Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chris Pretrick
Mrs. DeBock
English IV Honors
November 9, 2017
Modern society is giving more importance to parenting styles. It represents the different
approaches parents use to raise their children. The main cause of majority of the mental health
problems that emerge in adolescence are related to parenting styles. Most parents use a variety of
styles depending upon their culture and societal demands. Parents are among the most important
people in the lives of young children. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the
earliest years of life, when childrens brains are developing rapidly and when nearly all of their
experiences are created and shaped by their parents and by the positive or difficult circumstances
in which the parents find themselves. Parents play a significant role in helping children build and
refine their knowledge and skills, as well as their learning expectations, beliefs, goals, and
coping strategies. Parental roles and and parenting styles have a significant impact on defining a
First of all, good parenting is parenting that prepares children to meet the demands of the
specific culture or subculture in which they live. Parenting style is a determinant factor in child
development. It affects psychological and social functioning of the children. Parenting style is
largely affected by the influence of ones own parents. Temperament, educational achievement,
culture, socioeconomic status and the influence of their spouse affects parenting style as well.
According to Belsky, Temperament of the parent and the child affects style of parenting, and
the mother and father may differ in style as well. The effectiveness of parental styles are
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control. Parental acceptance / responsiveness refers to the extent to which parents intentionally
foster individuality, self regulation, and self-assertion by being attuned, supportive, and
acquiescent to childrens special needs and demands (Baumrind 2). Parental demandingness
refers to the claims parents make on children to become integrated into the family whole, by
their maturity demands, supervision, disciplinary efforts and willingness to confront the child
who disobeys (Baumrind 2). While conducting a longitudinal study, Baumrind found that
preschool children, with authoritative parents, are best adjusted. They were cheerful, socially
responsible, self reliant, achievement oriented and cooperative with adults and peers. Children of
authoritarian parents tended to be moody and seemingly unhappy, easily annoyed, relatively
aimless, and not very pleasant to be around. Children of permissive parents were often impulsive
and aggressive, especially if they were boys. They tended to be bossy and self centred,
rebellious, lacking in self control, rather aimless and quite low in independence and achievement.
Parenting style is a determinant factor in child development. It affects psychological and social
achievement has been active the past few years. Researchers who have examined the relationship
of work conditions such as work hours, work schedule, job demands, job supervision and job
promotion have concluded some important associations with maternal or parental feelings of role
conflict, her parenting style and parental participation on children's school work. The multiple
effects of work conditions on families well-being have also shown positive association with
children's school achievement especially among lower income children (Talib 1) Gottfried, a
suggests, proximal home environment comprises the cognitive, social-emotional and physical
formulation available to children in their family relationship. Research was conducted based on
the assumption of direct effects between parental employment and child cognitive development
without recognition that effects were mediated by proximal home environment. Many of these
studies were conducted using psychoanalytic approach in which mother was considered to be
central importance to childs psychological development. The outcomes of this study support the
previous studies that there is no difference in outcomes between fulltime and part-time employed
mothers, and the data consistently showed that maternal employment status was not significant
for childs development across age, development domains and gender (Talib 15). This study
indicates that children of employed mothers are equivalent in their development in the cognitive,
social emotional, academic, motivational, and behavioural domains from infancy through
adolescence. Rather, regardless of maternal employment status, this study indicates that the
proximal environment itself involves a variety of experiences provided and that parental
Finally, Parenting styles, that is, parents typical attitudes and behaviors which form the
emotional climate in which parents raise their children , have been suggested to play an
important role in childrens social and emotional development. affective and warm parenting, as
well as behavioral control deployed by parents have been shown to be related to low levels of
problem behaviors and depressive symptoms among children. High parental psychological
control has been found to be associated with increased anxiety, distress, and depressive
symptoms among both children and adolescents. In a recent studies, psychologists mainly focus
and negative emotions observed by their parents (Maryam 2). The behavioralexpressive
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interpersonal behavior, and social communication , because these external emotional signs
provide clues about childrens experiences and impact their social interactions. Maryam
suggests, positive and negative emotions are functional in certain situations, frequent
negative emotions may reflect difficulties in emotion regulation, and such difficulties have been
related not only to social difficulties and criminal behavior but also to clinical disorders later on
in life. Frequent expressions of positive emotions, in turn, have been shown to be associated with
social competence. Childrens early emotional development takes place in the dynamic
interaction between the parent-child relationship and the environment that they are developing in
(Maryam 3). Moreover, a high level of parental psychological control has been shown to lead to
Parental roles and and parenting styles have a significant impact on defining a childs
mental health, behavior, and cognitive capabilities. Parents are the most important figures in a
childs life. The family environment is critical in a childs upbringing and if there is problems the
child is most likely going to suffer the consequences. Children who were raised with permissive
parents and authoritative parenting will have completely different behavior patterns and
cognitive abilities. Parenting styles and family environment is a determinant for shaping the
characteristics of children.
Work Cited
Johar, Zulkifli Mohamad, and Maharam Mamat. "World Journal of Social Sciences."
Zarra-Nezhad, Maryam, and Kaisa Aunola Noona Kiuru. "Parenting Styles and
Childrens Emotional Development during the First Grade: The Moderating Role of
Child Temperament."