Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tajma Cameron
Fall 2017
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Table of Contents
Abstract...3
Standards....4-5
References26
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Abstract
teachers to create assessments to inform and improve student performance. For this assignment I
have created seven different artifacts that use various forms of assessment. I will identify
Maryland State Learning Objectives that are applicable in Biology for a unit on DNA. Included
in this assessment portfolio is a fifteen item multiple choice test of higher level questions from
Blooms Taxonomy, a ten item multiple choice test of lower level questions from Blooms
Taxonomy, ten item true-false test, three essay questions that use critical thinking, five short
answer questions, fifteen item matching question, and an assignment using a science lab report.
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Standards
HS-LS1-1. Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines
the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of
specialized cells.
HS-LS3-1. Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in
coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.
Expectation 1.5
The student will use appropriate methods for communicating in writing and orally the
processes and results of scientific investigation.
Indicator 1.5.2
The student will explain scientific concepts and processes through drawing,
writing, and/or oral communication.
Indicator 1.5.6
The student will read a technical selection and interpret it appropriately.
Expectation 3.1
The student will be able to explain the correlation between the structure and function of
biologically important molecules and their relationship to cell processes.
Maryland State Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts in Science and
Technical Subjects
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RST.9-10.1
Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending
to the precise details of explanations or descriptions.
CCSS.ELA.LITERACY.RST.9-10.2
Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; trace the texts explanation or
depiction of a complex process, phenomenon, or concept; provide an accurate summary
of the text.
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CCSS.ELA.LITERACY.RST.9-10.10
By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9-10
text complexity band independently and proficiently.
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Unit of Study: DNA, RNA, & Mutations
Context:
The ability to understand the central dogma of DNA is critical in understanding the
fundamental processes of organisms. In this unit students will learn about DNA which is the
building blocks of all genetic material. They will also learn about RNA and mutations. They will
learn information relating to the basic components of DNA and see visual representations of how
they relate to one another. The main goal of this unit is for students to become familiarized with
the cell and its DNA so that they can answer the question, How does DNA manage how the cell
will function? Activities and exercises will be used for guided and independent practice. At the
end of the unit the class will provide me with ideas on how the code determines the traits in an
organism. Students will have to create a project displaying a 3D representation of DNA using a
technology tool.
Learning Objectives:
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Fifteen Multiple Choice Questions
Multiple Choice:
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which one of the following molecules serves as a link between a gene and a protein?
a. RNA
b. mRNA
c. DNA
d. ATP
2. Which one of the following characteristics of DNA did James Watson and Francis
Cricks discovery help to explain?
a. The fact that DNA exists in all living cells
b. The amount of DNA found in an organism
c. The fact that DNA passes on genetic information
d. The length of a DNA strand
3. Suppose you wanted to identify, quantify, and purify a nucleic acid. Which lab technique
would you use to perform the above processes?
a. Western blotting
b. Gel Electrophoresis
c. ELISA
d. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
4. Assuming that there are no mutations in the following sequence, TGGACTTCC, which
one of the sequences below would you find on the complementary DNA strand?
a. ACCTGAAGG
b. CCGGTTAAC
c. ACATGCCAC
d. GGCCATTGC
5. A scientist was conducting an experiment and noticed that during DNA replication there
was a wrong nucleotide that was inserted in the DNA sequence. The scientist would
describe the situation as which of the following?
a. Translation
b. Mutation
c. Recombination
d. Transcription
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6. If you were asked to determine the appearance of an organism which one of the following
features of DNA is most important in making that determination?
a. The shape of the helical twist
b. The amount of sugars present
c. The presence of hydrogen bonds
d. The sequence of nitrogenous bases
7. Which of the following techniques would you use if you wanted to make copies of a
specific region of DNA?
a. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b. Gel electrophoresis
c. ELISA
d. Southern blotting
9. Which of the following contributes to the process known as the central dogma of
biology?
a. The flow of information in a cell proceeds from DNA to RNA to protein
b. The flow of information in a cell proceeds from RNA to protein to DNA
c. The flow of information in a cell proceeds from DNA to protein to RNA
d. The flow of information in a cell proceeds from protein to RNA to DNA
10. How are the two strands of a DNA double helix held together?
a. Polar covalent bonds
b. Non polar covalent bonds
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. Ionic bonds
11. If a scientist were trying to extract DNA from the cheek cells of a human, what type of
liquid would they use?
a. Hypertonic
b. Hypotonic
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c. Isotonic
d. Isertonic
12. Which of the following statements best describes what occurs during normal DNA
replication?
a. The genetic material is lost from the telomeres
b. Enzymatic action of telomerase
c. The unzipping of DNA helicase
d. DNA polymerase attaches to the leading strand
13. An unmutated segment of DNA contained 60 molecules of cytosine and will also contain
an equal number of what molecule?
a. Adenine
b. Uracil
c. Thymine
d. Guanine
14. There are four nitrogenous bases found in DNA. Why is the particular sequence of bases
found in a segment of DNA significant to cells?
Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. A
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10. C
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. D
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Ten Item Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice:
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
2. What are the three main stages in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
a. Reannealing, denaturing, extending
b. Denaturing, annealing, extending
c. Naturing, extending, denaturing
d. Annealing, extending, adulteration
6. Which of the DNA replication proteins links the Okazaki fragments of the lagging
strand?
a. DNA polymerase I
b. DNA polymerase III
c. DNA ligase
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d. Helicase
Answer Key
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. A
10. C
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True/False Assessment
Read each statement below and indicate whether the statement is True (T) or False (F).
