Professional Documents
Culture Documents
fuEuLrj d`f"k
f"k fk{k.k vH;kle
f"k in~fodk
izFke o"kZ
fo"k;% f"k eqyrRos o lasf; 'ksrh
izkR;f{kd
ladyd
MkW-,l~-,l~-dksGis-
izkpk;Z
Jh-ch-,e~-csYgsdj-
f"k ra= fo|ky;]iq.krkack]
ft-vgenuxj-
d`f"k ra= fudsru in~fodk vH;kldze 2012 & 13
izFke o"kZ
fo"k; % d`f"k eqyrRos o lsafnz; 'ksrh
izkR;f{kd
xq.k % 100 20% + 10% rkfldk % 20
6 tfeuh vkf.k fidkph izdkj y{kkr /ksowu [krs ns.;kP;k i/nrh vH;kl.ks- 02
mfn"V
e`nijh{k.kklkBh ekrhpk uequk ?ksrk ;sbZy vkf.k e`nijh{k.kkps egRo lkaxrk ;sbZy-ekrhpk uequk xksGk
dj.;klkBh vkxjkapk mi;ksx djrk ;sbZy-
vko';d ekfgrh
1 ekrhpk uequk
tfeuhph lqfidrk vkf.k mRiknu{kerk ok<fo.;klkBh tfeuhP;k HkkSfrd] tSfod vkf.k jklk;fud
xq.k/kekZaph ekfgrh vl.ks vko;d vkgs- tfeuhr miyC/k vl.kk&;k vUunzO;kaps izek.k let.;klkBh
ekrhps i`FkDdj.k d:u ?ks.ks Qkj egRokps vkgs- FkksM;kkk ekrho:u laiq.kZ 'ksrhph ijh{kk djrk ;sr
vlY;keqGs ekrhP;k ueqU;kyk vR;ar egRo vkg- gk uequk laiq.kZ 'ksrtfeuhpk izkfrfuf/kd la;qDr uequk
vl.ks vko;d vkgs-
ekrhpk uequk ?ks.;klkBh vusd lk/kukapk mi;ksx djrkr- 'kkL=h; n`"V;k dks.kR;kgh tfeuhr]
vko;d R;k [kksyhoj ekrhpk uequk ?ks.;klkBh vkxj g;k midj.kkpk mi;ksx gksrks- izR;sd vkxjkph
[kkl oSfk"V;s vlrkr- tfeuhP;k izdkjkuqlkj osxosxGs ^vkxj* okijrk ;srkr- vkxjkP;k lkgk;kus
?ksrysyk ekrhpk uequk gO;k vlysY;k izek.kkr vkf.k ifjfLFkrhr ?ksrk ;srks-
d Ldzw vkxj % tfeuhr mH;k fidkr 30 laseh- [kksyhi;Zar ekrhpk uequk ?ksrk ;srks-
[k Y;wFkj vkxj % 25 lasVhehVj [kksyhi;Zarpk ekrhpk uequk ?ksrk ;srks-
x vesfjdu lkWbZy lWaiyj % 20 lasVhehVj [kksyhi;Zarpk ekrhpk uequk ?ksrk ;srks- okyqdke;
tfeuhrhy ekrhpk uequk ?ks.;klkBh g;k vkxjkpk pkaxyk mi;ksx gksrks-
?k y;kyiwj vkxj % 30 laseh- [kksyhi;Zar ekrhpk uequk ?ksrk ;srks-
p iksLVgksy vkxj % ;k vkxjkpk mi;ksx Hkkjh tfeuhrhy ekrhpk uequk ?ks.;klkBh gksrks-
lkfgR;
ekrhP;k ueqU;klkBh dqnG] QkoMs] [kqjis] ?kesys] LoPN dkiM] dkiMh fikO;k] xks.kikV] vkxj]
igkj] cknyh] Ldqz vkxj] Y;qFkj vkxj] vesfjdu lkWbZy gnba] y;kyiwj vkxj] iksLVgksy vkxj]
QqViVVh] bR;knh-
mfn"V &
tfeuhpk mHkk Nsn ?ksu R;krhy fofo/k Fkjkapk vH;kl dj.ks-
tfeuhP;k ojhy i`"B Hkkxkiklwu [kkyP;k tud [kMdkai;Zar fujfujkG;k FkjkaP;k Hkkxkl tfeuhpk
mHkk Nsn lkWbZy izksQkbZy vls Eg.krkr- tfeuhP;k mH;k Nsnkrhy izR;sd vkMO;k Fkjkl ^e`n laLrj*
vls Eg.krkr- tfeuhP;k Fkjkapk vuqdze] [kksyh vkf.k xq.k/keZ ;kapk vH;kl dj.;kP;k 'kkL=kyk
^e`nkdkjfoKku* lkWbZy ekWjQkWykWth vls Eg.krkr-
tfeuhrhy Fkj vkf.k miFkjkaph ekfgrh iq<hyizek.ks &
,00 lasfnz; inkFkkZaps fo?kVu >kysys ulrs- ;ke/;s ikus] Qka|k ;kapk lekosk
gksrks-
,0 lasfnz; inkFkkZaps fo?kVu dkgh izek.kkr >kysys vlrs- gk Fkj taxykrhy
Ekkrhr fnlrks- ijarq gk xorkG fdaok ekkxrh[kkyhy tfeuhr lglk
fnlr ukgh-
,1 xnZ jaxkpk Fkj] fo?kVu >kysY;k lasfnz; inkFkkZaps izek.k tkLr]
loZlk/kki.ki.ks loZ tfeuhr gk Fkj vlrks-
,2 fQDdV jaxkP;k g;k Fkjkrwu iks"kd nzO;s [kkyP;k Fkjkr eksB;k izek.kkr
okgwu tkrkr gk Fkj iksM>ksfyd tfeuhe/;s eksB;k izek.kkoj vk<Grks-
