HANDOUTS

For

Madina Book 1
Prepared by
The Institute of the Language of the Quran
(Toronto)

(NO Copy rights reserved)

Subject Page
Parts of the Speech . 1
The Arabic Alphabet . 2
Arabic Nouns Have Endings . 3
Nominal Sentence ... 4
Cases Exercises ... 5
Sound Triliteral Verbs ... 6
Jarun Wa Majroorun From Quran 8
Pronouns . 9
Pronouns-01-solved 10
Pronouns-01 12
Mudafu Mudafu Alei . 14
Mudadu Mudafu Alei From Quran 15
Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples . 16
Phrases 17
Feminine Gender 18
Adjectives 19
Nominal Sentence From Quran ... 22
Grammatical Analysis 23
Dual and Sound Plurals . 27
Broken Plurals 29
Singular-Dual-Plural . 33
Numbers .. 35
Types of Khabar . 37
Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet . 38
 Parts of the Speech
In English language there are 8 Parts of Speech namely:
Noun Pronoun

Verb Adjective

Adverb Preposition

Conjunction Interjection

In Arabic language there are 3 Parts of Speech:

= Noun = Verb
= Particle

But these three Parts encompass all eight Parts of Speech of the English Language.

Parts of Speech in Arabic Language

Particle
Verb Noun
Preposition =
Verb (same as in English) Noun =

Conjunction =

Pronoun =

Adjective =
/

Adverb =

Interjection =

Parts of the Speech.doc Page 1

 The Arabic Alphabet and Vowel Signs
The Arabic letters of the alphabet are twenty nine (29) in number, all of which, with exception of
Alif, are consonants.
Consonants means it has speech sound.

There are three vowel signs in Arabic.

FATAH () denoting a e.g. = da = ra

KASRAH () denoting i e.g. = di = ri

DUMMA () denoting u e.g. = du = ru

SUKUN () it is the sign denoting absence of a vowel.

A consonant that does not carry any vowel is marked by a Sukun.
In Arabic there are three (3) parts of speech.
(Noun) (Verb)
(Particle)

Arabic includes English nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Arabic is co-extensive with English verbs.

All words besides and are

- Particles.

(noun) may be indefinite ( ) or definite ( ) .

There are no definite or indefinite articles in Arabic language equivalent to English a, an, the.
Indefiniteness of is indicated by ( nunation at the end of the noun ) which means the
vowel sign is doubled at the end of the word.
Definiteness is indicated by prefixed to the noun.

a book a pen

the book the pen

Since cannot at the same time be definite and indefinite, and do not coexist.

and will be incorrect.

Tanween is also used with proper nouns i.e.

. Even though there is a
tanween at the end of the noun, these proper nouns are definite.

The Arabic Alphabet.doc Page 2

 Arabic nouns have ENDINGS
to show their functions in a sentence.
Just like us, when we go to office, Bank or factory for work we have work cloths or uniforms, when we
go for formal functions like weddings, Valimas or reception, we dress accordingly. When we are at
home, we wear different cloths and when we retire for the night to sleep, we put on sleeping dress.
In short, we dress according to what the occasion or function demands.
Similarly, the Nouns have different endings to show their function in a sentence. It can be a subject
( Nominative case or
ending ) or it can be an object of a verb ( Accusative case or

ending )
or it can be a possessor of a thing or come after a preposition or an adverb ( Genitive case or

ending ).

There are three endings of Noun (the vowel sign on the last letter of the noun).
1. Dammah


2. Fatah
3. Kasrah

1. When the last letter of a noun has a DAMMAH

It is said to be
(it indicates Nominative Case)
.
.

.

2. When the last letter of a noun has a FATAH

It is said to be

(it indicates Accusative Case)
. . .

3. When the last letter of a noun has a KASRAH

It is said to be
(it indicates Genitive Case)
. .

Please memorize the above ARABIC TERMS and watch carefully the
ENDING VOWEL SIGNS ON NOUNS TO KNOW ITS FUNCTION IN
THE SENTENCE.
Arabic Nouns Have Endings.doc Page 3
 Nominal Sentence (
)
What is a sentence?
Sentence is a group of words which make complete sense.
Muhammad is a student.
Hamid is sick.
The core ingredients of any sentence are a subject and a predicate. The subject names a person, a place
or a thing we are talking about. The predicate makes a statement about the subject. In other words the
predicate is the part of a sentence which expresses what is said about the subject.
In the above two sentences Muhammad and Hamid are subjects and is a student and is sick are
predicates.

