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Advance Transform Techniques

Course Code: ECE408

Properties of STFT
Linear

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Window Functions Complex valued
Time invariant
Time shift
Frequency shift
Nikesh Bajaj
Many other properties of the FT also apply.
nikesh.14730@lpu.co.in
Asst. Prof. LSECA, ECE
Lovely Professional University
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Where we are?
Introduction to Subject
Brief about Signal & System
Fourier Series
Fourier Transform & Its Limitations
Ba Overview

Introduction to Window Function

Summary
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Short Time Fourier Transform & its Limitations
With MATLAB
Window Functions, with MATLAB
Fractional Fourier Transform
Introduction to Wavelet
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Window Function Effect of Windowing
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A mathematical function that is zero-valued outside of Spectral analysis of Cos(wt)

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some chosen interval. Use MATLAB

Windowing is a technique used to shape the time portion
of your measurement data, to minimize edge effects that spectral leakage
result in spectral leakage in the FFT spectrum. By using The leakage tends to be worst (highest) near
Window Functions correctly, the spectral resolution of and least at frequencies farthest from
your frequency-domain result will increase.
leakage can interfere
Applications of window functions include spectral
Any window (including rectangular) affects the
analysis, filter design, and beam-forming.
spectral estimate computed by this method.
In typical applications, the window functions used are non-
negative smooth "bell-shaped" curves
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apodization function or tapering function By: Nikesh Bajaj 6 By: Nikesh Bajaj

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Window Function t
Window Function
low-dynamic-range. : excellent resolution for comparable Spectral analysis involves a tradeoff between resolving
strength signals comparable strength signals with similar frequencies and

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Rectangular Window: poor choice for signals of disparate resolving disparate strength signals with dissimilar
amplitudes frequencies. That tradeoff occurs when the window
high-dynamic-range : low-resolution, also poorest in terms function is chosen.
of sensitivity;
waveform contains random noise, the ability to find weak
sinusoids amidst the noise is diminished by a high-dynamic-range
window, used for wideband applications
Moderate windows: They are commonly used in
narrowband applications, such as the spectrum of a
telephone channel
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High-resolution windows

Rectangular window

Also called as Dirichlet

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Moderate-resolution windows
Hann window
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window The ends of the cosine just touch zero, so the
side-lobes roll off at about 18 dB per octave.
N represents the width, in samples, of a
discrete-time window function. Typically it is
The first side-lobe is only 13 dB lower
an integer power-of-2, such as 210 = 1024.
than the main lobe, with the rest falling
off at about 6 dB per octave n is an integer, with values 0 n N-
1. So these are the time-shifted forms
of the window
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Moderate-resolution windows
Tukey window
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Hamming window

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Triangular windows Kaiser windows

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Low-resolution (high-dynamic-range)
windows

Nuttall window, continuous first

Ba Low-resolution (high-dynamic-range)
windows

BlackmanHarris window
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derivative

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Low-resolution (high-dynamic-
range) windows
Flat top window The Hann and Hamming windows, both of
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which are in the family known as "raised

cosine" windows, are respectively named
after Julius von Hann and Richard
Hamming. The term "Hanning window" is
sometimes used to refer to the Hann
window

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Window functions
Rectangular window /Boxcar
Hanning
Kaiser

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Bartlett
Chebyshev
Hamming
Hann
Taylor
Triangular
Blackman
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Ba Orthogonallity Principle
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