__ 1. In a cell RNA is used as a messenger to carry instructions from the nucleus into the
cytoplasm
__2. RNA has ribose sugars and DNA has deoxyribose sugars.
__3. A deletion mutation occurs when part of a chromosome is missing after replication.
__4. Translation is the process that copies instructions from DNA onto mRNA.
__7. When a sperm cell is mutated the mutation is passed from a woman to her offspring.
__8. James Watson and Francis Crick are the only scientists credited with discovering the double
helix structure of DNA.
__9. A nucleotide includes a phosphate, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of the four bases
(A,T,C,G).
Answer Key
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. F
8. F
9. T
10. T
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Three Essay Questions
1. Transcription and translation are critical processes to the central dogma of biology. In
150-200 words, describe the difference between transcription and translation. Where does
each process occur in the cell? What is the function of each process?
2. Mutations are a change in DNA sequence. In 150-200 words, detail two types of
mutations discussing the cause of the mutation and how the DNA is affected?
3. Describe in detail the process of how a DNA molecule codes for a protein. (150-200
words)
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Five Short Answer Questions
1. Describe the structure of the RNA molecule and include a drawing of the molecule (5 points)
2. Describe three differences between a DNA molecule and a RNA molecule (5 points)
3. Draw and label a DNA molecule including the hydrogen bond (5 points)
4. DNA is the genetic material of all cellular organisms. Detail how the process of DNA
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5. RNA functions as an information messenger. Describe the purpose of each of the three types
of RNA (5 points)
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Fifteen Item Matching Questions
Write the letter for the answer or phrase in the space provided (1 point each)
Answer Key
1. C
2. K
3. A
4. N
5. B
6. I
7. E
8. M
9. O
10. J
11. D
12. H
13. L
14. G
15. F
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DNA Isolation Lab Activity
Students will be performing a lab activity where they use their own human cheek cells to
highlight DNA isolation. In groups of four students will prepare liquid solutions of sodium
chloride, sodium lauryl sulfate, and ethyl alcohol. Students will prepare the solutions together but
create their own cheek cell sample. Students will then use 10 ml of water to obtain a cheek cell
from their mouth by swirling the water around for at least 35 to 45 seconds. After obtaining their
cheek cell water student will place it into a detergent which will remove the cell membranes
from the cheek cells. This will then be placed into a salt solution releasing the DNA into the
solution. Students will observe the human cheek cells and chromosomes under the microscope.
This will allow to students have a visual representation of the scale of DNA molecules and
reinforce the concept. After the completion of this lab activity there will be activity reflection
questions in order to assess students understanding of the concepts and principles of DNA. The
questions that students will answer are:
Students will then have to create a lab report for graded submission which will include an
introduction, a material and methods section, a results section discussing what they observed,
and a discussion section reflecting what they learned from the lab activity.
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Essay Question 1: Translation & Transcription Rubric
Your Score: 4 3 2 1
Grammar *No grammatical Just one or two Several There are many
mistakes. grammatical grammatical grammatical mistakes.
(Spelling) mistakes. mistakes.
(Spelling)
_____/4 (Spelling) (Spelling)
_____/12
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Essay Question 2: Mutations Rubric
Your Score:
4 3 2 1
Grammar *No grammatical Just one or two Several There are many
mistakes. grammatical grammatical grammatical mistakes.
(Spelling) mistakes. mistakes.
(Spelling)
_____/4 (Spelling) (Spelling)
_____/12
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Essay Question 3: Protein Synthesis Rubric
Your 4 3 2 1
Score:
Scientific *Includes all key Includes at least Includes at least Includes only one
Accuracy elements relating three of the key two of the key key element relating
to the DNA elements relating elements relating to the DNA structure
____/4 structure and to the DNA to the DNA and protein synthesis
protein synthesis structure and structure and and contains
and contains no protein synthesis protein synthesis significant scientific
scientific errors. and may include and may include errors.
scientific errors. scientific errors.
Grammar *No grammatical Just one or two Several There are many
mistakes. grammatical grammatical grammatical
(Spelling) mistakes. mistakes. mistakes.
_____/12
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Short Answer 1: RNA Function and Structure Rubric
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Clear understanding of Understanding of Lack of understanding
Content DNA molecule DNA molecule with of DNA molecule with
Comprehension including correct missing key incorrect labeling and
description of key components. missing key
components. i.e. helix, components.
bases, hydrogen bonds
Scientific Processes Detailing the different Missing some elements Missing significant
functions of mRNA, relating to function and elements relating to
tRNA, and rRNA and structure of mRNA, function and structure
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their structural tRNA, and rRNA. of mRNA, tRNA, and
components. rRNA with vague or
incorrect details.
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DNA Cheek Cell Lab Report Rubric
Name:______________________
4 3 2 1 0
Organization Lab report is Lab report is Lab report is Lab report is Lacking
well organized well organized somewhat unorganized, attention detail
and formatted and formatted organized but unformatted, and lab report is
with no errors. with minor format is with errors. not cohesive.
errors. i.e. inconsistent and
grammatical or has errors.
spelling errors
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References
Common Core State Standards Initiative: Preparing Americas Students for College and Career.
(2010). English language arts standards: Science & technical subjects: Grade 11-12.
Next Generation Science Standards. (2017). From molecules to organisms: Structures and
arrangement/hs-ls1-molecules-organisms-structures-and-processes
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