In Arabic language there are two kinds of sentences.

The one which begins with a noun ( ) is called nominal sentence

And the one which begins with a verb ( ) is called verbal sentence

We shall discuss here only the nominal sentence.
A simple nominal sentence is of this form:
Zayd is learned.
Fatimah is learned.
The boy is intelligent.
The girl is beautiful.

Just like in English, a nominal sentence in Arabic has two parts:
Subject ( ) and Predicate (
)
The noun with which the nominal sentence begins is called ( ) subject, and the other part
which says something about it is called ( ) predicate.
Usually, the subject of a nominal sentence is a definite noun, either a proper noun like Zayd and
Fatimah , a noun with the definite article like and
or a pronoun.
The predicate is usually indefinite, and agrees in gender with the subject.

Both the subject and the predicate are marfu

, that is, it will have one dumma or tanween
(double) dumma.

Nominal Sentence.doc Page 4

Put the following nouns into their respective cases. First as indefinite then as definite nouns;
then change them into feminine nouns and do like wise. Do as shown in the examples.
FEMININE MASCULINE
Genitive Accusative Nominative Genitive Accusative Nominative

Cases Exercises.doc Page 5

 Paradigm of the Unaugmented Triliteral Verb



Group I - I Group I - A Group U - U Group A - A Group A - I Group A - U
( )

( ) ( ) ( )
( )

( )

:


: :
:


:


:

He
thought

He heard He became
noble He
opened
He struck
or hit

He helped

He
inherited
He
understood He moved
away He went
He sat
He wrote




He became He
He
He played larger, bowed He entered
washed
bigger down

He
He He He
memorized, He seeked
protected approached raised returned

He drank
He did He
descended He
prostrated

He
laughed

He
searched

He broke
He killed




He
became He cut He knew He studied
happy

He rode
He
gathered He lied
He lived
He
worked He
prevented He was
patient
He
thanked




He
He
He knew explained
triumphed , He cooked
overpowered

He showed
mercy upon He
succeeded
He carried He created
He
followed He
benefited He looked
He
began He left
He asked He
attended

He read He failed

He
provided ,
bestowed or

blessed

He
remembered
or mentioned

He
worshipped


He came
out or
exited
He
ordered
He ate
He took

Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 6

 The Conjugation of the Past Tense -
Please remember that in Arabic Verbs the doer of the action (
) is ALWAYS present. Either
attached or in its hidden form.

Suffix

He wrote
NIL

They (2 men) wrote

Alif of
Dual
(
)

They (more than 2 men) wrote

Waw of
Plural
()
Ta is the
She wrote sign of
feminine

They (2 women) wrote (

)+

Nun of the
They (more than 2 women) wrote women
kind

You (man) wrote

You (2 men) wrote
You (more than 2 men) wrote
You (woman) wrote




You (2 women) wrote
You (more than 2 women) wrote
I (male or female) wrote



We (male or female) wrote

- hidden, implied, understood, tacit. - The subject, i.e., the doer of the action.
The
of the third form (
) is not pronounced, though it must be written. It is called
( the
alif of protection). It protects verbs like
( they took) where the is not joined to the body of the
verb and therefore may be mistaken for the conjunction meaning and.

Out of the fourteen forms, in 12 forms the doer is attached (

). Only in two forms, i.e.,
and
it can be hidden or it comes after the verb in the sentence.

Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 7

 References from the Noble Quran for


belongs to,
by, at, in away from in to from on
for
2:8 And there are people (from men are) who say,
We believe in God and (in) the Last Day





17:1 From the Inviolable House of Worship [at
Mecca] to the far distant Place of Worship [at
Jerusalem]

24:58 before the prayer of daybreak

24:58 and after the prayer of night fall

2:10 In their hearts is a disease

2:17 and leaves them in utter darkness

2:27 and spread corruption in the earth


2:256 There shall be no coercion in matters of faith
2:284 Unto God belongs all that is in the heavens and
all that is in the earth.



3:6 He is Who shapes you in the wombs

3:46 and he shall speak unto men in his cradle

3:85 and in the life to come he shall be among (from)
the lost
5:41 Theirs shall be (to them belongs) ignominy in


this world, and (to them belongs) awesome suffering
in the life to come

5:54 who strive hard in Gods cause

Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur'an.doc Page 8

 Kinds of Pronouns
(Plural) /
(Singular)

and
Form
Form
Pronouns are either separate
Pronouns of Nasb and Jarr Pronouns of Raf
the attached form the separate form
or attached
.




