Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Frequency Distribution - Math@TutorVista PDF
Frequency Distribution - Math@TutorVista PDF
I. Reading Exercises
1 .In respect of physical and mechanical properties, construction materials are divided
into rigid, semi-rigit and soft. 2. The colour of a brick is largely governed by the chemical
composition of the brick earth, but the temperature of burning is also important. 3. The shaping
of the brick may be done by hand or by machine. 4. The hand-made brick is shaped by means
of a wooden mould. 5. There are some kind of material which are brittle and cannot withstand
tensile stress. 6. The designer must be able to select and adapt such materials of construction
that will give the most effective result by the most economical means. 7. In this choice of
materials for any work of construction, the civil engineer must consider many factors, they are:
availability, cost, physical properties of materials and others. 8.Concrete is even less uniform
than many other materials.
1. The civil engineer must consider many factors when selecting the material for
costruction.2. The designer must be able to select and adapt such materials of construction that
will give the most effective result by the most economical means. 3. In many cases bricks are
very satisfactory too for use in the construction. 4.A town should be a nice place to live, to work
and to rest in. 5. 4. In respect of phisical and mechnical properties, construction materials are
divided into rigid, semirigid and soft.
, , , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
.
Ordinary brick, construction site, mechanical properties, properties of the material, lime,
masonry, resistance to, crushed stone, hight rate of strenghth, high-alumina cement, moisture
content,aggregate, mortar.
Ex. 4. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words
Ex. 6. Tell what sentences are true and what are false.
1.Steel and concrete are most widely used for binding together masonry units. 2.There is
improvement in Portland cement quality. 3.The most important building materials may now be
considered to be structural steel and concrete. 4.Lime, gypsum and cement are the three
materials most widely used for making concrete. 5. Cement is most important component of
bricks.
Ex.7. The group of Perfect and Perfect Continous Tenses. Define the tense-form used
in the following sentences and translate them.
1.During recent years methods of building have changed considerably.2. We have just learned
the advantages of a reinforced-concrete elements. 3. By the end of the year the workers will
have installed all the necessary equipment. 4.They will have completed the construction of the
next block of the power station by the end of the year. 5.We have been considering the decay of
buiding timber. 6. By what time will you have erected this bridge? 7. The air around us has
always been under pressure.8. For many centuries scientists of the world have been
successfully working to uncover still unsolved secrets of nature.9.After I had finished the
inspection of the new concrete pipe I spoke to the engineer. 10. It has taken more time for
designing a new satellite. 11. Satellite television has spread all over the world.
Ex.8. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of since
1. Since time immemorial the efforts of people were aimed at obtaining shelters. 2. Since
the constructive principles did not develop much for a very long time the column and beam was
the only generally employed method of stone constraction. 3. Since the need for buildings of all
kinds is great different methods for speeding up construction are developed. 4.Since steel and
reinforced concrete began to be used new possibilities have been introduced into
construction.5.The number of chemical elements known to science has grown considerably
since Mendeleev created his periodic Table in 1871. 6. Since 1925 there were many brilliant
inventions in the building industry.
IV. Home reading
V. Comprehension
Ex.1. State the most important facts from the text and write them down.
Ex.2. Answer the questions.
1. For what type of construction are reinforced concrete structures and elements used? 2.
What new materials have come into use both in industry and building? 3. What made possible
the mass production of prefabricated large-size concrete elements? 4. In what industrial fields
are plastics used? 5. How does steel introduced into concrete change its properties?
Ex. 3. Put all posible questions to the text. Retell it.