You are on page 1of 10

AIR CONDITIONING LOAD ESTIMATION


INTRODUCTION
+745>;;>F8=6F8;;B4AE40B06D8345>A4BC8<0C8=6C742>>;8=6;>03A4@D8A4<4=C5>A068E4=B?024>A1D8;38=6

45>A46>8=68=C>034C08;43740C;>030=0;HB8BC740??A>G8<0C4;>03<0H14>1C08=431HDB8=6C74502C>AB8=2>;D<=>5+01;4
+74
0??A>G8<0C4C>==064 C>==064  +, )8B>1C08=430=30=8340>5C74CH?4>54@D8?<4=CC>14DB4320=145>A<43
!5
A>><D=8CB0A4C>14DB43C74=C740=0;HB8BDBD0;;H4=3B1HB4;42C8=6C74=4GC78674BC20?028CHD=8C>A2><18=0C8>=>5D=8CB0B;8BC438=
+01;4
'C74AF8B40<>A434C08;430=0;HB8BB4C>DC0B5>;;>FB8B03>?C43C>64C0<>A4022DA0C4740C;>03


Table 1: Design & Cooling Load Check Figures
 '22D?0=2H$867C8=6 A4B78A A0=3+>C0; *D??;H8A
??;820C8>=B *@
5C ?4AB>= .0CC *@
5C 5< B@
5C +, B@
5C 5< B@
5C
E 867 E 867 E 867 E 867 E 867
?0AC<4=C;0C     

    


D38C>A8D<B+740CA4B    
 
    
 

3D20C8>=0;028;8C84B          
*27>>;,=8E4AB8CH     

    



02C>A84BBB4<1;H    




     
 

0A40          
$867C%0=D502CDA8=6     

     
 

>B?8C0;B(0C84=CA>><B    


   


(D1;82A40     


  


>C4;B>A<8C>A84B     

    


$81A0AH%DB4D<     


   


'55824D8;38=6B     

   


>=54A4=24A>><B     


   
 

(A8E0C4'55824    


   


)4BC0DA0=CB          
$0A64  



    
 

%438D<  



   
 

4?0AC<4=C*C>A4     

    
 

(8?8=64?0AC<4=C     


   




1
!<?>AC0=C502C>ABC>142>=B834A438=4BC8<0C8=6C742>>;8=6;>035>A08A2>=38C8>=8=6
x 'A84=C0C8>=>51D8;38=65028=6F0;;B
x ,B4>5B?024B
x 8<4=B8>=B>5B?024B
x 48;8=674867C0=32;40A0=2414CF44=BDB?4=343248;8=60=3140<
x >;D<=B0=3140<B
x >=BCAD2C8>=<0C4A80;BLCH?40=3C782:=4BB
x *DAA>D=38=62>=38C8>=BL4GC4A8>A2>;>DA>5F0;;B0=3A>>5B703431HBDAA>D=38=61D8;38=6B>ABD=;867C
CC82B?024BL
E4=C43 >A =>C E4=C43 BDAA>D=38=6 B?024B 2>=38C8>=43 >A D=2>=38C8>=43 L C4<?4A0CDA4
 ;>>A >= 6A>D=3 10B4<4=C
4C2

x .8=3>FBLB8I40=3;>20C8>=F>>3>A<4C0;
+H?4>56;0BBB7038=634E824B
8<4=B8>=B>5A4E40;B0=3>E4A70=6B

x >>ABL$>20C8>=CH?40=3B8I4B

x *C08AF0HB4;4E0C>AB0=34B20;0C>ABL;>20C8>=C4<?4A0CDA4>5B?024B85>?4=C>D=2>=38C8>=430A40
 >AB4?>F4A>5
<0278=4AHE4=C8;0C43>A=>C

x (4>?;4L=D<14A3DA0C8>=>5>22D?0=2H=0CDA4>502C8E8CH

x $867C8=6LCH?4F0CC0640C?40:

x %>C>ABL;>20C8>==0<4?;0C40=31A0:47>AB4?>F4A0=3DB064
3E8B01;4C><40BDA4?>F4A8=?DC74A4?>BB81;4

x ??;80=24B1DB8=4BB<0278=4B4;42CA>=82B4@D8?<4=C;>20C8>=BA0C43F0CC0640=3DB064
E>83?HA0<838=60B=>C
0;; <0278=4B F8;; 14 DB43 0C C74 B0<4 C8<4
 ;42CA>=82 4@D8?<4=C >5C4= A4@D8A4B 8=38E83D0; 08A 2>=38C8>=8=6 L C74
<0=D502CDA4ABA42><<4=30C8>=5>AC4<?4A0CDA40=37D<838CHE0A80C8>=<DBC145>;;>F43

x -4=C8;0C8>=L*<>:8=62>34A4@D8A4<4=C
G70DBC50=B25<34;8E4AH

x +74A<0;BC>A064L'?4A0C8=6B2743D;47>DAB?4A30HDB064?4A<8BB81;4C4<?4A0CDA4BF8=6AD6B>=5;>>A=0CDA4>5
BDA5024<0C4A80;B4=2;>B8=6C74B?024B

x >=C8=D>DB >A 8=C4A<8CC4=C >?4A0C8>= L 85 8=C4A<8CC4=C 4
6
 %>B@D4 27DA274B 10;;A>><B 34C4A<8=4 3DA0C8>= >5 C8<4
0E08;01;45>A?A42>>;8=6>A?D;;3>F=


DESIGN CONDITIONS
+745>;;>F8=60A4DBD0;;HDB435>A2><5>AC34B86= 

Dry Bulb ( oF ) Wet Bulb ( oF ) % RH

   
'DCB834 30HB =867C  30H =867C  30H =867C
 
   
)>><   

These are filled in the heat estimate form as shown in Appendix 1

SOLAR HEAT GAINS
+744G?>BDA4F8C7C74<0G8<D<BD=;867C6;0BB0A408BDB430=3C7434B86=<>=C78BC74=58G435A><+01;41HB4;42C8=6C74<>=C7
F8C7C74<0G8<D<E0;D40CC70C4G?>BDA4


2
SOLAR HEAT GAIN FOR GLASS
Table 4: - Peak Solar Heat Gain Through Ordinary Glass.
%>=C7 Exposure
 N NE E SE S SW W NW Horizontal
         
"D=4          
"D;H%0H         
D6
?A8;           
*4?
%0A          
'2C
41
           
&>E
"0=
         
42
         
*>;0A608= *C44;B0B7>A=>B0B7 0I4L  ;C8CD34
 4F?>8=C 4F?>8=C
2>AA42C8>= G
 %0G ?4A 5C 01>E4>L 14;>F>
?4A > ?4A
>

Table 5: - Storage Load Factors (at 4 pm)


  7>DAB>?4A0C8>=>=BC0=C 7>DAB>?4A0C8>=>=BC0=C
  *?024+4<?4A0CDA4 *?024+4<?4A0CDA4
  .8C78=C4A=0; .8C74GC4A=0; .8C78=C4A=0; .8C74GC4A=0;
G?>BDA4 .4867C 1
?4A5C>5 B7034  B7034  B7034  B7034 
5;>>A0A40  0A4;0BB 0A4;0BB
  >E4A

 
 

& 




 




  >E4A


 
 
 




  




  >E4A
 


 
* 
 
 


  




  >E4A



 
* 


 

  

 

 
  >E4A
 


 
*. 


 

  




  >E4A


 

. 

 

 
  
 



  >E4A




&. 

