Service Information

Document Title: Function Group: Information Type: Date:

Explanations to hydraulic 990 Service Information 06/07/2021
diagram
Profile:
A40F Volvo SN 11001-99999

Explanations to hydraulic diagram

Showing Selected Profile

Valid for serial numbers

Model Production site Serial number start Serial number stop
A40F Volvo SN 11001-99999

Symbols

Symbol Explanation
Line

Servo line / Pilot line

Line junction

Crossing lines not connecting

Outlet, plugged

Quick-action coupling (e.g. checking point)

Restriction

Restriction, insignificantly viscosity-dependent

Adjustable restriction

Reservoirs and accumulators

Atmospheric (open) reservoir

Accumulator

Filter
Filter, strainer
 Filter with magnetic element

Heat exchanger
Cooler without representation of lines for the coolant

Control devices
Manual control by push button

Manual control by lever

Manual control by pedal

Mechanical control by spring, neutral position spring, return spring

Electromagnetic control (one winding)

Hydraulic pressure control

Hydraulic pressure control, two pressure levels

Control via hydraulic pressure drop

Pneumatic control

Control via pneumatic pressure drop

Sources of energy
Combustion engine

Electric motor
Pumps
Hydraulic pump with fixed displacement and one direction of flow

Hydraulic pump with variable displacement and one direction of flow

Hydraulic pump with variable displacement and two directions of flow

Hydraulic pump with variable displacement, pressure controlled

Hydraulic pump with variable displacement, pressure controlled with

pressure-compensated control

Motors
Hydraulic motor with fixed displacement and one direction of flow

Hydraulic motor with fixed displacement and two directions of flow

Cylinders
Single-acting cylinder with return stroke by spring
 Double-acting cylinder with single piston rod
(The piston end is called plus side and the piston rod end is called
minus side)

Valves
Non-return valve which requires very low opening pressure

Non-return valve which requires a certain opening pressure

Shuttle valve

Pressure-limiting valve

Pressure-limiting valve with adjustable opening pressure

Pressure-reducing valve

Pressure-reducing valve with adjustable closing pressure

Pressure-reducing valve, pressure controlled

Three-position valve, lever-controlled and spring-centred

Lines parallel with the long sides of the valve symbol show that the
valve can take up any position between its end positions (stepless
movement)

Shut-off valve / Breather valve

Application
The symbols in a diagram show connections, flow paths and function of the components in the system, but does not show
the design of the components.
NOTE!
In a hydraulic diagram the valve symbols are always drawn in neutral position.

Valve symbols
The basic element of a valve symbol is a square box. One box is shown for each position that the moving part of a valve
(spool or similar) can take up.

Figure 1
Valve symbol
If the valve does not have fixed positions, but can be operated steplessly, this is shown with parallel lines along the valve
symbol.

Figure 2
Valve symbol, steplessly controlled valve
Internal flow paths and flow directions are drawn in the boxes. Line connections to the valve are drawn to the box that
shows the valve position when other components are actuated according to the diagram.

Figure 3
Closed valve

Figure 4
Open valve
Interpretation of valve symbols
In a three-position valve the spool can be placed in three positions, which in the symbol are represented by one box for
each position. The box that represents the intended position is drawn between the line connections, which means that the
appropriate connecting paths in the valve are shown in the diagram.
The position in the diagram
Figure 5
Neutral position

1. Inlet
2. Outlet

The spool is centred in neutral position by the springs. The inlet is connected to the outlet through the spool.
Imagined position for piston movement outwards

Figure 6
The piston rod is pressed out

1. Inlet
2. Outlet

The spool is actuated with the lever so that the plus side of the cylinder is connected to the inlet at the same time as the
minus side is connected to the tank.
Imagined position for piston movement inwards
Figure 7
The piston rod is pressed in

1. Inlet
2. Outlet

The spool is actuated with the lever so that the minus side of the cylinder is connected to the inlet at the same time as the
plus side is connected to the tank.