,3 gk ladze.k Fkj cjkplk ^,* Fkjklkj[kk vlrks- ^,* Fkjkrwu iks"kd vUunzO;s
eksB;k izek.kkr [kkyP;k Fkjkr okgwu tkrkr- ;kykp >ksu vkWQ
bY;qfOg,ku vls Eg.krkr- ^,* Fkjkph [kksyh gokekukoj voyacwu vlrs-
vkf.k rh loZlk/kkj.ki.ks FkaM iznskkr 25 rs 50 lsaeh- vkf.k m".k o neV
iznskkr 50 rs 75 lsaeh- vlrs- ;k Fkjke/;s lsafnz; inkFkkZaps izek.k tkLr
vlwu R;kpk iksr gydk vkf.k lajpuk pkaxyh vlrs-
ch0 ;k Fkjkr ojP;k fdaok [kkyP;k Fkjkrwu vkysyh iks"kd vUunzO;s lkBrkr-
Eg.kwu ;kyk ^HkkaMkj Fkj* >ksu vkWQ vWY;qfOg,ku vls Eg.krkr-
;ke/;s izkeq[;kus pqU;kpk izHkkx fdaok dBh.k izHkkx vlrks-
ch1 gk ladze.k Fkj ^,* Fkjkis{kk tkLr ^ch* lkj[kk fnlrks- ;ke/;s voisf{kr
yksg] vWY;qfefu;e vkf.k g;qel lkiMrs-
ch2 ;kr lokZar tkLr yksg] vWY;qfefu;e] fpd.kekrh vkf.k lasfnz; inkFkZ
;kapk lkBk vlrks vkf.k ;kph lajpuk yksydh fiz>eWfVd fdaok CykWdh
vlrs-
ch3 c&;kp osGk ulrks vkf.k vlY;kl ^lh* lkj[kk vlrks-
lh tud [kMdkpk Hkkx vlwu R;koj ekrhpk ojpk [kjk Hkkx r;kj gksrks-
gk Hkkx R;kp fBdk.kh r;kj gksrks-
lkfgR;
dqnG] fVdko] QkoMs] ?kesys] ekstiVVh] dkiMh fikO;k] gk;Mkstu iWjkWDlkbZM] gk;MksDyksfjd
vWflM] bR;knh
d`rh
1- ekstiVVhP;k lkgk;kus 100 lsaeh] ykac vkf.k 100 lsaeh- :an vkdkjkpk [kMMk vk[kwu ?;k
vkf.k rks eq:e ykxsi;Zar [k.kk-
2- [kM;kP;k i`"BHkkxkiklwu [kM;kP;k rGki;Zar osxosxGs Fkj fnlrkr- R;kaps
fujh{k.k d:u R;kaph tkMh ekstk- izR;sd Fkjkrhy ekrhpk jax] iksr vkf.k
lasfnz; inkFkkZaps vkf.k pqu[kMhps vfLrRo ikgk-
3- lasfnz; inkFkkZps vfLrRo ikg.;klkBh gk;Mkstu iWjkWDlkbZM vkf.k pqu[kMhps
vfLrRo ikg.;klkBh gk;MksDyksfjd vWflM ekrhP;k ueqU;koj vksrwu
vfHkfdz;k ikgk-
fujh{k.ks
mnn~sk &
1- tfeuhpk lkew vkEyfoEydk<.ks-
2- tfeuhrhy ,dq.k fonzkO; {kkj dk<.ks-
1 tfeuhpk lkew
lkew gk tfeuhpk Qkj egRokpk xq.k/keZ vkgs- fidkauk gks.kkjk vUuiqjoBk rlsp tfeuhpk lajpuk
fVdwu Bso.;klkBh tfeuhpk lkew ekfgr vl.ks vko;d vkgs- gk;Mkstu vk;u fdz;kkhyrspk _.k
ykWxWfjFke Eg.ktsp lkew gks;- lkew dk<.;klkBh ;qfuOglZy bafMdsVj] bafMdsVj isij] iksVWfUkvksehVj]
bR;knh i/nrhpk mi;ksx djrkr- R;kaiSdh iksVWfUkvksehVjpk pkaxyk vkf.k vpwd mi;ksx gksrks- nzko.kkpk
lkew 7 vlsy rj rks inkFkZ mnklhu] lkew 7 is{kk deh vlsy rj vkEy;qDr vkf.k lkew 7 is{kk tkLr
vlsy rj vYd;qDr vkgs vls Eg.krkr- tfeuhr vl.kkjh vUunzO;s] o:u ns.;kr vkysyh lasfnz; vkf.k
jklk;fud [krs] tuu [kMd] ekkxr] ?ksrysyh fids] fidkauk ns.;kr ;s.kkjs ik.kh vkf.k R;kps xq.k/keZ ;k
loZ ckchaoj ekrhpk lkew voyacwu vlrks-
gk;Mkstu v.kwP;k ?kkrkadko:u gk funsZkkad Bjfoyk vkgs- T;k osGh gk;Mkstu v.kwps izek.k
&7
10 vlrs] R;k osGh funsZkkad 7 ;srks- vkEy inkFkkZr gk vad 7 is{kk deh rj foEy inkFkkZr gk vad
7 is{kk tkLr vlrks-
rRo% 'kq/n ik.;kps rkieku 21 vak lsfYlvl vlrkuk /kuHkkfjr gk;Mkstu vk;u
vkf.k _.kHkkfjr gk;MWkfDly vk;u ;kaps izek.k lkj[ksp vlrs- T;k osGh
/kuHkkfjr ?kVdkaps izek.k tkLr gksrs] R;k osGh _.kHkkfjr ?kVdkaps izek.k deh
gksrs- ek= nks?kkapk xq.kkdkj lkj[kkp vlrks-
2 tfeuhph fo|qrokgdrk
tfeuhr {kkjkaps izek.k deh fdaok ;ksX; vlY;kl fidkaP;k ok<hlkBh pkaxys vlrs- ijarq {kkjkaps