 


  



 
  >E4A




&*7034 




 





+74B>;0A740C608=B5>AC746;0BB0A40BBD=;867C0C?<0A4>1C08=435A>< 
Cooling Load for Glass (Btu/Hr) = (Peak Solar heat gain, (Table 4))
x (window area, ft2)
x (Storage factor, Table 5)
x (Shade factor, Table 6)


3
+742>AA42C8>=502C>AB0CC741>CC><+01;40A4C>14DB43
+74BC>A064;>038=+01;434?4=3B>=C74CH?4>51D8;38=6
>A=>A<0;
1A82:1D8;38=6BC74F4867C>5C741D8;38=68B=>A<0;;H01>DC  1M 5C5>AC8<14A>A;867CF4867C1D8;38=6BC74E0;D4B5>A  1 M5C
+74
E0;D4B5>A  1 5C0=3>E4A0A4DB435>A740E84A1A82:1D8;38=6B

Table 6: - Overall Shade Factor
  !=B834-4=4C80=;8=3 'DCB834F=8=6
 &> $867C %438D< 0A:>;>DA $867C %438D< 0A:
+H?4>5;0BB *7034B >;>DA >;>DA 2>;>DA 2>;>DA 2>;>DA
)46D;0A?;0C4SN







*C08=;0BB  
<14A2>;>DA
  
0A:A43
 $867C>;>DAF78C42A40<4C2
0A:1;D4
  
0A:6A44=
 %438D<>;>DA;867C6A44=;867C1;D46A0H4C2
A0H436A44=
 
$867C>?0;4B24=C
 0A:>;>DA30A:1;D430A:A4330A:1A>F=4C2
0A:>?0;4B24=C


+74E0A8>DB502C>AB5>AB>;0A740C608=>5C74BD=;8C6;0BB0A40B0C?<0A4C7DB5>D=30=3BD1BC8CDC48=C74BC8<0C45>A<0=3C74
;>03 B20;2D;0C43


SOLAR HEAT GAIN FOR WALLS & ROOF


+74B40A45>D=3DB8=6+01;4B5A><C745>A<D;0 
Heat Gain through walls & roof = Area ( ft2 )
x equivalent temp. diff. (oF) (Table 7 & 8)
x transmission coefficient, (U) (Table 9)

Table 7: Equivalent Temperature Difference (oF ) at 4 pm for dark colored, shaded, & sunlit walls (insulate and insinuated)
 Weight of wall (lb/ft2) 
G?>BDA4      
 ;4BB 1A82: 2>=2A4C4 *CA>=6A>><
&     +74F4867C>50RN1A82:
     F0;; F8C7  N ?;0BC4A 8B
*       01>DC ;1 5C
*        
*.     N1A82:F0;;8B01>DC
.      ;1 5C
&.       

&*7034     

Table 8: Equivalent Temperature Difference (oF) at 4 pm for dark coloured, sunlit & shaded roofs.
 Weight of roof (lb /ft2 ) 
>=38C8>=         
G?>B4C>BD=      &>A<0;N2>=2A4C4
>E4A43F8C7F0C4A       5;0CA>>58B01>DC 
*?A0H43       1
 5C
*70343      

&>C4 >A0CC82E4=C8;0C430=3248;8=68=BD;0C43A>>5BA43D244@D8E0;4=CC4<?
38554A4=241H

>A?40:A>>5BDB4?A>942C430A40>=7>A8I>=C0;?;0=4

4

+744@D8E0;4=CC4<?4A0CDA438554A4=248=+01;40=3B7>D;3142>AA42C435>A;867C2>;>DA430=3<438D<2>;>DA43F0;;B0=3A>>5B0B
5>;;>FB 
$867C2>;>DA43A>>5

C4  
C4<  
C4B


%438D<2>;>DA43F0;;>AA>>5

C4  
C4<  
C4B

.74A4 

C4  4@D8E0;4=CC4<?4A0CDA438554A4=245>A2>;>DA>5F0;;>A
A>>534B8A4
C4< 4@D8E0;4=CC4<?4A0CDA438554A4=245>AF0;;>AA>>54G?>B43
C>C74BD=
C4B4@D8E0;4=CC4<?4A0CDA438554A4=245>AF0;;>AA>>58=B7034


Table 9: Transmission Coefficient, U for common building structures Btu/hr sq.ft (oF temp. diff.)
DESCRIPTION: U
 NLN2>=2A4C4A>>5F8C7BDB?4=343248;8=61>0A3

