Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................II
LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................II
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1
DOCUMENT INTENT ..........................................................................................................................1
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................................................2
NEW CONSTRUCTION
OVERBUILD CONSTRUCTION
BASIC CONSTRUCTION
DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS AND DESIGN STANDARDS........................................4
DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................4
DESIGN STANDARDS........................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODES
MANUFACTURERS
DEVIATION FROM STANDARDS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS..................................................................................7
OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................................7
TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTSIDE PLANT MASTER PLAN
DEFINITION OF TERMS
PATHWAY SYSTEM.........................................................................................................................10
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
UNDERGROUND CABLE VAULTS (UCVS)
DUCTS (CONDUIT)
DUCTBANKS
COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA.................................................................................................................20
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
GROUNDING AND BONDING
MEDIA TYPES
TERMINATION
LABELING AND ADMINISTRATION
ENTRANCE FACILITIES.....................................................................................................................24
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
GROUNDING AND BONDING
APPENDICES....................................................................................................25
APPENDIX 1 CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS...........................................................................................25
APPENDIX 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ....................................................................................26
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION
This document was originally produced (in 1999) based on industry standards
and practices, as well as the telecommunications practices in use at that
time at CWU. Under the current revision, it has been updated to reflect the
methods, materials and standards that have been used to for providing
telecommunications services to the existing Residence Hall facilities. The
updated document also reflects changes in industry practice as of this
publication.
DOCUMENT INTENT
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
The three types of construction are defined below. These definitions are
applicable to the purposes of this document only.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
OVERBUILD CONSTRUCTION
1
The CO-OSP is probably the first widely distributed industry reference text for the design of standards
compliant outside plant communications distribution systems.
DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS
In addition to the RCDD certification, it is desirable that the RCDD have the
following qualifications:
Professional Engineer (P.E.) in the electrical engineering field
RCDD/LAN certification from BICSI
MCSE certification from Microsoft Corporation3
DESIGN STANDARDS
CWU standards are based upon the Customer-Owned Outside Plant Design
Manual (CO-OSP) produced by BICSI, the Telecommunications Distribution
Methods Manual (TDMM) also produced by BICSI, ANSI/TIA/EIA and ISO/IEC
standards, and NEC codes, among others.
It is required that the Designer be thoroughly familiar with the content and
intent of these references, standards, and codes and that the Designer be
2
BICSI, 8610 Hidden River Pkwy, Tampa, FL 33637-1000 USA, Tampa, FL 33612-6415; 1-800-242-7405;
www.bicsi.org
3
Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399, (425) 882-8080;
www.microsoft.com/mcse
Listed in the table below are references, standards, and codes applicable to
outside plant communications systems design. If questions arise as to which
reference, standard, or code should apply in a given situation, the more
stringent shall prevail. As each of these documents are modified over time,
the latest edition and addenda to each of these documents is considered to
be definitive.
Standard/Reference Name/Description
BICSI CO-OSP BICSI Customer-Owned Outside Plant Design Manual
BICSI TDMM BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods
Manual
BICSI TCIM BICSI Telecommunications Cabling Installation Manual
TIA/EIA - 758 Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications
Cabling Standard
TIA/EIA - 568 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling
Standard
TIA/EIA - 569 Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunication
Pathways and Spaces
TIA/EIA - 606 The Administration Standard for the
Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial
Buildings
TIA/EIA - 607 Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding
Requirements for Telecommunications
TIA/EIA - 455 Fiber Optic Test Standards
TIA/EIA - 526 Optical Fiber Systems Test Procedures
IEEE 802.3 (series) Local Area Network Ethernet Standard, including the
IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Standard
NEC National Electric Code, NFPA
NESC National Electrical Safety Code, IEEE
L&I Department of Labor and Industries, Electrical Section,
RCW 19.28, WAC 296-46 and WAC 296-401A, Interim
Printing
OSHA Codes Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 1910 - General
Industry, and 1926 - Construction Industry, et al.