izek.k ok<Y;kl fidkauk vik;dkjd vlrs- tfeuhrhy {kkjkaps izek.k deh vlsy rj fc;kaph mxo.k
vkf.k fidkaph ok< pkaxyh gksrs- i.k tltls {kkjkaps izek.k ok<r tkrs rlrkh fc;kaph mxo.k deh gksrs]
fidkaph ok< [kqVars- tfeuhr Qkjp tkLr {kkj vlrhy rj xorlq/nk mxor ukgh- Eg.kwu tfeuhr
vl.kkjs {kkjkaps izek.k riklwu ikg.ks vko;d vlrs-
lkfgR;
Lkkew ewY; dk<.;klkBh papqik=] iz;ksxkkGsrhy rjktw] ekiu uGdkaMh fiisV] /oZikfrr ik.kh]
dkpspk nkaMk Xykl jkWM] ih- ,p- ehVj] xfrjks/kds cQlZ] fo|qrvxz Xykl bysDVksM] ekrhpk uequk]
bR;knh- vko;d vkgs-
fo|qrokgdrk ekst.;klkBh 150 feyh- 'kadqik=] 10 xzWe ekrh] rkiekid] jklk;fud rjktw]
dkpuGh] daMfDVfOgVh czht] papqikp] 1]000 feyh- ekihik=]
izekf.kr iksVWfk;e DyksjkbZM] bR;knhaph vko;drk vlrs-
d`rh
1 tfeuhpk lkew
1 7-0 lkew vlysyh ,d xfrjks/kdkph xksGh ?;k vkf.k rh 100 fefyyhVj
/oZikfrr ik.;kr iq.kZi.ks foj?kGwu ?;k- ;k nzko.kkyk lkew 7-0 vlwu ;k
nzko.kkyk cQj vls Eg.krkr-
2 ih-,p~- ehVj pkyw d:u ih-,p- ehVjyk tksMysY;k fo|qrvxzkojhy Xykl
bysDVksM ojhy nzko.k vl.kk&;k papqik=kr cqMok-
3 Xykl bysDVksM nzko.kkr cqMoY;kuarj ih-,p~-ehVjojhy okpukad jhfMax
?ksu ih-,p~-ph uksan djk-
4 i`FkDdj.kkph ?ksrysY;k ekrhps 10 xzWe out d:u rs papqik=kr Vkdk-
5 ekiu uGdkM;kaP;k lkgk;kus 25 fefyyhVj /oZikfrr ik.kh ?ksu
papqik=kr Vkdk- 1% 2-5
6 papqik=krhy ik.kh vkf.k ekrh ;kaps feJ.k dkpsP;k nkaM;kus lrr 30
fefuVs <oGwu ?;k-
7 nzko.kkps papqik= ih-,p~-ehVjyk tksMysY;k fo|qrvxzktoG usu fo|qrvxz
nzko.kkr iw.kZ cqMok-
8 ih-,p- ehVjojhy jhfMax ?;k vkf.k R;kpcjkscj rkiekukph ukasn djk-
9 lkewph fujh{k.ks dsY;kuarj fo|qrvxz xfrjks/kdkP;k nzko.kkr cqMok-
fujh{k.ks
v-dz- fujh{k.ks uksanh
1 ekrhps otu xzWe
2 /oZikfrr ik.kh fefy
3 okrkoj.kkps rkieku va'k lsfl
4 Ekkrhpk lkew
fo|qrokgdrk ekst.;klkBh [kkyh fnY;kizek.ks lksY;qfcztps dWfyczsku d:u ?;k-
iksVWfk;e DyksjkbZMps 0-7456 xzWe otu djk- rs papqik=kr Vkdwu R;kr vankts 100 feyh-
/oZikfrr ik.kh Vkdk vkf.k rs iq.kZ foj?kGsi;Zar <oGk- R;kps ekihik=kr 1]000 feyhyhVj nzko.k r;kj
djk- vkk nzko.kkph 25 vak lsfYlvlyk fo|qr laokgdrk 1411-8 x 10&6 Eg.kts 0-0014118
fefyeksgt~ izfr lsafVehVj nk[kfors- g;k nzko.kkP;k lkgk;kus lksY;qfcztps dWfyczsku d:u ?kV fLFkjkad
lsy dkWULVaV dk<k-
150 fefyyhVj {kersP;k 'kadqik=kr 10 xzWe otukph ekrh vf/kd 25 fefyyhVj /oZikfrr
ik.kh Vkdk- vls feJ.k ,d rkl lkj[ks gyok vkf.k cktqyk Bsok-
'kadqik=kP;k ojP;k cktwus furG ik.kh fuyacu lksY;qfcztpk jcjh Qqxk nkcwu vks<wu ?;k vkf.k
daMfDVfOgVh czhtoj R;kpk okpukad ?;k- Eg.ktsp R;kph fo|qr laokgdrk fefyeksgt~ lsa-eh- ekstk-
R;kp osGh rkieku 25 vak lsfYlvl vkgs dh ukgh rs ikgk- R;kuqlkj x.kukr rkiekukuqlkj cny
djk-
x.ku dj.;klkBh [kkyhy lq=kpk okij d:u ,dq.k fonzkO; {kkj fefyeksgt~@lsafVehVj fdaok
Msfllk;eu@ehVj dk<k-
1 ,dq.k fonzkO; {kkj ihih,e = fo|qrokgdrk x 640
2 ijklj.k nkc vkWleWfVd izskj = fo|qrokgdrk x 0-39 ckj~l
3 ,danj dWVk;u fdaok vWuk;u febZ@yhVj = fo|qrokgdrk x 10
fujh{k.ks
mfn"V &
