The effect of anaerobic fermentation processing of cattle waste for biogas as a

renewable energy resources on the number of contaminant microorganism

Tb. Benito A. Kurnani, Yuli Astuti Hidayati, Eulis Tanti Marlina, and Ellin Harlia

Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1712, 050017 (2016); doi: 10.1063/1.4941900

View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4941900
View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/apc/1712/1
Published by the American Institute of Physics

Articles you may be interested in

Development of aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition for thin film fabrication
AIP Conference Proceedings 1712, 030002 (2016); 10.1063/1.4941867

The optical band gap investigation of PVP-capped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method
AIP Conference Proceedings 1712, 050018 (2016); 10.1063/1.4941901
 7KH(IIHFWRI$QDHURELF)HUPHQWDWLRQ3URFHVVLQJRI&DWWOH
:DVWHIRU%LRJDVDVD5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\5HVRXUFHVRQWKH
1XPEHURI&RQWDPLQDQW0LFURRUJDQLVP
7E%HQLWR$.XUQDQLD<XOL$VWXWL+LGD\DWL(XOLV7DQWL0DUOLQDEDQG(OOLQ
+DUOLD

Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21,

Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia

D
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUWEEHQLWR#\DKRRFRP
b)
PDUOLQDOLVWDQWL#JPDLOFRP

$EVWUDFW %HHI FDWWOH ZDVWH KDV D SRVLWLYH SRWHQWLDOWKDW FDQEH H[SORLWHG DV ZHOO DV D QHJDWLYH SRWHQWLDO WKDW PXVW EH
FRQWUROOHG VR DV QRW WR SROOXWH WKH HQYLURQPHQW %HHI FDWWOH ZDVWH FDQ EH SURFHVVHG LQWR DQ DOWHUQDWLYH HQHUJ\ QDPHO\
ELRJDV$QDHURELFWUHDWPHQWRIOLYHVWRFNZDVWHWRSURGXFHJDVFDQEHDVROXWLRQLQSURYLGLQJRSWLRQDOHQHUJ\ZKLOHWKH
UHVXOWHGVOXGJHDVWKHIHUPHQWDWLRQUHVLGXHFDQEHXVHGDVRUJDQLFIHUWLOL]HUIRUFURSV+RZHYHUWKLVVOXGJHPD\FRQWDLQW
SDWRJHQLF PLFURRUJDQLVP WKDW ZLOO GDPDJH KXPDQ DQG HQYLURQPHW KHDOW 7KHUHIRU WKLV VWXG\ ZDV DLPHG WR NQRZ WKH
SRWHQF\ RI EHHI FDWWOH ZDVWH WR SURGXFH ELRJDV DQG WKH GHFUHDVH RI WKH PLFURRUJDQLVP
V QXPEHU E\ XVLQJ IL[HG GRPH
GLJHVWHU  %HHI FDWWOH ZDVWH ZDV SURFHVVHG LQWR ELRJDV XVLQJ IL[HG GRPH GLJHVWHU ZLWK D FDSDFLW\ RI  P %LRJDV
FRPSRVLWLRQZDVPHDVXUHGXVLQJ*DV&URPDWRJUDILZLOOPLFURRUJDQLVPVSHFLHVZDVLGHQWLILHGXVLQJ7RWDOSODWH&RXQW
0HWKRGH7KHUHVXOWRIWKLVVWXG\VKRZVWKDWWKHSURGXFHGELRJDVFRQWDLQVRI0RO&+0RO1DQG
 0RO &2 )XUWKHUPRU WKLV VWXG\ VKRZ WKDW WKH DQDHURELF IHUPUQWDWLRQ  SURFHVV LV FDSDEOH RI UHGXFLQJ
PLFURRUJDQLVPVWKDWFRXOGSRWHQWLDOO\SROOXWHWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KHQXPEHURIEscherichia coliDQGSamonellaVSZHUH
031POUHVSHFWLYHO\VDYHIRUHQYLURQPHQW7KLVSURFHVVFDQUHGXFHWKHDPRXQWRIPROGV7KHRQO\PROGV
VWLOOH[LVWHGDIWHUIHUPHQWDWLRQZDVA.fumigatus7KHQXPEHURISURWR]RDFDQEHUHGXFHGLQRUGHURI3URWR]RD
WKDWFDQEHLGHQWLILHGLQFDWWOHZDVWHEHIRUHDQGDIWHUDQDHURELFIHUPHQWDWLRQZDVPHUHO\Eimeria sp..7KHSURFHVVDOVR
UHGXFHG WKH \HDVW RI   7KH UHPDLQLQJ \HDVW DIWHU IHUPHQWDWLRQ ZDV  Candida VS  )LQDOO\ DERXW  RI
HQGRSDUDVLWHV ZDV UHGXFHG E\ WKLV SURFHVV ,Q WKLV FDVH HYHU\ WUHPDWRGH DQG FHVWRGD ZHUH  UHGXFHG ZKLOH WKH
QHPDWRGHRQO\5HGXFLQJVRPHPLFURRUJDQLVPVWKDWKDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOWRSROOXWHWKHHQYLURQPHQWVLJQLILHVVOXGJH
DQDHURELFIHUPHQWDWLRQUHVLGXHLVVDIHWREHDSSOLHGDVRUJDQLFIHUWLOL]HUIRUFURSV

