Name of the Subject Code & Name: AC8401 & Aerodynamics

Department : Aerospace Engineering

PART – A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. State Kelvin’s circulation theorem.

2. Write the applications of Bernoulli’s equations in aerodynamics.
3. Define Doublet flow. Give the streamline equation for doublet flow.
4. Differentiate between free vortex and forced vortex.
5. List out the Kutta Condition.
6. Distinguish between Conformal transformation and transformation.
7. Delineate Karman vortex sheet.
8. State Helmholtz’s vortex theorem.
9. Consider the flow properties, where the temperature is 320 K and the velocity is
1000 m/s. Calculate the Mach number.
10. Write about Fanno flow and its applications.

PART – B (5 x 13 = 65)

11. (a) (i) Derive the Euler’s equation along a streamline.

(ii) Explain briefly about Green’s lemma and Stoke’s theorem and its
application.

(or)

(b) (i) Derive the equation of continuity in Cartesian co-ordinate system in a two
dimensional flow for Steady flow and incompressible flow.

12. (a) (i) Derive the equation of Rankine oval and illustrate resulting velocity potential
and stream function.

(or)

(b) (i)Flow past a rotating cylinder can be simulated by superposition of a doublet, a

uniform flow and vortex. The peripheral velocity of the rotating cylinderalone is given
by Vθ at r = R (R is the radius of the cylinder). Use the expression for the combined
velocity potential for the superimposed uniform flow, doublet and vortex flow
(clockwise rotation) and show that the resultant velocity at any point on the cylinder
is given by -2U0 sin θ - Vθ (at r = R). The angle θ is the angular position of the point of
interest. A cylinder rotates at 600 rpm around its own axis which is perpendicular to
the uniform air stream density 1.24 kg/m3 having a velocity of 40 m/s. The cylinder
is 2 m in diameter. Finf out (a) circulation (b) lift per nit length and (c) the position of
the stagnation points.

(ii) Breifly write about bsic line patteren in fluid flow.

13. (a) (i) Derive an expression of Blasius Solution for incompressible flow over a Flat
Plate.

(ii) Discuss about Karman – Trefftz Transformation.

(or)

(b) (i) Explain in detail how combination of uniform flow, doublet flow and vortex flow
produces lifting flow over a cylinder.

14. (a) (i) The Lockheed F-104 supersonic fighter designed for sustained flight at
Mach 2. The F-104 embodies good supersonic aircraft design— long slender fuselage,
sharp pointed nose, and a wing with an extremely thin airfoil of 3.4 percent thickness
and a razor sharp leading edge (so sharp that a protective covering is placed on the
leading edge for ground handling). All these features have one purpose—to reduce
supersonic wave drag. The planform area of the wing is 18.21 m2. Consider the case of
the F-104 in steady, level flight at Mach 2 at 11 km altitude. The weight of the
airplane is at its combat weight of 9400 kgf. Assume that all the lift of the airplane
comes from the lift on the wings (i.e., ignore the lift of the fuselage and tail). Calculate
the angle of attack of the wing relative to the freestream.

(ii) Using linearized theory, calculate the lift and drag coefficients for a flat plate at a 5◦
angle of attack in a Mach 3 flow.

(or)

(b) (i) Derive an expression for Prandl lifting line theory.

15. (a) (i) Disuss in detail about Prandtl meyer expansion and derive its function.

(ii) Write about Attached and detached shock waves on cones at supersonic
condition.

(or)

(b) (i) The velocity and temperature behind a normal shock wave are 329 m/s and
1500 K, respectively. Calculate the velocity in front of the shock wave.

PART – C (1 x 15 = 15)

16. (a) Consider an NACA 23012 airfoil. The mean camber line for this airfoil is given
by

Calculate (a) the angle of attack at zero lift, (b) the lift coefficient when α = 4◦, (c)
the moment coefficient about the quarter chord, and (d) the location of the
center of pressure in terms of xcp/c, when α = 4◦.

(or)
(b) A semi convex airfoil is immersed in a uniform supersonic flow at Mach M∞ =
2.5 with an incidence angle α = 3 degrees, as is shown in figure.

The upper surface has the following equation with respect to the body system of
reference:

where h/c = 0.02. The lower surface is flat. Determine:

(a) The pressure coefficient distribution Cp(x) on the bottom and top side of the
airfoil.
(b) The airfoil lift coefficient CL.
(c) The airfoil drag coefficient Cd.