tfeuhrhy lasfnz; dcZ vkf.k R;ko:u lsafnz; inkFkZ u=] LQqjn vkf.k ikykk dk<rk ;srhy-
1 lsafnz; inkFkZ
pkaxY;k fidk tfeuhe/;s dkcZu vkf.k u= ;kaps xq.kksRrj loZlk/kkj.ki.ks 10-1 vlrs- tfeuhr vl.kkjs
dkcZups izek.k gs tfeuhr vl.kk&;k lasfnz; inkFkkZP;k izek.kkoj voyacwu vlrs- egkjk"Vkrhy
tfeuhe/;s lsafnz; dkcZups izek.k 0-25 iklwu 1-30% i;Zar vlwu R;kph ljkljh 0-37% vkgs- jsrhe;
tfeuhe/;s dkcZups izek.k 0-20% vlrs- tfeuhrhy dkcZups izek.k okd~yh o CyWd ;kaP;k vksylj
vkWfDlMhdj.k i/nrhus dk<rk ;srs-
rRo % vksylj vkWfDlMhdj.k i/nrhe/;s lsafnz; inkFkkZe/khy dkcZups dzksfed
vkEykP;k lkgk;kus vkWfDlMhdj.k dsys tkrs- tkLr VkdysY;k dzksfed
vkEykps Qsjl lYQsVP;k nzko.kkr QsjkWbZu nkZdkP;k lkgk;kus mnklhuhdj.k
gksrs- {ki.k u >kysY;k dzksfed vkEyko:u lsafnz; dkcZups izek.k dk<ys
tkrs-
2 u=
m".k vkf.k lerhkks".k gokekukrhy tfeuhe/;s miyC/k u=kps izek.k deh vlrs- dkj.k
m".krseqGs lsafnz; inkFkkZaps yodj fo?kVu gksrs- loZlk/kkj.ki.ks tfeuhe/;s miyC/k u=kps izek.k gsDVjh
100 rs 750 fdyksi;Zar vlrs- vkiY;kdMhy tfeuhrhy miyC/k u=kps ljkljh izek.k nj gsDVjh 180
fdyks vkgs-
tfeuhr vl.kk&;k ,dq.k u=kiSdh 90% u= g`w$ vkk lsafnz; inkFkkZaP;k voLFkse/;s vlrs- tSfod
i/nrhus u=kps fo?kVu gksu rks miyC/k voLFksr eqGkauk feGw 'kdrks- jklk;fud i/nrhus foEy;qDr
iksVWfk;e ijeWaxusVP;k /oZikrukus miyC/k u= dk<yk tkrks- iksVWfk;e ijeWaxusVP;k /oZikrukeqGs
ekrhrhy u=krhy veksfu;k eksdGk gksu lY;qjl vkEyke/;s 'kks"kwu ?ksryk tkrks- gk 'kks"kysyk
uk;Vkstu Eg.ktsp miyC/k u= gks;-
3 LQqjn
tfeuhrhy th eqynzO;s ik.kh fdaok lkSE; vkEyke/;s foj?kGwu fidkauk miyC/k gksrkr vkk
ewynzO;kauk miyC/k vUunzO;s vls Eg.krkr- tfeuhrhy ,dq.k vUunzO;kais{kk miyC/k vUunzO;s ouLirhP;k
ok<hlkBh egRokph vlrkr- dkj.k ouLirhph eqGs QDr miyC/k vUunzO;s 'kks"kwu ?ksrkr- tfeuhe/;s
loZlk/kkj.k miyC/k LQqjnkps izek.k nj gsDVjh 6-25 rs 35-15 fdyksi;Zar vlrs vkf.k ljkljh izek.k
nj gsDVjh 17-20 fdyks vlrs-
tfeuhrhy miyC/k LQqjn dk<.;kP;k <kscG ekukus nksu i/nrh vkgsr- dkG;k jaxkP;k foEy
tfeuhlkBh 0-5 ukWeZy lksfM;e ck;dkcksZusV vksYlu i/nr vkf.k rkacM;k jaxkP;k vkEy tfeuhlkBh
0-03 ukWeZy veksfu;e YkskjkbZM czs vkf.k dqVZ~> i/nr gh jlk;us okijrkr-
vksYlu i/nrhus tfeuhrhy LQqjn dk<.ks-
rRp % 0-5 ukWeZy lksfM;e ck;dkcksZusVeqGs lkew 8-5 tfeuhrhy miyC/k
LQqjn gk tfeuhrhy dWfYk;e QWkLQsViklwu osxGk gksrks vkf.k dWfYk;eps
pqqu[kMhP;k lkD;ke/;s :ikarj gksrs- R;keqGs e`nkP;k nzko.kke/;s miyC/k
LQqjnkps izek.k ok<rs- R;kpizek.ks vWY;qfefu;e vkf.k yksgkP;k QWkLQsViklwu
dkgh izek.kkr LQqjn e`nknzko.kkr ;srks- veksfu;e ekWfyCMseqGs QWkLQkseksfyCMsV
r;kj gksrks- ;kpk lkdk r;kj >kY;koj R;krhy LQqjn fuG;k jaxkP;k
rhozrso:u dyjhehVj midj.kkP;k lkgk;kus ekstrkr-
lasfnz; CyWadlkBh ykx.kkjs Qsjl lYQsV & ueqU;klkBh ykx.kkjs Qsjl lYQsV x izlkekU;rk x0-003 x 100 x 1-3
dcZ % &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
ekrhps otu
ekrhrhy lasfnz; inkFkZ % lsafnz; dcZ % x 1-724
2 u= % miyC/k u= dk<.;klkBh [kkyhy vfHkdkjds r;kj d:u ?;k-