,1752'8&7,21
1RZDGD\V HQHUJ\ FULVLV DQG JOREDO ZDUPLQJ DUH EHFRPLQJ WKH PRVW FRQFHUQHG JOREDO HQYLURQPHQWDO LVVXHV
LQFOXGLQJLQ,QGRQHVLD(QHUJ\FULVLVGLUHFWO\LPSDFWHGRQIXHOSULFHZKLOHJOREDOZDUPLQJUHVXOWHGLQXQSUHGLFWHG
FOLPDWH FKDQJH $V RQH RI WKH DJULFXOWXUH VHFWRUV OLYHVWRFN LQGXVWULHV FRQWULEXWH JUHDWO\ WR WKH JOREDO ZDUQLQJ E\
SURGXFLQJJUHHQKRXVHJDVVHV7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWJUHHQKRXVHJDVSURGXFHGE\WKHGHFRPSRVLWLRQRIDQLPDOZDVWH
LQDQDHURELFFRQGLWLRQLVPHWKDQH&+(YHU\\HDUDQLPDOZDVWHVUHOHDVHDSSUR[LPDWHO\PLOOLRQWRQRI&+>@
,Q ,QGRQHVLD PHWKDQH LV PRVWO\ HPLWWHG IURP EHHI FDWWOH ZDVWH GXH WR WKH FDWWOH SRSXODWLRQ ,Q  WKHUH ZHUH
DERXWWKRXVDQGVKHDGVRIEHHIFDWWOHLQ,QGRQHVLD>@$OWKRXJKLWLVWKHVHFRQGWRJRDWSRSXODWLRQEHHI
FDWWOHSURGXFHPRUHIHFHVVLQFHLWSURGXFHVIHFHVDERXWRIWKHERG\ZHLJKWGD\>@%HVLGHVEHHIFDWWOHZDVWHLV
DOVR WKH SRWHQWLDO VRXUFH RI LQIHFWLYH PLFURRUJDQLVPV  WKDW PD\ FDXVH JURXQG ZDWHU SROOXWLRQ >  @7KH PRVW
]RRQRWLF SDWKRJHQV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK FDWWOH DUH ZHOO GHVFULEHG WKURXJKRXW WKH OLWHUDWXUH HVSHFLDOO\ WKRVH RI PDMRU
KHDOWK VLJQLILFDQFH LQFOXGLQJ  SDWKRJHQLF EDFWHULD VXFK DV Campylobacter VS Listeria monocytogenes E. coli
Salmonella entericaYersiniaVSLeptospiraVSCoxiella brunettiMycobacterium aviumVXEVSParatuberculosis

2nd Padjadjaran International Physics Symposium 2015 (PIPS-2015)

AIP Conf. Proc. 1712, 050017-1050017-4; doi: 10.1063/1.4941900
2016 AIP Publishing LLC 978-0-7354-1359-7/$30.00

