NAME OF STUDENT: CLASS:

SEMESTER/YEAR: 6th/3rd ROLL NO:

DATE OF PERFORMANCE: DATE OF SUBMISSION:

EXPERIMENT NO: EXAMINED BY:

Title: PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS USING PNEUMATIC TRAINER

Aim: To study the following circuits using pneumatic trainer.
a. Automatic reciprocating circuit
b. Speed control circuit/Flow control valve
c. Pneumatic circuit involving Shuttle valve/ Quick exhaust valve / Two pressure valve
d. Electro pneumatic circuit

Theory:

AUTOMATIC RECIPROCATING CIRCUIT:

The circuit as shown can be used to automatically reciprocate a double acting

cylinder. The system consists of 4 DCVs & a double acting cylinder. The limits of
reciprocation of double acting cylinder are sensed by two operated limit switches. The main
supply to the system is controlled by the DCVs 1 which can be switched on and off by a push
button when DCVs is switched to position 1, air supplies will go to DCVs 1 and DCVs 2.
DCV 4 controls the oil flow into the cylinder. If DCV 4 is in the position 1 would
move to the piston end side of the cylinder, thus moves piston forward. Return air from the
piston rod end side would be exhausted.
When the piston reaches the forward most position the cam activates the limit switch
LS2 which changes the position of DCV 3 to position 1. This will send pilot signal to DCV 4
and change it to position 2.
In position 2 air enters into the piston rod end side of the cylinder and pushes the
piston backwards. The air from the opposite side of the piston is exhausted
When piston reaches the rear most limits, LS1 is actuated and it will change the
position DCV 2 to position 1. Now pilot signal will be sent from DCV 2 to DCV 4 and
change its position to 1 and cycle repeats.
 SPEED CONTROL CIRCUIT:

In this flow control valves are fitted in the both inlet and return lines. Along with the flow
control valve, non return valves are also connected to each.
When DCV is in position 1 air enters into the piston end side of the double acting cylinder &
moves the piston forward. Since the air flows through the flow control valve, the rate of air
can be controlled this in turn will control the speed of the piston.
The return air discharged from the other end of the cylinder will flow through the check valve
directly without any control & is exhausted. The piston moves forward at controlled speed.
When DCV is charged to position 2, air enters into the piston rod end side of the cylinder
through the flow control valve. By controlling the flow rate, the speed of the piston can be
controlled.
Air from the piston end of the cylinder will be discharged directly through the check valve in
the return line & it is material. Thus, it can be seen that the speed of the actuator could be
controlled in both the directions.

PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT INVOLVING QUICK EXHAUST VALVE

A quick exhaust valve is used in circuits when a return motion is to be executed very fast. For
this, the return air is exhausted directly so that the air need not to go through the DCV. The
circuit is shown.
A 4/2 DCV is used, which controls the air flow into the double acting cylinder.
Air enters directly into the piston end side of the cylinder. But the return air from the cylinder
through a shuttle valve.
When DCV is in position 1, air enters into the piston end side of the cylinder and pushes the
piston forward.
When the piston moves forward, pressure develops on the piston rod end side. The pilot
signal from the rod end pushes the shuttle piston to the left and closes the flow path to the
DCV.
Now the air path is open to the exhaust directly. So, the air exhausted directly without having
to go through the DCV. For these reasons it is called as ‘Quick Exhaust’.
Shuttle Valve:
A shuttle valve is a type of valve which allows fluid to flow through it from one of
two sources. Generally, a shuttle valve is used in pneumatic systems, although sometimes it
will be found in hydraulic systems.
The basic structure of a shuttle valve is like a tube with three openings; one on each
end, and one in the middle. A ball or other blocking valve element moves freely within the
tube. When pressure from a fluid is exerted through an opening on one end it pushes the ball
towards the opposite end. This prevents the fluid from traveling through that opening, but
allows it to flow through the middle opening. In this way two different sources can provide
pressure without the threat of back flow from one source to the other.
In pneumatic logic a shuttle-valve works as an ‘OR’ gate.

Twin Pressure Valve:

A twin-pressure valve requires two pressurised inputs to allow an output from itself.
This is achieved by a similar system to the one shown below, one active input slides the
shuttle valve shut blocking any air flow, add two active inputs and the shuttle remains
centralised allowing flow through the valve.
These valve types are commonly associated but not limited to safety circuits, for
example a two-push button operation system whereby an operator is required to use both
hands to activate two push buttons, this would ensure the operators hands are out of reach of
any hazardous operations.
 ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC VALVES AND CIRCUITS:

An electro pneumatic control system works with two forms of energy:

• Electrical energy in the signal control section.
• Compressed air in a power section.
The electrically actuated direction control valves from the interface between two parts of the
electro pneumatic control. They are switched by the output signals of the signal controls
section and open, or close connections in the power section. The most important tasks of
electrically actuated direction control valves include:
• Switching supply air ON or OFF.
• Extension and retraction of the cylinder drives.

Conclusion:
• The different pneumatic components have been studied and learnt.
• Applications & working of a pneumatic trainer have been done with the help of performing
different circuits on it.
• Experiment on the pneumatic trainer has been accomplished.