d 0-32 % iksVWfk;e ijeWaxusVps nzko.k] 2-5 % lksfM;e gk;MWkDlkbZMps nzko.k]
0-02 ukWeZy lY;qfjd vkEy] 2% cksfjd vkEy vkf.k 20 feyh-
feJnkZd r;kj djrkuk 66 fefyxzWe feFkhy jsM vkf.k 990 fefyxzWe
czkseksfdzlkWy xzhu gs 100 feyh- 95% vYdksgksye/;s felGwu r;kj djk-
[k 20 xzWe ekrhps otu ?ksu rh 1]000 feyh- /oZikru pacqe/;s Vkdk-
R;ke/;s 20 feyh- /oZikfrr ik.kh] 100 feyh- iksVWfk;e ijeWaxusVps nzko.k
vkf.k 100 feyh- lksfM;e gk;MWkDlkbZMps nzko.k Vkdk- ;k nzko.kkyk Qsl ;s
u;s Eg.kwu 1 feyh- es.k Vkdk vkf.k nzko.k mlGw u;s Eg.kwu dkpe.kh Xykl
chM Vkdk- 250 feyh- papqik=kr 20 feyh cksfjd vkEy vkf.k feJnkZd
?ksu daMsUljps Vksd R;ke/;s cqMok- pacqyk cuZjP;k lkgk;kus m".krk n;k-
fu?kkysyk veksfu;e cksjhd vkEYkkr 'kks"kwu ?;k- veksfu;k 'kks"kyk tkr
vlrkuk xqykch jax fgjok gksrks- R;klkBh vankts 100 feyh- /oZikfrr
nzko.kkps 0-02 ukWeZy lY;qfjd vkEykcjkscj xqykch jax ;sbZi;Zar vuqekiu
djk- daMsUljP;k ckgsjhy Vksdkyk vksyk yky fyVel isij /kjk] rks fuGk
gksrks- rlsp ojhy loZ d`rh ekrhfojghr d:u CyWad jhfMax ?;k-
4 ikykk
izFke [kkyhyizek.ks vfHkdkjds r;kj d:u ?;k-
v mnklhu 1 ukWeZy veksfu;e vflVsV nzko.k r;kj dj.;klkBh 77-1 xzWe
veksfu;e vflVsV] 900 feyh- /oZikfrr ik.;kr felGk- R;kpk lkew
3 ukWeZy vlsfVd vkEy fdaok 3 ukWeZy veksfu;e gk;MWkDlkbZM ;kaP;k
lkgk;kus 7 d:u R;kps vkdkjeku 1 yhVj r;kj djk-
vk izekf.kr iksVWfk;eps nzko.k 1]000ih-ih-,e r;kj dj.;klkBh 1-908
xWze iksVWfk;e DyksjkbZMps dksjMs LQfVd ik.;kr foj?kGwu R;kps
vkdkjeku 1 yhVj djk-
izekf.kr vkys[k dk<.ks & ikykkkP;k izekf.kr nzko.kko:u 10] 20] 30]
40] 50] 60] 70] 80] 90 vkf.k 100 ihih,eph osxosxGh fojy nzko.ks
r;kj djk- yseQksVksehVje/;s iksVWfk;epk fQYVj clowu xWl vkf.k gospk
nkc fu;af=r djk- ;k midj.kke/;s veksfu;e vflVsVpk CyWad 'kwU;koj vkf.k
100 ihih,e nzko.k 100 oj fu;af=r djk- fujfujkG;k nzko.kkP;k rhozrsps
Okpukad ?;k- okpukad vkf.k nzko.kkph rhozrk ;kapk vkys[k dk<k-
d`rh % 5 xzWe ekrhps otu ?ksowu rh 150 feyh- 'kadqik=ke/;s Vkdk- R;ke/;s
25 feyh- veksfu;e vflVsVps nzko.k Vkdwu gyo.kh ;a=koj 5 fefuVs gyok-
uarj rs lk/;k xkG.kh dkxnke/kwu xkGk- ;kpk okpukad yse QksVksehVjP;k
lkgk;kus ?;k- ;k midj.kko:u ikykkeqGs T;ksrhyk ;s.kk&;k dehtkLr
jaxkph rhozrk ekstrk ;srs- izekf.kr vkys[kko:u ikykkkps izek.k dk<k-
ojhy ukasnhapk mi;ksx [kkyhy lq=kr d:u gsDVjh miyC/k ikykk fdyksxzWe dk<k-
vdkZps vkdkjeku 2-24 x 106
miyC/k ikykk v x &&&&&&&&&&& x &&&&&&&&&&&
ekrhps otu 106
ikykk ihih,e x 11-2
;k miyC/k ikykkkP;k izek.kkpk okij d:u "kV~Lrjh; i/nrhus fidkalkBh ikykk;qDr [krkaph
ek=k Bjfork ;srs-
2- vkGs i/nr & gh i/nr izkeq[;kus QGckxse/;s okijyh tkrs- >kMkHkksorh xksy ok pkSdskuh okQs
d:u R;krwu >kMkauk ik.kh nsrkr- R;kr >kMkaP;k Qkn;kaP;k ?ksjkbrDh tehu fHk>sy ,o<sp vkGs d:u
R;kr ik.kh n;kos- vkGs i/nrhe/;s ik.;kph cpr gksrs-
3- ljh cjck i/nr & nksu QG>kMkP;k vksGhr l&;k ikMwu R;krwu ik.kh lksMwu ik.kh ns.;klkBh i/nr
ikpkR; nskkr okijkr vkgs- vkiY;kdMhy ckxk;rnkj ;k i/nrhus ik.kh nsr ukghr- e/;e izrhP;k