050017-1
DQGWKHSDUDVLWLFSURWR]RD>@6RPHHQGRSDUDVLWHVXFKDVTrematoda, Ascaris suum, Taenia sp, Trichuris suis,
Hookworm sp., Oesophagostomum dentatum, DQG Strongylus rubidusDUHDOVRIUHTXHQWO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKFDWWOHZDVWH
>@7KHUHIRUHLQRUGHUWRPLWLJDWHWKHJUHHQKRXVHJDVHPLVVLRQDQGJOREDOZDUPLQJEHHIFDWWOHIHFHVVKRXOGEH
PDQDJHGDSSURSULDWHO\
2QHRIWKHEHHIFDWWOHZDVWHsPDQDJHPHQWPHWKRGVLVFRQYHUWLQJRUJDQLFVXEVWDQFHFRQWDLQHGLQWKHZDVWHLQWR
ELRJDVXVLQJDQDHURELFIHUPHQWDWLRQ>@,QDGGLWLRQWRHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQWKLVSURFHVVDOVRUHVXOWVVRPHDPRXQWRI
VOXGJH WKDW FDQ EH XVHG DV IHUWLOL]HU7KLV VOXGJH LV ULFK LQ SODQW  QXWULHQWV VXFK DV 1 3 DQG .>@  'XULQJ WKH
SURFHVV RI IHUPHQWDWLRQ WKHUH LV DQ HQYLURQPHQWDO FKDQJH LQ WKH GLJHVWHU QDPHO\ S+ DQG WHPSHUDWXUH DQG WKH
FKDQJLQJ RI R[\JHQ FRQWHQW RI WKH VXEVWUDWH IURP DHUREH WR DQDHUREH FRQGLWLRQ WKDW UHGXFHV WKH QXPEHU RI
SDWKRJHQLFPLFURRUJDQLVPV7KHIHUPHQWDWLRQSURFHVVFDQEHGRQHLQDGLJHVWHU8SWRQRZWKHUHDUHVRPHW\SHVRI
GLJHVWHUVDPRQJRWKHUVLVIL[HGGRPH7KLVGLJHVWHULVWKHZHOONQRZQRQHGXHWRWKHLUUHODWLYHVLPSOLFLW\DQGXVH
RI UHDGLO\ DYDLODEOH PDWHULDOV +RZHYHU WKH XVH RI WKLV GLJHVWHU LQ ,QGRQHVLD LV VWLOO OLPLWHG VR WKDW LQIRUPDWLRQ
FRQFHUQLQJELRJDVSURGXFWLRQXVLQJIL[HGGRPHGLJHVWHULVDOVRYHU\OLPLWHG
7KHFRQYHUVLRQRIEHHIFDWWOHZDVWHWRDOWHUQDWLYHHQHUJ\LQIL[HGGRPHGLJHVWHULQDGGLWLRQWRWKHSURGXFWLRQRI
ELRJDV VKRXOG DOVR FRQFHUQ WKH LPSDFW RI PLFURRUJDQLVPV LQ WKH ZDVWH DQG VOXGJH RQ WKH HQYLURQPHQWDO KHDOWK
+RZHYHU7KHUH LV QR LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ PLFURRUJDQVP SRSXODWLRQ EHIRUH DQG DIWHU ELRJDV SURGXFWLRQ
7KHUHIRUHWKLVVWXG\LVORRNLQJIRUWKHSDWKRJHQLFPLFURRUJDQLVPDQGHQGRSDUDVLWHUHGXFWLRQLQELRJDVVOXGJH

0$7(5,$/6$1'0(7+2'6
%LRJDV ZDV SURGXFHG LQ WKH IL[HG GRPH GLJHVWHU RI  P  7KH DQDHURELF IHUPHQWDWLRQ ZDV SHUIRUPHG LQ 
GD\V 7KH TXDQWLW\ RI SURGXFHG ELRJDV ZDV PHDVXUHG XVLQJ *DV &KURPDWRJUDSK\ 7R FDOFXODWH DQG LGHQWLI\
PLFURRUJDQLVPVVRPH PHGLXPVZHUH XVHGQDPHO\(0%$DQG%*/%%IRU (&ROLDQG6DOPRQHOODVS3'$IRU
PROGV DQG 0($0DOW (NVWUDFW $JDU IRU \HDVW  7KH QXPEHU RI  EDFWHULD ZDV HQXPHUDWHG XVLQJ WKH 7RWDO 3ODWH
&RXQW73&PHWKRG3URWR]RDDQGHQGRSDUDVLWHHJJVZHUHLQVSHFWHGXVLQJ:KLWORFNDQG0LFURFURVFRSLFPHWKRGV
ZKLOHLWVODUYDZDVLQVSHFWHGXVLQJ.DZDUDPHWKRG6DPSOHVIRUPLFURRUJDQLVPDQDO\VLVZHUHWDNHQIURPWKHLQOHW
DQG RXWOHW RI WKH GLJHVWHU 7KH VDPSOHV ZHUH PDUNHG WR HQVXUH WKH DSSURSULDWH VDPSOHV 7KH FROOHFWHG GDWD ZHUH
FRPSDUHGWRWKHDYDLODEOHVWDQGDUGRIHJJVDQGODUYDH>@ 

