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Throughput Calculation For Lte TDD and FDD Systems: December 2012
Throughput Calculation For Lte TDD and FDD Systems: December 2012
Throughput Calculation
for LTE TDD and FDD
Systems
1. Introduction Contents
Many of us might have heard about LTEs peak throughput i.e. 1. Introduction
2. Overview of LTE
300Mbps, but how many of us know how we calculate that? This
Physical Layer
paper provides the information, how this number is calculated? And
3. Basic Terminology
assumptions behind? 4. Maximum Throughput
with Maximum
In this paper, authors have explained the calculations of theoretical Bandwidth
throughput for both the LTE FDD and TDD systems. 5. Use of 3GPP
specification 36.213 for
throughput calculation
2. Overview of LTE Physical Layer 6. DL and UL throughput
calculation for LTE
LTE Physical layer deals with parameters like frequency, bandwidth, FDD
Modulation, cyclic prefix, coding rate which plays importance in 7. LTE TDD and its frame
structure
calculation of the throughput. 8. DL and UL throughput
calculation for LTE
LTE system uses OFDMA as access technology in downlink to TDD
increase the spectral efficiency and SC-FDMA in uplink due to low 9. Conclusion
Peak to Average Power ratio (PAPR) advantage. 10. References
1
3. LTE Basic Terminology
There are some basic terminologies of LTE system that should be
known to better understand the throughput calculation. These are
explained below:
LTE Basic Terminology Cyclic Prefix - A set of samples which are duplicated from the end of a
transmitted symbol and appended cyclically to the beginning of the
Resource Element (RE) symbol. This can form a type of guard interval to absorb Inter-Symbol
is the basic unit in LTE Interference (ISI). The cyclic construction preserves orthogonality of
which corresponds to a the subcarriers in an OFDM transmission.
subcarrier in frequency
.
and a symbol in time
Resource Block is the
Time slot - 0.5 ms time period of LTE frame corresponding to 7
combination of 12 OFDM symbols (and 7 CPs) when Normal CP = 5 usec is used (the
subcarriers in frequency standard case). And LTE 6 OFDM symbols (and 6 CPs) when the
and 7 symbols time (0.5 Extended CP = 17 usec is used.
msec).
LTE frame is of 10
msec can be divided
into 10 subframe or 20
timeslots
A subframe is also
called one TTI
(Transmit Time
Interval)
3
This Multiplexing technique directly affects throughput as in FDD
which has symmetric bandwidth so both Uplink and Downlink have
same throughput, but in TDD the bandwidth is asymmetric and same
bandwidth is shared by Uplink and Downlink on time sharing basis so
the total throughput is also shared accordingly.
Each of Modulation has its bits carrying capacity per symbol. One QPSK
symbol can carry 2bits, one 16QAM symbol can carry 4bits and 64 QAM
symbol can carry 6 bits. This is shown below with constellation diagram:
4
Along modulation there is term called coding rate. Coding rate
describes the efficiency of particular modulation scheme. For
example, if we say 16 QAM with coding rate of 0.5, it means this
modulation has 50% of efficiency i.e. as 16QAM can carry 4 bits
but with coding rate of 0.5, it can carry 2 information bits and rest
of the 2bits for redundancy of information.
LTE uses different coding rate with QPSK, 16 QAM and 64QAM.
The combination of Modulation and Coding rate is called
Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS). Below figure shows MCS
index and Modulation Order which describes the type of
modulation (2 for QPSK, 4 for 16QAM and 6 for 64 QAM).
LTE supports
QPSK,16-QAM and
64- QAM for data
channel
QPSK carries 2 bits per
Symbol, 16 QAM
carries 4 Bits per
Symbol and 64 QAM
carries 6 Bits per
symbol.
Each modulation is
used with some coding
which makes
Modulation Coding
Scheme (MCS).
Each MCS have a
corresponding TBS
index value which is
used for mapping TB
size with Resource
Block numbers to find
the throughput.
5
3.4 UE Categories in LTE
The category of UE specifies the ability of the Device in terms of
DL/UL throughputs, Antenna Support in DL/UL, TBS size supported
in DL/UL and Modulation supports.
This is the way how we get the number of throughput 300Mbps for
6
Downlink and 75Mbps for Uplink shown everywhere.
5. Use of 3GPP specification 36.213 for
Throughput calculation
In 3GPP specification 36.213 E-UTRA- Physical Layer, table
7.1.7.1-1 shows the mapping between MCS (Modulation and
Coding Scheme) index and TBS (Transport Block Size) index. The
highest MCS index 28 (64 QAM with the least coding), which is
mapped to TBS index 26 as shown below.
By using these two tables the number of data bits can be calculated,
with the combination of MCS Index and Number of Resource
Blocks.
For example, with 100 RBs and MCS index of 28, the TBS is
75376. Assume 4x4 MIMO, the peak data rate will be 75376 x 4 =
301.5 Mbps.
There are seven possible configurations for LTE TDD frame as shown
below. Here D- is downlink, S- for Special subframe and U- for Uplink.
As shown 5 ms periodicity frame have two S subframe and 10 mili
sec frames have only one S subframe.
8
.
Bandwidth 20MHz
Multiplexing Scheme- TDD
TDD Configuration- 2 (D-6, S-2 and U-2)
Special Subframe configuration-7 (DwPTS-10, GP-2 and UpPTS-2)
UE category- Cat. 3
Modulation supported- as per Cat 3 TBS index 26 for DL (75376 for
100RBs) and 21 for UL (51024 for 100 RBs)
10
8. Conclusion
Paper describes the steps and formulae to calculate the throughput for
FDD system for TDD Config 1 and Config 2.
Mohit Luthra
The throughput calculations shown in this paper is theoretical and
LTE RF Design Engineer
limited by the assumptions taken to calculate for calculation.
9. References
1. Wikipedia.com
2. www.3gpp.org
Preet Kanwar Singh Rekhi 3. 3GPP standard 36.211 , Evolved Universal Terrestrial
LTE Testing Engineer Radio Access (E-UTRA)- Physical Channels and
Modulation
4. 3GPP standard 36.212 , Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA)- Multiplexing and Channel
Coding
5. 3GPP standard 36.213 , Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA)- Physical Layer Procedures
6. 3GPP standard 36.300 , Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall Description
7. LTE, The UMTS long Terms Evolution: From Theory to
Rahul Atri, LTE
Radio Access Network Engineer Practise
Disclaimer:
Authors state that this whitepaper has been compiled meticulously and to the best of their
Sukhvinder Malik knowledge as of the date of publication. The information contained herein the white
LTE Testing Engineer paper is for information purposes only and is intended only to transfer knowledge about
the respective topic and not to earn any kind of profit.
Every effort has been made to ensure the information in this paper is accurate. Authors
11 does not accept any responsibility or liability whatsoever for any error of fact, omission,
interpretation or opinion that may be present, however it may have occurred