MANUFACTURERS
If the Designer feels that deviation from a given standard is warranted, the
Designer shall submit a written deviation request to CWU. The request will,
at a minimum, indicate the standard from which there is a proposed
deviation, the substitution being proposed in place of the standard, the
reason the request is being made, and an explanation of the justifications
(economic, technical or otherwise) for the deviation. The Designer may,
upon written approval from CWU, incorporate the design deviation into the
overall design. CWU approval is required on a project-by-project basis. The
Designer should not assume that a deviation approval for one project means
that the deviation will necessarily be approved for a subsequent project.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
OVERVIEW
Each design performed on the behalf of CWU shall conform to and integrate
with the CWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan. This
plan provides a 10-year strategy for the use and expansion of the
underground telecommunications pathways on the CWU campus.
The Master Plan calls for the campus to be subdivided into nine areas called
Building Clusters. Each building within a cluster is connected with
telecommunications pathway to a building within the cluster that will serve
as the Building Cluster Hub. The Building Cluster Hubs are in turn connected
with telecommunications pathway to the Communications Center. This
configuration is based upon a TIA/EIA standard two-level hierarchical star
topology such as that shown in Figure 1, below.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The table below defines and clarifies common terms that will be used
throughout this section it is expected that the Designer is already familiar
with these terms.
Term Definition
Backbone Pathway or cable between buildings.
Backfill Earth material used specifically for filling and grading
excavations back to a finished state. Backfill is placed on
top of the bedding surrounding encased ductbanks and
direct-buried conduits.
Base Earth materials used specifically to level and grade an
excavations subgrade for the subsequent placement of
encased ductbanks, direct-buried conduit, and UCVs.
Base material is placed on top of the subgrade and
beneath the bedding surrounding encased ductbanks,
conduits, or UCVs.
Bedding Earth material used specifically for filling excavations.
Bedding is placed around encased ductbank, conduits, or
UCVs. Bedding is placed on top of the Base (if a Base
exists) and beneath the backfill.
Building Cluster A group of buildings connected via pathway in a star
topology to a Building Cluster Hub (see below).
Building Cluster Hub A building that serves as a pathway hub for the buildings
in its Building Cluster.
Communications A centralized building on the CWU campus that serves as a
Center pathway hub for the Building Cluster Hubs. The
Communications Center, Building Cluster Hubs, and
individual buildings are connected together with pathway
in a two-level hierarchical star topology as shown in Figure
1.
Duct A single enclosed raceway (conduit) used for the routing of
cables.
Ductbank An arrangement of multiple ducts, usually in tiers.
Entrance Facility The interface between the premises (in-building)
(EF) communications distribution system and the outside plant
communications distribution system and services (such as
the public telephone network or inter-building (campus)
backbone cabling.)
The EF consists of protection hardware, connecting
hardware and cable and equipment necessary to connect
premises distribution to outside plant distribution.
Underground Cable An underground cable vault (part of an underground duct
Vault system) used to facilitate placing, connectorizing, and
(UCV) maintaining telecommunications cables and associated
equipment. UCV collectively refers to manholes,
handholes, and pullholes.
4
Many of these definitions are excerpted or modified from original definitions from: BICSI, Customer-Owned
Outside Plant Design Manual; BICSI, Telecommunications Distribution Methods (TDMM) Manual; and TIA/EIA
758, Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Cabling Standard
PATHWAY SYSTEM
The pathway system (underground cable vaults, ducts, and ductbanks) is the
foundational component of the outside plant communications distribution
system. A pathway system designed with foresight provides for ease of
administration, maintenance, future expansion, and replacement of cabling
as technology changes. A well-designed pathway system contributes more
to reducing the total cost of ownership of an outside plant communications
distribution system than does any other single component.
This section describes design considerations for the pathway system that are
of particular concern to CWU. The Designer is expected to refer to the TIA/EIA
standards and the BICSI CO-OSP and TDMM for other and more specific
design criteria and detail.