5(68/7$1'',6&86S,21
7KH FRPSRVLWLRQ RI JDV SURGXFHG GHVFULEHV WKDW WKH IHUPHQWDWLRQ SURFHVV LQ WKH GLJHVWHU LV UXQQLQJ ZHOO
0HWKDQHJDVIRUPLQJPLFURRUJDQLVPDFWLYLWLHVGHJUDGHVRUJDQLFVXEVWDQFHVLQWRELRJDVZLWKPHWKDQHFRQWHQWRI
7KHUHVXOWRIVWXG\VKRZVWKDWWKHSURGXFHGJDVFRQWDLQVLGHDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIJDVVHVIRUJHQHUDWLQJWKHKLJK
DPRXQWRIHQHUJ\7DEOH
7$%/(%LRJDV&RPSRVLWLRQ5HVXOWHGIURP)L[HG'RPH
1R *DV 3HUFHQWDJH0RO
 0HWKDQH 
 1LWURJHQ 
 &DUERQGLR[\GH 

7KHVLJQLILFDQWSHUFHQWDJHRIPHWKDQH0ROZDVFDXVHGE\WKHKLJKDFWLYLW\RIPHWKDQRJHQLFEDFWHULD

LQFRQYHUWLQJRUJDQLFVXEVWDQFHV7KLVVKRZVWKDWWKHFRQGLWLRQVLQWKHGLJHVWHUVXSSRUWWKHJURZWKRIEDFWHULDHLWKHU
PHVRSKLOLFR&RUWKHUPRSKLOLFR&
%DFWHULD VXFK DV E. coli DQG Salmonella sp FDQ EH XVHG DV DQ LQGLFDWRU RI HQYLURQPHQWDO VDQLWDWLRQ 7KH
H[LVWHQFH RI WKH EDFWHULD LQ WKH HQYLURQPHQW ZLOO FDXVH JURXQG ZDWHU SROOXWLRQ 7KH UHVXOW RI VWXG\ VKRZV WKH
UHGXFWLRQ RI 6DOPRQHOOD VS QXPEHU LQ WKH VOXGJH LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH VOXGJH LV VDYHG WR EH DQ RUJDQLF IHUWLOL]HU
$OWKRXJKSamonella spFDQOLYHXQGHUKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHEXWVKRUWO\DIWHULWZLOOEHFRPHLQDFWLYHLQWKHUPRSKLOLF
FRQGLWLRQ RI GLJHVWHU >@  %LRJDV VOXGJH LV DSSOLHG WR WKH VRLO DV WKH VRXUFH RI QXWULWLRQ +RZHYHU LW VKRXOG EH
HQVXUHGWKDWWKHIHUWLOL]HUFRQWDLQVDVPDOOQXPEHURISDWKRJHQLFEDFWHULDEHORZWKUHVKROGOLPLWYDOXH7KHUHDUHVL[
VSHFLHVRIPROGVIRXQGLQWKHLQOHWYL]Aspergillus flavusMucor plumbeusAureobasidian pullulansAspergillus
nigerAspergillus fumigatusMonilia sitophila+RZHYHUAspergillus flavusFDQQRWEHGHWHFWHGDJDLQLQWKHRXWOHW
RIWKHGLJHVWHU7DEOH