tfeuhrY;k QG>kMkauk ;k i/nrhus ik.kh ns.;kph fkQkjl dj.;kr ;srs- ljhrwu >kMkauk laFki.ks ik.kh
n;ko;kl gos R;keqGs ik.kh ljhrwu uqlrs u tkrk tfeuhr vktqcktwyk iljsy-
4- eVdk i/nr & jsrkM tfeuhr nf{k.k Hkkjrkr 'ksrdjh ik.;kus Hkjysys ekrhps eMds >kM;kaP;k
eqGkP;k {ks=kr Bsowu R;krwu f>ji.kk&;k vksykO;kus >kMkauk ik.kh iqjoBk djhr mapl[ky tfeuhrhy
>kMkauk ik.kh iqjoBk dj.;kph vR;ar lk/kh o LoLr i/nr vkgs- ;k i/nrhr etqj tkLr ykxrs-
^c* vk/kqfud i/nrh & vk/kqfud i/nrh rhu izdkjP;k vkgsr R;k iq<hyizek.ks-
1- fBcd flapu
2- Hkqi`"BkarxZr flapu
3- rq"kkj flapu
1- fBcd flapu & jksikaP;k fdaok >kMkaP;k eqGkP;k eqGkikkh fidkaP;k xjtsuqlkj FkasckFksackus lkj[;k
izek.kkr ik.kh ns.ks Eg.ktsp fBacd flapu i/nr gks;- ;k i/nrhr eq[; o brj ikbZi vkf.k uG;k
IykWfLVdP;k vlrkr- uG;koj Bjkfod varjkoj Nhnz vlwu R;krwu FkascFksac ik.kh >kMkP;k eqGkikkh fnys
tkrs-
fBcd flapu i/nrhps Qk;ns@xq.k/keZ
1- ik.kh deh osxkus fnys tkrs-
2- ik.kh cjkp osG vko;drsuqlkj fnys tkrs-
3- ik.kh gs fidkaP;k eqGkaP;k dk;Z {ks=kr fidkaP;k cqa/;ktoG fnys tkrs-
4- ik.kh gs vfrk; deh nkckus fnys tkrs-
fBcd
fBcd flapu i/nrhps Qk;ns
1- miyC/k ik.;kP;k dk;Z{kefjR;k okij-
2- fidkaph tksenkj ok< vkf.k mRiknukr y{k.kh; ok<-
3- fidkl tfeuhrhy {kkjkiklwu deh izek.kkr minzo-
4- [krs vkf.k brj jklk;fud nzO;kpk lqyHkrsus vkf.k dk;Z{kersus okij-
5- e;kZfnr r.kkaph ok< vkrajekkxrhr cpr-
6- fotsph rlsp eqtkjkaph cpr-
7- lq/kkfjr 'ksrh-
fBcd flapu i/nrhe/khy e;kZnk
1- i/nr dk;Zjr Bso.;klkBh dk;e dk;ZrRijrk-
2- fidkaP;k eqGkkstkjh {kkajkph lkBo.k-
3- fidkaP;k eqGkaph Bjkfod {ks=kr ok<-
4- eqyHkwr izpaM [kpZ
5- rksM;k vFkok lq{e uGhph rksaMs can gks.ks-
2- Hkqi`"BkraxZr flapu [Sub surface Irrigation] - fg i/nr QGckxklkBh ;ksX; vkgs- fg i/nr clforkuk
ik.kh xkG.;klkBh fQYVj dj.;klkBh okGw o Ldzhu ;k nksUgh fQYVjph vko;drk vlrs- laiq.kZi.ks
ik.;kr foj?kG.kkjh [krs ckW;okWy V;qce/kwu fidkaP;k izR;{k eqGktoG dk;Z{kei.ks iqjoyh tkrs- ;k
i/nrhyk ckW;okWy i/nr vls Eg.krs- vksGhus toG & toG varjkoj ykoY;k tk.kk&;k fidklkBh
Mhij ykokos- u ijoM.kkjh vukBk;h ckc Bjrs-
ckW;okWy i/nrhps Qk;ns &
1- ck"ihHkoukeqGs ik.;kps uqdlku gksr ukgh-
2- >kMkaP;k eqGkikkh ik.kh lkpY;keqGs gks.kkjs uqdlku gksr ukgh-
3- Ikk.kh ns.;klkBh naM vkf.k lk&;k dk<Y;keqGs th tfeu ok;k tkrs rh ok;k tkr ukgh-
4- vkarje'kkxr lqyHki.ks dsyh tkrs-
5- ns[kjs[khoj Qkjp deh [kpZ ;srks-
6- [krs ik.kh ;kapk iq.ki.ks >kMkdMwu okij gksrks-
3- rq"kkj flapu & ;k i/nrhr uG;kP;k lkg;kus nkck[kkyh 'ksrkr ik.kh vk.kwu rsFks rs fLizadyjP;k
lkg;kus loZ= mMfoys tkrs- tsFks ekrhph /kqi eksB;k izek.kkoj gksrs o tfeu leikrGhr ulrs rsFks gh
i/nr vR;ar lks;hps vlrs- ;k i/nrhus map l[ky tfeuhyk ik.kh iqjoBk djrk ;srks-
rksVs &
1- tksjkps okjs o m".k o dksjM;k gokekukr ik.;kps uqdlku gksrs-
2- flapuklkBh fotsph vko;drk vlrs-
izkR;f{kd 6 % tfeuh vkf.k fidkps izdkj y{kkr ?ksowu [krs ns.;kP;k i/nrh
vH;kl.ks-
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
tfeu vkf.k fidkps izdkj y{kkr ?ksowu fuoMysyh [krs vkf.k R;kaph ek=k ;ksX; i/nrhus ns.ks-