Prior to design, the Designer is expected to meet with CWU and review
CWUs requirements for the project. Items to review should include proposed
pathway routing, aesthetic requirements, long range plans that CWU has
regarding new and existing buildings, paved areas, opens spaces, etc. which
could be affected by the design, and any unique requirements specific to the
project.
CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
After the requirements review, a thorough This list is primarily applicable to
and detailed field investigation shall be New and Overbuild Construction.
However, items 1 and 2 are
conducted. The field survey shall applicable to Basic Construction as
include, but should not be limited to: well.
The discussion below focuses on specific design considerations for the major
components of the pathway system: UCVs, ducts, and ductbanks.
UCVs provide accessible space in an outside plant pathway system for the
pulling, placing, and splicing of cables, as well as for maintenance and
operations equipment. UCVs are also used to segment the pathway system
into lengths compatible with standard reel lengths for outside plant cable and
to conform to maximum pathway lengths as defined in the TIA/EIA standards.
The quantity of duct entrances in a UCV should be sized for both immediate
and future requirements. Adequate capacity for future duct entrances will
mitigate the need for future wall breakouts. Additionally, UCVs configured
for splayed duct entrances (rather than center entrances) are preferred.
Splayed duct entry facilitates racking and minimizes bending of the
communications cable. An example of splayed duct entry/exit is shown in the
figure below.
4 " C O N D U I T U C V
( T Y P I C A L )
P L A N V I E W
When designing duct entry and exit from a UCV, it is desirable to have ducts
enter and exist from opposite ends of the UCV. If possible, ducts entering
the sidewalls of a UCV should be avoided, given that sidewall entry may
reduce overall racking space, may cause minimum cable bend radii to be
exceeded, can complicate (or hinder) future cable maintenance, and can
increase construction costs during cable installation.
However, CWU recognizes that sidewall duct entry may be necessary or even
desirable at times. If sidewall duct entry is necessary, the Designer shall
ensure that ducts enter and exit at diagonally opposite corners rather than at
endwall or sidewall midpoints. The Designer is to ensure that the design of
the endwall and sidewall duct entry in a UCV will in no way hinder the proper
installation and maintenance of the cable using the ducts. Refer to the
Figure below for more detail regarding this requirement.
4 " C O N D U I T
C O M M U N IC A T I O N S C O M M U N I C A T I O N S ( T Y P I C A L )
U C V
( T Y P I C A L )
C O R R E C T ( P R E F E R CR OE DR )R E C T ( A C C E P T A B L E )
C O M M U N IC A T I O N S C O M M U N I C A T I O N S C O M M U N I C A T I O N S
I N C O R R E C T I N C O R R E C T I N C O R R E C T
Manholes are used for pulling, placing, and splicing cables, and for
providing accessible space for cable maintenance and operation
equipment.
HANDHOLES/PULLHOLES
DUCTS (CONDUIT)
If the design utilizes any existing pathway, the existing ducts must be proven
during design in order to ensure that the selected pathway is clear and
serviceable. Proving the ducts prior to construction will not only aid the
Designer in selecting the appropriate pathway for use, it will also minimize
unexpected (and costly) problems or delays during construction. Acceptable
proving methods are, in order of preference:
It is left to the Designer to select the appropriate method for proving a given
duct. The proving method should be selected only after determining the
quantity and size of the communications media to be placed in the duct and
after reviewing the condition of the duct in the field.
DUCT LENGTH
BENDS
PULLH
WALL
Ducts should ideally enter UCV end walls at a point approximately halfway
between the floor and the roof. However, where the total number of
ducts penetrating a UCV (or building entrance) is significantly less than
the capacity of the UCV (or building entrance), the ducts should enter at
the lower level in order to ensure that upper space is reserved for future
duct entrances.
The Designer shall ensure that the relative position of a duct (with respect
BELL
to the side walls) is consistent as it enters and exits a UCV. Additionally,
a duct exiting a UCV in a given position should enter the next UCV in the
same relative position.