050017-2
 Eimeria sp.LVWKHRQO\SURWR]RDVSHFLHVWKDWFDQEHLGHQWLILHGLQWKHLQOHWDQGRXWOHWRIWKHGLJHVWHUDOWKRXJKWKH
SHUFHQWDJH RI WKH UHGXFWLRQ QXPEHU RI WKH SURWR]RD LV YHU\ KLJK LH  >@ 6RPH \HDVWV SUHVHQW LQ WKH
GLJHVWHULQOHWDUHCandida spTrichosporon spRhodotorula spEXWRQO\Candida sp. LVIRXQGLQWKHRXWOHW 6RPH
RI&DQGLGD
VVSHFLHVDUHSDWKRJHQLF >@ )RXUHQGRSDUDVLWHVDUHIRXQGLQWKHLQOHWWKDWDUH Strongylus sp Fasciolla
sp Paramphistonum sp DQG Moniezia sp KRZHYHU RQO\ Strongylus sp ZKLFK UHPDLQ DOLYH LQ WKH RXWOHW RI
GLJHVWHU $OPRVWDOOHQGRSDUDVLWHVFDQEHHOLPLQDWHGE\DQDHURELFIHUPHQWDWLRQ>@
7$%/( 7\SHDQG1XPEHURI0LFURRUJDQLVP)RXQGLQWKH%LRJDV6OXGJH
0LFURRUJDQLVP 1XPEHU 8QLW 6WDQGDUG 5HGXFWLRQ
,QOHW 2XWOHW 
%DFWHULD (VFKHULFKLDFROL   031PO  
6DOPRQHOODVS  QG 031PO 
0ROGV   &)8J 
3URWR]RD (LPHULDVS   RRF\VWVJ 
<HDVW   &)8J 
6WURQJ\OXVVS   (3*J 
)DVFLRODVS   (3*J 
3DUDPSKLVWRQXPVS   (3*J 
0RQLH]LDVS   (3*J 
6RXUFH  0LQLVWU\RI$JULFXOWXUH'HFUHH1R3HUPHQWDQ65
QGQRWGHWHFWHG

7KH UHGXFWLRQV RI VSHFLHV DUH FDXVHG E\ WKH FKDQJH RI GLJHVWHU HQYLURQPHQW VXFK DV WHPSHUDWXUH DQG S+ ,Q
JHQHUDO SDWKRJHQLF PLFURRUJDQLVPV DUH VHQVLWLYH WR WKH FKDQJH RI WHPSHUDWXUH DQG S+ >@  0ROGV IRXQG LQ WKH
LQOHWLVDOVRIRXQGLQWKH RXWOHW*HQHUDOO\ PROGVUHTXLUHV KLJKZDWHUFRQWHQWWRVXSSRUWLWVOLYHEXWWROHUDQFHVWR
WHPSHUDWXUH DQG S+ FKDQJHV LQ WKH GLJHVWHU 7KLV PD\ GXH WR WKH DELOLW\ RI PROGV WR GR DFFOLPDWL]DWLRQ WR
HQYLURQPHQWDOFKDQJHLQWKHGLJHVWHU >@
7$%/( 0LFURRUJDQLVPLQWKH%LRJDV6OXGJH
6SHFLHV
0LNURRUJDQLVP
,QOHW 2XWOHW
0ROGV Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus flavus
Mucor plumbeus Mucor plumbeus
Aureobasidian pullulans Aureobasidian pullulans
Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus fumigatus -
Monilia sitophila Monilia sitophila
3URWR]RD Eimeria VS Eimeria VS
<HDVW Candida VS. Candida sp.
Trichosporon VS.
Rhodotorula VS.
(QGRSDUDVLWH
1HPDWRGD Strongylus VS. Strongylus VS.
7UHPDWRGD Fasciola VS -
Paramphistomum sS -
&HVWRGD Moniezia sp. -

6800$5<
%LRFRQYHUVLRQRIEHHIFDWWOHZDVWHXVLQJIL[HGGRPHGLJHVWHUSURYLGHVKLJKTXDOLW\ELRJDVYDOXHZLWKRI
PHWKDQH0RVWRIPLFURRUJDQLVPVQXPEHUVDQGVSHFLHVDUH UHGXFHGE\WKHDQDHURELFIHUPHQWDWLRQLQWKHGLJHVWHU
LQFOXGHV Escherichia coli QXPEHU LV UHGXFHG WR   031PO PROGV Aspergillus flavus, Mucor plumbeus,
Aureobasidian pullulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Monilia sitophila  DUH UHGXFHG E\ 
SURWR]RDEimeria VS LV UHGXFHG E\  \HDVWCandida VSLVUHGXFHGE\ DQGHQGRSDUDVLWH Strobgylus

050017-3
VS LV UHGXFHG  E\   7KH UHPDLQLQJ QXPEHU RI PLFURRUJDQLVP DUH EHORZ WKH WKUHVKROG OLPLW YDOXH ZKLFK
PDNHVWKHVOXGJHVDIHWREHDSSOLHGDVIHUWLOL]HU