Nasb

means they are


Raf means they are

The separate pronouns, also called
Jarr means they are



are

detached pronouns,
independent and are not attached to any
other word.


The attached pronouns


are not independent, but are always
attached to other words.

In the beginning of our studies we will
learn the basic forms. As we progress we
will learn them in greater details
in book III
.


The pronouns are (fixed), i.e.,
they are not declinable. They remain
stationary in one FORM.


But they do have one fixed form when
they are
and another fixed form
when they are

or
.
*

For

and
there is
only one form for attached pronouns

which we will study here.
* this is known as Ya of the first person
Pronouns.doc Page 9





)(plural )(singular
Muhammads

in Muhammads
book Pronouns
book
=
=





on in to from


in his book in the accusative in the
his book and genitive nominative
cases case

Please note: When a word ends with and we attach to it the pronoun
(of the speaker) it results in
) ( = ...
+
...

Pronouns-01-solved.doc Page 10







(plural) (singular)

in Muhammads Muhammads Pronouns
from, off,
house
=
house
=





at, by, near, at about, with, by,
with
the time when away from, in, at, on
for


concerning
in the in the
in his house his house accusative nominati
and genitive ve
cases case

Pronouns-01-solved.doc Page 11





(plural) (singular)
Muhammads

in Muhammads
book Pronouns
book
=
=




on in to from


in his book in the accusative in the
his book and genitive nominative
cases case

Please note: When a word ends with and we attach to it the pronoun
(of the speaker) it results in
... = ( )
+
...

Pronouns-01.doc Page 12







(plural) (singular)

in Muhammads Muhammads Pronouns
house
=
house
=




from, off,

at, by, near, at about, with, by,
with
the time when away from, in, at, on
for


concerning
in the in the
in his house his house accusative nominati
and genitive ve
cases case

Pronouns-01.doc Page 13
 The Possessive (or Genitive) Case -
More Examples from Quran and Hadith

Mudafu Mudafu Alei.doc Page 14

 References from the Noble Quran for -


114:1 Say you, I seek refuge in the Lord of all
mankind.


110:1 When the help of Allah comes

97:3 The Night of Power is better than a thousand
months.

78:37 From Him Who is the Lord of the universe
and the earth and all that is in between them.




12:38 That is a grace of Allah upon us and upon
mankind.



85:10 and for them is the torment of fire


2:39 They are the people of the hell.



24:35 Allah is the light of the heavens and the
earth.



50:42 This is the day of coming forth from the
graves.



7:73 This is the she camel of Allah.
9:30 and the Christians said Masih (Christ) is the
son of Allah.
:

6:127 For them is the home of safety.
39:10 and Allahs earth is spacious.

48:29 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

2:252 These are the verses (Signs, Portents) of
Allah.


10:25 and Allah calls towards the home of peace.
40:55/77 Therefore have patience (O Muhammad).
Lo (surely,certainly)! The promise of Allah is true.

Mudafu Mudafu Alei From Qur'an.doc Page 15

 Some Complex Examples of

Please analyze them

Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples.doc Page 16


The Phrase




(
+
) (
+
)
Adverbial Phrase Prepositional Phrase
(adverb followed by a noun or pronoun) (preposition followed by a noun or pronoun)

Adverb Preposition

in front above in to from on

behind under by for away from

.


( .
(

.

( .
(

.



( .
(

.

( .

(

Please remember that

( Phrase), such as

( Prepositional phrases ) and

( Adverbial phrases ),
can never be (Subject ) even though a sentence may begin with it.
The subject of a nominal sentence must be a noun or pronoun.

Phrases.doc Page 17
 Feminine Gender (
)
a) The usual feminine ending, as said in the first lesson, is ( closed
Ta ) , e.g. , a cow, a village,
safety.
However, two feminine nouns have a long ( open Ta )
at the end. They are:
sister,
daughter.
b) The second feminine ending is known as alif maqrah ( )
short alif which is pronounced as , e.g. , ( names of
women ),
( smaller,f. ), ( greater,f. ).
c) The third feminine ending is called alif mamddah ( ) ,
long alif which is hamzah preceded by alif, e.g. ( name of a
woman ), ( blind woman ), ( beautiful woman ).
d) There are, however, feminine nouns that do not have any of these
endings. They may be classified in the following categories:
1. Names of women, e.g.