 
 >AAD60C430B14BC>BB744CBF8C7BDB?4=343248;8=61>0A3B


)>>5 >AAD60C43I8=2B744CBF8C7BDB?4=343248;8=61>0A3B


 ;0HLC8;43?8C27A>>5F8C7BDB?4=343248;8=61>0A3B


>A8I>=C0;6;0BBB:H;867C


 RM1A82:F0;;F8C724<4=C?;0BC4A>=1>C7B834B

 N1A82:F0;;F8C724<4=C?;0BC4A>=1>C7B834B

  N L RM 6H?BD< >A ?;0BC4A1>0A3 F8C7 ?;HF>>3 0=3 N

GC4A=0;.0;;B ?>;HBCHA4=4B0=3F827438=14CF44=
 
R<?7F8=3 B01>E41DCF8C7 RMLN?>;HBCHA4=4

 B01>E41DCF8C708AB?0248=BC403>5?>;HBCHA4=4

 %4C0;B;838=63>>AF8C708AB?0248=14CF44=

 (;HF>>33>>AB0=3F827

;0BBE4AC820;

 RN1A82:F0;;F8C7?;0BC4A>=1>C7B834B
 
 *0=3F8276H?BD<B?;0BC4A1>0A3>A?;HF>>3F8C7 N

!=C4A=0;.0;;B ?>;HBCHA4=4
 
C>D=2>=38C8>=43 B01>E41DCF8C7 RMLN?>;HBCHA4=4

B?024 B01>E41DCF8C708AB?0248=BC403>5?>;HBCHA4=4

(;HF>>33>>AB0=3F827

 &>=4>A5;>>AC8;4>=NC>N2>=2A4C45;>>AF8C7BDB?4=343

48;8=60=3;>>A 1>0A3248;8=6740C5;>FD? 
*0<40B01>E41DC740C5;>F3>F=




5
TRANSMISSION HEAT GAIN
+74CA0=B<8BB8>=C7A>D670;;6;0BBF74C74ABD=;8C>A8=B70348B>1C08=431H
Heat Gain through all glass = Area (ft2)
x U factor (Table 9)
x (outdoor temp indoor temp) 5 oF

!=58;CA0C8>=20==>C14022DA0C4;H0BB4BB4340B8;H0=38BDBD0;;H=>C2><?DC431DC0;;>F435>A1HC0:8=60502C>A>5B054CH>5 8=
C74;>0320;2D;0C8>=5>A1>C7C74A>><B4=B81;40=3A>><;0C4=C740CC>C0;B


INTERNAL HEAT
+748=C4A=0;740C608=B5A><?4>?;420=1438E83438=C>B4=B81;4740C608=0=3;0C4=C740C608=
+74B434?4=3>=C748A02C8E8CH0=3C74
34B86=C4<?4A0CDA4>5C74B?024
+74H0A40BB7>F=8=+01;4


Table 10: Heat Gain from People



  )>><AHD;1+4<?4A0CDA4
   >+H?820;>5  >
  %0;0HB80
 
CD 7A CD 7A CD 7A
 
46A44>502C8E8CH +H?820;??;820C8>=B *4=B81;4 $0C4=C *4=B81;4 $0C4=C *4=B81;4 $0C4=C

*40C430CA4BC +740CA4A034*27>>;            
*40C43E4AH;867CF>A: 867*27>>;         
'55824F>A:4A '55824B7>C4;B>;;464B        
*C0=38=6F0;:8=6B;>F;H 4?C
)4C08;BC>A4      
.0;:8=6B40C43 AD6BC>A40=:          
*C0=38=6.0;:8=6B;>F;H       
*434=C0AHF>A: )4BC0DA0=C            
$867C14=27F>A: 02C>AH;867CF>A:       
%>34A0C430=28=6 0=2470;;        
.0;:8=6<?7 02C>AH508A;H740EHF>A:            
40EHF>A: >F;8=60;;4H502C>AH       

-0;D45>AC78B0??;820C8>=8=2;D34 CD 7A5>A5>>3?4A8=38E83D0;