Ducts that enter from a horizontal orientation should immediately off-load
into a horizontal raceway system.
DUCTBANKS CON
Ductbank consists of an arrangement of multiple ducts constructed in tiers.
Typical ductbank arrangements are 2, 3, and 4 ducts wide by 2, 3, or 4 ducts
high.
The quantity of ducts to install within a ductbank will vary greatly depending
upon the application. However, with the increasing migration from copper
cable to fiber optic cable on the CWU campus, it is expected that the
requirement for duct space will decrease over time.
In keeping with this expectation and with the recommendations made in the
CWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan, typical
ductbank configurations are shown below. It should be noted that these
typical configurations should serve as a guideline only. The quantity of ducts
in a duct bank should meet the needs of the application at hand and provide
for future expansion capability.
Unless specifically noted above, a typical ductbank will contain four ducts,
arranged 2 wide x 2 high.
5
Measured from outside to outside
If building ducts are constructed concurrently with and in the same duct bank
with a main duct run, place building ducts (subsidiary/lateral ducts) on top of
the ducts for the main run. This is economically advantageous, makes the
building ducts more accessible, and affords some top protection for the main
ducts.
Drain slope should exist at all points of the ductbank to allow drainage and
prevent the accumulation of water. A drain slope of per foot is desirable
if possible. If not possible due to inadequate natural slope or long duct runs,
a drain slope of 3 per 100 feet is acceptable. If no other option exists,
provide a drain slope by sloping the first half of the ductbank up towards the
midpoint, and then down from the midpoint to the end (sometimes referred
to as a center crown). Drain slope requirements shall be identified in the
Contract Documents they shall not be left up to the discretion of the
Contractor.
Details for a typical four-conduit ductbank (2 wide x 2 high) are shown in the
figure below:
RESTORE FI
FOR TURF ARE
UNDISTUR
CONCRETE
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA
As the voice, data, and video systems begin to make use of the singlemode
fiber on campus, existing copper and multimode fiber media can be
removed. Additionally, singlemode fiber media is significantly smaller than
the copper media used on campus. These two factors combined will tend to
ease the shortage of duct space on campus.
6
Segregation is desirable in order to ensure that when maintenance work is performed on a backbone cable
serving a specific system, work on the cable will not disrupt the functionality of the backbone cables serving
other systems
INNERDUCT
Three 1 innerducts
Two 1 and one 1 innerduct
Four 1 innerducts
MEDIA TYPES
Category 3 UTP (copper) used for voice, analog signaling, and various
metering applications
Singlemode Fiber Optic used for data, video, and increasingly, voice
applications
62.5/125 m Multimode Fiber Optic used primarily for data applications
and various metering applications.
As discussed above, CWU has standardized on singlemode fiber for its voice,
data, and video applications. However, copper and multimode fiber media
will still be in use for some time.
The type and quantity of communications media to install will vary greatly
depending upon the application. In keeping with the recommendations made
in the CWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan, typical
communications media configurations are shown below. It should be noted
that these typical configurations should serve as a guideline only. The type
and quantity of communications media shall be determined on a case-by-
case basis by the Designer, ensuring that it meets the needs of the
application at hand and provides for future expansion capability.
TERMINATION
ENTRANCE FACILITIES
This section defines design considerations for entrance facilities that are of
particular concern to CWU and specific to the outside plant communications
distribution system.
The Designer is expected to refer to the TIA/EIA standards and the BICSI CO-
OSP and TDMM for other and more specific design criteria and detail. In
addition, the Designer is expected to reference the CWU Inside Plant
Communications Distribution Design Guide for more detail regarding the
design of telecommunications spaces, including entrance facilities and
equipment rooms.
7
Some types of fiber media are now indoor/outdoor rated and are therefore not subject to this
requirement.
APPENDICES
8
Much of the following list was excerpted from RUS Bulletin 1751F-644 Underground Plant Construction
OSHA, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 1910 - General Industry, and
1926 - Construction Industry, et al