Identify the main socioeconomic impacts that an infrastructure project

can generate.

The impacts that are presented in infrastructure projects such as hydroelectric can
be both negative and positive, we must first take into account that not only must
deal with a large amount of water, but also compare, decipher and mitigate major
changes Which were generated in the context of the selected country. Including the
cost - benefit that is sought to strengthen the strategies that allow economic and
social support to the hydroelectric.

The society and its economy are one of the most important axes of study for the
impacts that are generated in the territory. The social impacts are reflected in
different forms where there is a vulnerable community where situations such as
displacements occur, forcing a population of a territory to seek another place to live
and work, affecting their emotional, family, economic and labor stability. This factor
is given as the hydroelectric needs a large number of geographical areas for the
construction and filling of the reservoir. As a result of this must be the company in
charge of the State project as owner of the land, which should for an aid to the
affected population but for what it tries to give a relief to the families can not
eliminate the psychological damage, Cultural change , Social and economic of
these people. It speaks of a rupture in the lifestyle that can cause an alteration of
their customs and a disorientation towards what is their way of survival. In the case
of Colombian, evidence of social impact in hydroelectric project areas is notorious,
adding to the presence of illegal actors that increase displacement, this time
forced, but with economic intentions on the part of these groups. Colombia has had
great problems with planning and at the same time implementing solutions to the
social problems generated by hydroelectric power plants, where displacement as a
normal phenomenon becomes a negative problem.

Indigenous communities can become the most affected in the country, facing their
lack of education in the face of environmental, social and economic impacts, where
the indigenous person does not know the current in engineering, administration or
economy; This allows companies to dedicate themselves to the hydroelectric
project and to approach this population with basic information without the need to
delve into the relevant issues. In Colombia, there is a clear example of the
vulnerability of indigenous communities affected by the construction of the
hydroelectric dam. The indigenous community that inhabited the zone of influence
was negatively affected by the Urra hydroelectric dam, where large amounts of
fertile land, forests, flora and fauna were lost, but also destroyed the social and
economic life of the Ember-katio indigenous population, where The indigenous
leaders were assassinated and the voice of the people who saw in the project was
abruptly silenced and the disaster of enormous proportions
On the other hand the economic impact of hydroelectric projects, for the most part,
is not efficiently measured to be the economy of the territories when the power
plant is generating energy. It is common that tourism, land purchase and sale,
become the main factor of the economy in a region, but the other articles leave the
market too, without the generation of employment and do not open the possibilities
to generate productive projects that Support income generation. The experiences
in Colombia date from great economic booms before and during the construction of
hydroelectric plants, but also of slopes and delays of economic recovery for the
community, when the project goes into operation.

What are the different conflicts that exist between the different decision
making stakeholders in the process?

The community concentrates the focus of the projects that are wanted to do in a
territory, the people are the nucleus for the generation of progress. In many cases the
community becomes the first obstacle for large projects to be carried out, in this case
the economic benefit to the project's investors is greater than the interest of the
community to make such an initiative beneficial to them. The violation of rights and
other crimes are committed abruptly by those in charge of megaprojects to give
continuity to its schedule reducing the participation of the community to its minimum
expression.

Who is responsible for the damages to the community? How could

have been avoided?

Despite the lack of resources of these communities, many have grown in every
way, have grown their leaders, are becoming more aware, the Law itself is more
demanding, making the company become responsible for the construction of the
project as As well as a commitment to social responsibility that goes far beyond
strictly managing the impacts caused by the project, but rather generating
conditions for transformation and development for the affected population.

Discuss the role of social corporate responsibility and SIA

Hydroelectric plants have been alien to social responsibility, in most cases it is a
topic that is covered in critical moments and more as a strategy of immediate
impact, of little common interest and with a high degree of insensitivity to the socio-
environmental effects. Hydroelectric megaprojects determine social responsibility
as an investment for the improvement of living conditions and care for the
environment, where that responsibility is seen as an obligation or a burden that
should not be borne. In the Colombian case, this phenomenon has been shown
that has led entire peoples to claim for that responsibility they should have before
them, but in the long run it is reflected in short-term actions and generating social,
economic and environmental instability
Within the obligations that the companies of this field have towards the community
is to develop the programs established in the environmental management plan in
its social component, identify some impacts in the study and propose to the
environmental authority, in this If ANLA, some management measures, some
programs. Running these programs is responsibility established by the company
are usually very difficult to handle so you hire operators who are responsible for
applying them to the community.

Bibliography

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