2. Females, e.g.
mother,
bride, she ass.
3. Parts of the body that are double, e.g.
eye, hand, ear,
arm, foot, leg
shank.
4. Names of towns and countries, e.g.
Egypt, Syria, India.
5. Some everyday words, e.g.
house, fire,
wind,
sky,
sun,
war,

earth,
soul, way,path.
All the nouns that do not fall in these categories are masculine. You may also say that all
nouns are masculine except those that belong to these categories.

Feminine Gender.doc Page 18

 Some Examples of Adjectives
Please analyze them carefully and try to figure out the


and then translate them into English

Adjectives.doc Page 19
 The Exercises in the Adjectives Translate into Arabic
1. A big book and a small pen.

2. The big book and the small pen.

3. A new desk and the old school.

4. A small pen and the small book.

5. The old house and a new door.

6. The tall boy and a short girl.

7. The tall girl and the small boy.

8. An old chair and the new room.

9. The big girl and the small boy.

10. The short chair and a long desk.

11. A big book. On a big book.

12. The small school. In the small school.

13. From the old desk. On the new chair.

14. An old house. In the new school.

15. A big knife and the long key.

16. On the short boy. From an old friend.

17. The big room. On the big mountain.

18. A long street. In the small car.

19. The big book is on the new desk.

20. Hamid is a short boy and Khadijah is
a tall girl.
21. Hamid is in the big house and
Khadijah is in the old car.
22. The pen is on the new desk and the
book is on the old chair.

Adjectives.doc Page 20
 Some references from the Quran for Adjectives ( )
5:15 Undoubtedly, there has to come to you from
Allah light and a luminous Book. .

4:13 And that is the great success. .

12:40 This is the right religion

45:10 And for them is a great torment. .

49:3 For them is forgiveness and a great reward. .
68:4 And undoubtedly, you possess excellent manners. .

8:74 For them is forgiveness and honourable provision. .

44:17 and an honourable Messenger came to them. .
2:219 in both there is great sin
28:23 and our father is very old. .

1:5 Guide us in the straight path. .


42:26 And for the infidels there is a severe torment. .

85:21 22 But it is a glorious Quran. In well guarded
tablet. .

.

61:13 help from Allah and a near victory



26:195 In plain Arabic speech. .
24:12 and say: it is a manifest untruth. .

41:44 They are like those who are called from a far off
place. .

18:46 The wealth and sons are an adornment of the
worldly life

18:46 and the good deeds that endure are better in the



sight of your Lord for reward and better in respect of
hope.
.
59:24 His are the Most beautiful names. .

Adjectives.doc Page 21
 Examples of Simple Sentences from Quran
85:21 It is a glorious Qur'an


21:24 This is a reminder
21:50 This is a blessed reminder
20:112 He is a believer
6:16 He is one God
19:36 This is a straight way


11:77 This is a day
11:103 That is a day

2:2 That is the Book


43:30 They said: This is sorcery (mere magic)
:
44:44 This (will be) a painful torment

46:12 This is a confirming Scripture



50:2 The disbelievers say: This is a strange thing.

:
53:56 This is a warner
54:8 The disbelievers will say: This is a hard day.
:
77:38 This is the Day of Decision

11:103 That (will be) a Day of Testimony


16:116 This is lawful and this is forbidden
14:52 This is a Message for mankind

Nominal Sentence From Qur'an.doc Page 22

 Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences
The pen IS broken.
This IS a book.

= =
=
=

The bag IS under the desk.



The book IS on the desk.


=
=


-
=


=


=

=


(
)
The merchants house IS in
front of the Mosque.


The Quran IS the book of Allah.


=
=


=
=


-
=

-


=


=

This bicycle belongs to (IS
This house belongs to (IS
for) the son of the
for) the teacher.
muadhdhin.

= =
= =


=
=


=
=

.

=
(
)

) (
THE ARABIC LANGUAGE IS easy. THE ARABIC IS an easy language.
= =

= =
=
=

Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 23

 Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences
My father IS a big merchant. The broken chair
IS in that room.



=
=


=

=

=
=

=
=

= .

(
)
My brothers room IS in front of
my room. He has a car (a car IS with him) .

=
-
=



=
.

=


=
=

-
=



= These ARE teachers.
.

=
=
=
I AM in the secondary school. I have one brother (belongs to me
one brother).