$&.12:/('*(0(17 
,Q SDUWLFXODU WKH DXWKRUV SURIRXQGO\ LQGHEWHG WR 7KH 'LUHFWRU RI 5HVHDUFK DQG &RPPXQLW\ 6HUYLFH ,QVWLWXWH
'530DQGWKH&RRUGLQDWRURI(QHUJ\3LOODU8QLYHUVLWDV3DGMDGMDUDQZKRVXSSRUWHGDQGPDGHWKLVVWXG\SRVVLEOH
0DQ\WKDQNVDOVRWR$GH)LWUL'DPD\DQWL9LND1XU$IOLDQL1RYDO\WD1XJUDKHQL1XULFD9HUQLQGDDQG7RIDZKR
KHOSHGDUUDQJHDQGFROOHFWWKHGDWD

5()(5(1&(6
 + 6WHLQIHOG 3 *HUEHU 7 :DVVHQDDU  9 &DVWHO 0 5RVDOHV DQG & GH +DDQ LLYHVWRFN UROH LQ FOLPDWH
FKDQJHDQGDLUSROOXWLRQ,LQLivestocks long shadow)$25RPHSS
 $QRQLPStatistical Yearbook of Indonesia ,661 (%366WDWLVWLFV,QGRQHVLD-DNDUWD
 < $ 0HUNHO Characteristics of Animal Wastes in Managing Livestock Wastes $9, 3XEOLVKLQJ &RPSDQ\
86$SS
 $13HOO-'DLU\6FL
 (70DUOLQD<$+LGD\DWLDQG(+DUOLD0LFURELDO4XDOLW\2I6OXGJH*DVELR8VH%HHI&DWWOH)HFHV:LWK
$ 'LIIHUHQFH :DWHU &RQWHQW, LQ Prosiding Seminar Nasional Peternakan Berkelanjutan 3 8QLYHUVLWDV
3DGMDGMDUDQ-DWLQDQJRU6XPHGDQJ
 86(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ$JHQF\'HWHFWLQJDQGPLWLJDWLRQWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWRIIHFDO
SDWKRJHQV RULJLQDWLQJ IURP FRQILQHG DQLPDO IHHGLQJ RSUDWLRQV UHYLHZ (3$ 1DWLRQDO 5LVN 0DQDJHPHQW
5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\&LQFLQQDWL2+
 &3*HUEDDQG-(6PLWK-(QYLURQ4XDO
 0.OHLQ/%URZQ5:7XFNHU1-$VKEROW506WXHW]DQG'-5RVHU$SSO(QYLURQ0LFURELRO

 7$%2JXQQL\L,.$GHZXPL$&$FKXGXPHDQG$$)ROD\DQND-7URS0HG3DUDVLWRORJ\

 ( +DUOLD ( 7 0DUOLQD $ )LUPDQ DQG $ )LWULDQL 3HPDQIDDWDQ OLPEDK SHWHUQDNDQ VDSL SHUDK GDQ VDSL
SRWRQJ VHEDJDL VXPEHU HQHUJL DOWHUQDWLI ELRJDV GL .DEXSDWHQ 6XPHGDQJ, in inovasi agribisnis peternakan
untuk ketahanan pangan3URVLGLQJ6HPLQDU1DVLRQDO3HWHUQDNDQ%HUNHODQMXWDQHGLWHGE\(70DUOLQDet
al8QLYHUVLWDV3DGMDGMDUDQ-DWLQDQJRU6XPHGDQJSS
 (70DUOLQD<$+LGD\DWL7E%$.XUQDQLDQG:-XDQGD-,OPX7HUQDN
 -(=DSRWRVN\3URF+HOP6RF:DVK
 /31LFRG-&3DFKHDQG1+RZDUG(XU5HVSLU-
 $QRQLP0LQLVWU\RI$JULFXOWXUH0LQLWU\RI$JULFXOWXUHGHFUHHQR3HUPHQWDQ655HSXEOLN
RI,QGRQHVLD
 05/HHDQG-&+6KLK$SSO(QYLURQ0LFURELRO
 052URSH]D1&DELURO62UWHJD/3&2UWL]DQG$1R\ROD-:DWHU6FL7HFK
 7)+HVV,*UG]HOLVKYLOL+46KHQJDQG&-+RYGH&RPSVW6FL8WLO
 +9'HVKPXNK$VLDQ-6FL7HFK
 7 $ 6HDGL DQG & 7 /XNHKXUVW, 8QZDQWHG ,PSXULWLHV LQ 4XDOLW\ 0DQDJHPHQW RI 'LJHVWDWH IURP %LRJDV
3ODQWV8VHGDV)HUWLOLVHU, inBioenergyHGLWHGE\'%D[WHUet al.,($7KH1HWKHUODQGVSS

050017-4