vfrk; egRokps vkgs- [krs ns.;kP;k izeq[k rhu i/nrh iq<hyizek.ks vkgsr-
1- tfeuhrwu [krs ns.ks-
2- fidkaoj Qokj.khrwu [kr ns.ks-
3- fc;k.ks rlsp eqGkoj [krkph izfdz;k dj.ks-
4- fBidk i/nr & ;k i/nrhe/;s izR;sd jksiktoG 3 rs 4 lsaseh [kksy tkxP;k tkxh [kqjI;kP;k lkg;kus
[krs ?kkyrkr- ;kyk fBidk i/nrh vls Eg.krkr- ykac varjkP;k fidkauk QGHkkT;kauk gh i/nr mi;qDr
vkgs-
5- vkGs i/nr & ;k i/nrhe/;s izR;sd jksiktoG 3 rs 4 lsaseh [kksy tkxP;k tkxh [kqjI;kus lkg;kus
[krs ?kkyrkr- ;kyk fBidk i/nrh vls Eg.krkr-
;k i/nrhe/;s [krs >kMkauk vkGs d:u nsrkr- vkGs ek= deh f=T;sps vlrs- foks"kd:u
osyoxhZ; QGHkkT;] iq"i 'ksrh ;klkBh gh i/nr okijrkr-
lkfgR; &
cknyh] IykWfLVdP;k nksu LoPN ckVY;k [1 yhVj {kersP;k]
d`rh &
1- ik.;kP;k uequk ?ks.;klkBh fofgjhph fufj{k.k djk- fofgjhph [kksyh o ik.;kph jax b-
2- ik.;kpk uequk ?ks.;klkBh vxksnjP;k fnokh ik.;kpk milk Ogko;kl gok-
3- uequk 'kD;rks lq;kZsn;kiqohZ ?ks.ks] ts.ksd:u loZ fujh{k.ks ?ksu rsFkhy ik.kh riklkos-
4- cknyh 'kD;rks fofgjhph fuEE;k [kksyhi;Zar usu rsFkhy ik.kh milkos-
uequk Hkj.;klkBh nksu IyWfLVdP;k cknY;k R;kp fofgjhP;k ik.;kus LoPN YwdyZ
?;k- ckVyhr ik.kh Hk:u rkcMrksc rikl.;klkBh iz;ksx 'kkGsr ikBokosr-
5- uequk ikBforkuk ckVY;koj iq<hyizek.ks yscy ykokos-
1- 'ksrd&;kps uko
2- uequk ?ksrY;kph rkjh[k
3- fofgjhph [kksyh
4- lOgsZ uacj
5- fofgjhps uko b-
ifj{k.k &
1- dkcksZusV dk<.ks
2- 'kadqik=kr 10 feyh- ik.;kpk uequk ?ksowu R;kr 25 feyh- m/oZikfrr ik.kh ?ksu 3 & 4
Fkasc {\$Zm\$W{bZ feJnkZd Q>mH$m. xqykch jax vkY;kl dkcksZusV vkgs gs letrs-
xqykch jax tk.;klkBh R;kr 0-01 1N H2SO4 cjkscj Qm`Q>oeZ
djk-
1- ck;dkcksZusV dk<.ks
1- 10 feyh ik.kh R;kr 25 feyh m/oZikfrr ik.kh 'kadqik=kr ?ks.ks- xqykch jax vlY;kl
ck;dkcksZusV vkgs] gs letrs-
2- R;klkBh ojhy nzko.kkr fefFky vkWjst Vkdwu xqykch jax u vkY;kl 0-01 VDds la;kpk
jax jks>hjMs gksbZi;Zar d`rh dj.ks] vkk izdkjs C;qjsVojhy okpu ?ks.ks-
vuqeku &
1- fQukWFkWfyu nkZd 3 & 4 Fkasc VkdY;kl nzko.kkl xqykch jax vkY;kl dkcksZusV vlrkr-
10 ml ik.;kpk
uequk
2- ck;dkcksZusVl & (meq/gm)
Z - 2y x H2SO4 (N) x 1000 ml
---------------------
10 ml
'ksjk &
fufj{k.ks
fufj{k.ks &
1- rkieku 25 C
2- EC 1.57 mS
3- T.D.S. 784.4 ( ppm)
4- PH 7.5 mS
5- ik.;kpk uequk 10 ml
izkR;f{kd 8 % fofo/k fidkaP;k ykxoMhlkBh jkucka/k.kh dj.ks-
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
mnnsk &
1- osxosxG;k fidkauk ;ksX; varjkoj ykxoM d:u R;kauk ,dk tkxso:u nql&;k tkxsoj lgtfjR;k
jksikaP;k Lo:ikrwu ykxoM djrk ;koh-
2- deh {ks=ke/;s tkLrkr tkLr Hkkyhikyk fids QG>kMs ;kaph ykxoM djrk ;koh-
3- ekkxr lgtfjR;k djrk ;koh-
4- ik.;kpk viO;; Fkkacokos rlsp jklk;fud [krkapk dehr deh okij djkok-
lkfgR; &
Vsi] nksjh] [kksjs] dqnG] fVdko] [kqaV-
ojhyizek.ks ekkxrhph dkes >kY;koj dks.kR;k fidkph ykxoM djko;kph vkgs gs Bjowu jkucka/k.kh
djrkr- Hkkyhikyk QG>kMs] Qy>kMs o brj dM/kkU;s o fOnny o r`.k/kkU;s bR;knh fids ykxoMhiqohZ
jkucka/k.khP;k ek/;ekrwu varj Bjowu isjyh tkrkr-