=
=

= .
=


=
) (
.
= =


) (
=

= =


=
=

=

=



-


= .

-


=

(
)

Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 24

 Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences






The new students
WENT to the Amina WENT to the school.
mosque.

=
=

=

=


=

=

= ) ( Hidden Pronoun ) (

=

=
=

=

=

(
)
(
)

These men ARE
Their father IS the IMAM of
farmers from my
this mosque.
village.

=
=


= =

= =



=
=
=


=

Those tall
men ARE
new


=

engineers.

The new students
=
WENT to the
restaurant.

= =


=
=

=
=


= = ) (
These young men ARE
brothers .
=
=
=
=
) (
=

Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 25

 Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences



=
=




=

=


=

=

= =


=
=

) (
=




) (





=
=


=

=
.
-


= =


) (
=

=


=


=


=



=

(

)
=

=



=

=

=
=

-


=
=

) (
=
=

) (

= -

=

=
=

) (

=

=


=

= (

)
=

Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 26

 The Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals
Please change the following nouns into Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals and put them into their cases as
shown in the example.
FEMININE MASCULINE Singular
Genitive Accusative Nominative Genitive Accusative Nominative Dual






Plural

Dual and Sound Plurals.doc Page 27
 The Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals
FEMININE MASCULINE Singular
Genitive Accusative Nominative Genitive Accusative Nominative Dual






Plural

Dual and Sound Plurals.doc Page 28

 The Broken Plurals =

Sheik
Child Man
Student

Guest

Son Great
Big Merchant
Field Paternal
Uncle
Small

Pilgrim

Heart

Spouse
Husband
Short

Rider
Passenger


Star
Father
Tall Unbeliever

House

Pen

Weak

Worker

Lesson

Door
Mountain

Monetary
coin
River

Dog

Pocket
Day Sea

Letter
Colour
Country
King
Rain

Difficult

Sword

Time

Knowledge

Companion


Palace
Name
Infant
Example
Light

Broken Plurals.doc Page 29

 The Broken Plurals =











Rich
Colleague New Youth

Friend
Poor
Book
Brother

Strong Learned Donkey
Intelligent Minister Bed
Prophet Ambassador Messenger
Near
Governor
Chief City
Doctor
Grandson Ship

Way

Broken Plurals.doc Page 30

 The Broken Plurals =









Month Question
Key
Notebook
Leg
Foot Answer
Kerchief
Desk

Soul
Self
Example Cup
Hotel

Arm
Food
Box
Crate

Masjid

Column Chair

Garment

Ruler


School
Minute
Residence
Dwelling
Factory



Planet


Assembly


Essence
Substance

Experiment

Broken Plurals.doc Page 31

 The Broken Plurals =

Shirt

Country

Broken Plurals.doc Page 32

 Singular, Dual and Plural
.
.

. .
.
.
. .

. .

. .

.
.

.
.

Singular-Dual-Plural.doc Page 33
 Singular, Dual and Plural
. .

.

.

. .

.

.

.
.

.
.

Singular-Dual-Plural.doc Page 34
 Numbers from 1 to 10 in Arabic
Rule # 1
Numbers 1 (one) and 2 (two) always come as adjectives




Rule # 2
The numbers from 3 to 10 ( ) come as

The things counted ( ) come as

Rule # 3
From #3 to #10 the ( the things counted ) will always be plural
Rule # 4 If the thing counted ( ) is masculine , the number ( ) will be feminine.

If the thing counted ( ) is feminine, the number ( ) will be masculine.

With feminine With masculine Counting without
(the thing counted) (the thing counted) Feminine Masculine

1
2

3
4


5

6
7
8


9



10

Numbers.doc Page 35
 Examples of Numbers from 3 to 10 from the Quran (
)
19:
10




11:
65
24:
6


9:2


3:
125






7:
54



12:
43



15:
44


28:
27



69:
7
17:
101




27:
48





6:
160




5:
89

Numbers.doc Page 36

)One Word (Not a sentence

.



.
Type of Khabar

Nominal Sentence

.

.

Verbal Sentence

.

.

The Phrase coming as a Khabar

+

Adverbial Phrase Prepositional Phrase
.


.

.


.

Types of Khabar Page 37

 : (Group: ) : )(Root letters of the verb : )(Verb

Will not do Didnt do Dont do Must do

: )(Verbal Noun : )(Passive Participle : )(Active Participle

Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet Page 38