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The valve:
This is the modulating element of the control valve within which a
ball, plug, butterfly or plug is contained. The basic designs of the
valve are of two types; a plug and seat design valve wherein a
plug is pressed against a seat and a quarter turn valve wherein a
ball, disc or cone is rotated and turned against a seat. The portion
of the valve which regulates the flow is known as valve trim.
Variety in designs of valve trims creates.
The actuator:
Its function is that it is used to move the valve stem. The moving
action can be carried out either pneumatically, hydraulically or
electrically. The air actuating valves are the simplest of the lot
because they only require a supply of compressed air. The
electrically actuated valves require additional cabling as well as a
switch gear. The hydraulically actuated valves require high
pressure supply lines and return lines as well for the hydraulic
fluid.
Valve positioner:
A valve positioner’s function is to ensure that the position of the
valve stem corresponds to the set point from the controller
system. It requires the position feedback from the valve stem and
it delivers pneumatic pressure to actuator to open or close the
valve.
Pneumatic Valve:
They are actuated by a compressed material medium. The most
common medium is Air. Other mediums like nitrogen,
hydrocarbons, etc can also be used.
Hydraulic Valve:
They are actuated by a non-compressible material medium. The
most common medium is usually water and sometime oil is also
used.
Electric Valve:
They are actuated by an electric motor.
On-Off Valve:
The valve is either fully close or fully open. The valves which can
be used are gate valve, ball valve, globe valve, etc
Check Valve:
Based on Movement profile of the Controlling
Element
Sliding Stem:
: It contains a plug and a seat setup. The valve stem and valve
plug are one and the same thing. The plug slides in a linear
motion. For example, globe valve, wedge valve. Etc.
Rotary Valve:
It contains a disc which under goes a rotary motion, the turning
action results in a flow passage. For example, ball valve, butterfly
valve, etc