v- [kkyhyizek.ks jkucka/k.kh djrkr-
1- xknhokQs i/nr 2- likVokQs i/nr
3- ljh ojack i/nr 4- iVVk i/nr
5- vkGs i/nr 6- ukxeksMh i/nr
7- lyx i/nr
3- ljh ojack i/nr & ;k i/nrhe/;s 60 lsaeh iklwu 90 lsaeh i;Zar varjkoj Bsoys tkrs- foks"kr% ml
fidklkBh ljh ojckaP;k varj 3 QqV vlrs- ;ke/;s ukxeksMh i/nrhus tkrs- ek= eksdkV i/nr tkLrhr
tkLr ik.kh fidkauk okijkos ykxrs- ljG i/nrhe/;s nksUgh l&;kaph rksaMs eksdGh Bsorkr- Eg.ktsp nksUgh
Hkkxkrwu ik.kh Hkjiwj ik.kh lgtfjR;k ikgspw 'kdrs- ek= R;klkBh eksdkV i/nrhrhy Hkjiwj ik.kh ik.;kP;k
naMkr vlkoh-
mnk % fejph] okaxh] HksaMh] xokj bR;knh-
mnnsk &
okrkoj.kkrhy rkieku] itZU;eku] vknzZrk] izdkk rhozrk] ckIihHkou osx o ok&;kph fnkk o
osx ekstrs-
6- vknzZrk ekih & gose/khy vknzZRkk ekst.;klkBh gk;xzksfeVjpk mi;ksx djrkr ;ke/;s R;kps nksu
izdkj iMrkr-
1- 'kq"dcYc 2- osVcYc gk;xzksfeVjpk
7- ok;wHkkj ekih & okrkoj.kkrhy gospk nkc ekst.;klkBh ;k midj.kkpk mi;ksx dsyk tkrks-
cWjksfeVjps [kkyhy izdkj vkgsr-
1- QWkVhZul cWjksfeVj 2- fdaok iWVuZ cWjksfeVj 3- vukWjkbZM cWjksfeVj
Hkkjrh; gokeku foHkkxkr (IMD) fdaok iWVuZ cWjksfeVjpk ok;wHkkj ekst.;klkBh izkeq[;kus okij
djrkr-
8- izdkk rhozrk & i`Fohoj HkkSfrd o tSfod izfdz;k ?kM.;klkBh lw;Zizdkk gk izkFkfed mxe
vkgs- d`f"ke/;s ok< o fodkl izfdz;k ;k izR;{k o vizR;{kfjrk lw;Z fdj.kkoj izdkk voyacwu vlrs-
fid mRiknuke/;s izdkk rhozrk izr izek.k osG o dkyko/kh gs ikp izeq[k ?kVd vkgs- lkSj gh
dkcksZndke/;s izdkk lakks/ku fdz;sOnkjs :ikarjhr gksr vlrs-
izdkj & 1- bysDVhd lu lkbZu jsdkWMZj ekjfou VkUlehVj
2- dWEicsy LVksdl lulkbZu jsdkWMZj
mnnsk &
'ksrhe/kwu tkLrhr tkLr uQk feGfo.;klkBh miyC/k vlysyh tehu] Je] HkkaMoy o la?kVu
;kapk rkaf=d KkukP;k vk/kkjs larqyhr okij dj.ks] 'ksrhpk lfoLrj fgkksc Bsowu R;kapk O;oLFkkiukr okij
dk<.ks-
1- gtsjh i=d%& 'ksrhP;k dkeklkBh dkgh dk;eps o cjspks gaxkeh etwj jkstankjhoj okjaokj
ykokos ykxrkr- vkkosGh R;kaph jkstph gtsjh ekaM.ks vko;d vkgs- gh gtsjh ldkGh
dkekP;k lq:okrhl ekaMkoh o iqUgk ,dnk nqikjP;k lqekjkl loZ etwj dkekoj gtj vkgsr dh
ukghr ;kph rikl.kh djkoh- ;k loZ etqjkauk ixkjkiksVh jkst fdaok ojps oj mpy |koh ykxrs-
Eg.kwu gtsjhpk o mpyhpk vlk ,d= rikhy [kkyhy i/nrhus BsoY;kl vkBoM;k v[ksj
vxj efgukv[ksj izR;sd etwj fdrh fnol gtj gksrk R;kyk mpy tkowu ixkjiksVh fdrh iSls
|ko;kps vxj R;kp vaxkoj fdrh iSls vkgsr ;kph Li"V dYiuk ;srs-
vkBoMk &&&&&& rs &&&&&& efguk &&&&&& lu &&&&&&
2- jkstP;k dkekps rikhyi=d nSuafnuh%& 'ksrhr osGsoj dke gks.;kyk vR;ar egRo vkgs-
R;kn`"Vhus njjkst fdrh dke >kys rs vko; igkos o R;kapk rikhy [kkyhyizek.ks Bsokok-
Eg.kts dks.kR;k fidkP;k ckcrhr dks.kR;kfnokh dk; dke dsys rlsp jkstankjhojhy o dk;e
etqj dks.krs dke dfjr vkgs ;kph ekfgrh feGrs-
rkjh[k &&&&&&& okj &&&&&&&
3-
3- ekkxr i=d %& gs i=d izR;sd fidklkBh o IykWVlkBh osxosxGs Bsokos- gs
i=d [kkyhyizek.ks r;kj djkos o nSuafnu dkekph uksan djkoh-
IykWV fid {ks= ok.k mRiUu ,dq.k fidkps mRiUu fdrh tkLr
uacj fdaer vkys vlY;kl dkj.ks
eq[; mRiUu nq;e mRiUu
fDoaVy fdaer fDoaVy fdaer