+74740C608=5A><;867CB34?4=3B>=F74C74A8C8B5;D>A4B24=C>A8=20=34B24=C 
Heat gain = Total light watts x 3.4 (for incandescent) or
= Total light watts x 1.25 x 3.4 (for fluorescent)

!5=>;867C8=6?>F4A8B68E4=C74=C74E0;D4B8=2>;D<=>5+01;4 20=14DB43


+74740C608=5A><>C74A4@D8?<4=C70B0;B>C>1403343
+78B20=14>1C08=435A><C74=0<4?;0C47>AB4?>F4A>A?>F4A8=?DC0=3
<D;C8?;8431H
CD 7A?4AF0CC


+74A>><B4=B81;4740C)* 20=C74=C>C0;;430=30502C>A>5B054CH>5 03343


6
Outside Air
+74>DCB83408AA4@D8A435>AE4=C8;0C8>=?DA?>B4B20=14>1C08=435A><+01;4 14;>F

Table 11: Ventilation Standards.
%(4A(4AB>= %?4AB@
5C

??;820C8>= *<>:8=6 >55;>>A
)42><<4=343 %8=8<D< <8=8<D<
?0AC<4=CE4A064 *><4    
4$DG4 *><4   

AD6*C>A4B >=B834A01;4  R 
02C>AH &>=4  R

0A064   

>B?8C0;B'?4A0C8=6)>><B &>=4   

(A8E0C4)>><B &>=4   

.0A3B &>=4    
>C4;A>><B 40EH   

#8C274=)4BC0DA0=C    

)4B834=24    

$01>A0C>A84B *><4    
%44C8=6)>><B -4AH740EH    

'55824B4=4A0; *><4   
(A8E0C4 &>=4  

(A8E0C4 >=B834A01;4   

)4BC0DA0=C05J >=B834A01;4   
8=8=6)>>< >=B834A01;4   
*27>>;)>><B &>=4   

+740CA4B &>=4   
+740CA4B *><4   
+>8;4CBG70DBC   

 ;;>DC3>>A08A8BA42><<4=343
.74=C74<8=8<D<8BDB43DB4C74;0A64A

+74740C608=5A><>DCB83408A8BC74=>1C08=435A><
Heat Gain = Ventilation, cfm
x design temp. difference, oF
x by-pass factor, BF

+74H?0BB502C>A8B0270A02C4A8BC82>5C742>>;8=62>8;BDB430=3D=8C34B86=
!CA4?A4B4=CBC74?>AC8>=>508AC70C8B2>=B834A43C>?0BB
C7A>D67C742>>;8=62>8;BF8C7>DC148=62>>;43


+74-4;>28CH>508AC7A>D672>8;BC8<45>A08AC>2>=C02CBDA5024>52>8;B
E08;01;42>8;BDA5024A>FB>52>8;BB?028=6>52>8;CD14B

7

Table 12: Typical bypass factors
>8;1H?0BB +H?4>50??;820C8>= G0<?;4
02C>A

 C>
  B<0;;C>C0;;>03>A0;>03C70C8B;0A64AF8C70;>FB4=B81;4740C )4B834=24
 502C>A8
4
7867;0C4=C;>03

 
)4B834=24

 C>
  +H?820;2><5>AC0??;820C8>=F8C70A4;0C8E4;HB<0;;C>C0;;>03>A0;>F
B<0;;A4C08;
 B4=B81;4740C502C>AF8C70B><4F70C;0A64A;>03
*7>?502C>AH
 


C>
  +H?820;2><5>AC0??;820C8>=
4?C
BC>A4

 0=:02C>AH

??;820C8>=F8C778678=C4A=0;B4=B81;4;>03B>AA4@D8A8=60;0A64 4?C
BC>A4

C>

0<>D=C>5>DC3>>A08A5>AE4=C8;0C8>= )4BC0DA0=C502C>AH

 

 >B?8C0;
C>

;;>DC3>>A08A0??;820C8>=B '?4A0C8=6)>><
 02C>AH



+01;4 8B06D8345>A34B86=?DA?>B4B
,BD0;;H0E0;D4>5
8B27>B4=5>A?02:064D=8CB0=3
5>A278;;43F0C4A>A24=CA0;/
BHBC4<B
+74B4B7>D;3142><?0A43F8C7C7458=0;4@D8?<4=C1H?0BB502C>A
!5C74A4B7>D;314038554A4=C>5>A<>A4C0=C74740C
4BC8<0C45>A>DCB83408AB7>D;314A420;2D;0C43

+745542C8E4)>><*4=B81;4 403)* 8BC>C0;;43


ROOM LATENT HEAT
+74 ;0C4=C 740C 608= 5A>< ?4>?;4 20= 14 >1C08=43 5A>< +01;4
 =H 4@D8?<4=C ;0C4=C 740C 8B 0;B> 03343
 +74 A>>< ;0C4=C 740C
)$ 20=C74=14C>C0;430=30502C>A>5B054CH>5 03343


+74;0C4=C740C5A><C74E4=C8;0C8>=>DCB83408A8B>1C08=435A><
Outside Air Latent Heat = Ventilation, cfm
x design specific humidity, (gr/lb)
   x 0.68 x BF

+7445542C8E4A>><C>C0;740C8BC74=>1C08=43
ERTH = ERSH + ERLH


OUTSIDE AIR HEAT
+74A4<08=8=6740C5A><C74>DCB83408A8B2><?DC430BB4C>DC8=C74;0BCCF>;8=4B>5C74BC8<0C4>A<0=3C74A0=3+>C0;740C8B
>1C08=43


DEHUMIDIFIED AND SUPPLY AIR QUANTITY


+7445542C8E4B4=B81;4740C502C>A* >5C74A>><8B>1C08=435A><
ESHF =ERSH
ERTH

#=>F8=6C74* C740??0A0CDB34F?>8=C(>5C742>8;20=145>D=35A><+01;4 


8
Table 13: Apparatus Dew Points.
)>><>=38C8>= 
 )  . . 5542C8E4*4=B81;4 40C02C>A0=3??0A0CDB4F?>8=C
>  > A ;1
   
  * 





 



( 
          
   
 * 








 
( 
         

+74E0;D4B7>F=8=C74;0BC2>;D<=8=3820C4BC74;>F4BC45542C8E4B4=B81;4740C502C>A?>BB81;4F8C7>DCC74DB4>5A4740C

+74347D<838584308A@D0=C8CHA4@D8A438BC70=>1C08=435A><

CFMDA = _________ ERSH _________
1.09 X (1- BF) X ( TRM TDP )

.74A4+)%8BC7434B86=A>><3AH1D;1C4<?4A0CDA40=3+(88C740??0A0CDB34F?>8=C5>D=35A><C7401>E4C01;4

+74>DC;4CC4<?4A0CDA438554A4=248B>1C08=435A><
( TRM T outlet air ) = __ _RSH___
1.09 X CFM

+78B38554A4=24B7>D;314;4BBC70=  >5>A=>A<0;248;8=674867CB0=3D?C>> 5>A7867248;8=6BF74=DB8=6248;8=63855DB4AB0=3


D?C>>F74=DB8=6BD??;H08A6A8;;4B


!5C74C4<?4A0CDA438554A4=248BC>78672>;33A05CBF8;;144G?4A84=243
+74BD??;H25<B7>D;3C74=1420;2D;0C435A><
Supply cfm = ____________RSH_____________
1.09 X temperature difference desire

+740<>D=C>508AC>141H?0BB?7HB820;;HA>D=3C742>8;F>D;3C74=14
cfm BA+ = cm SA cm DA

RESULTING ENTERING AND LEAVING CONDITIONS AT APPARATUS


+742>=38C8>=B>5C7408A4=C4A8=60=3;40E8=6C742>8;B20=14>1C08=435A><
T EDB = T RM + Cfm OA(T OA - T RH
Cfm DA

And T LDB = T ADP + BF X (T EDB - T ADP )
+74F4C1D;1C4<?4A0CDA420=C74=14>1C08=435A><C74?BH27><4CA82270AC0BB7>F=8=??4=38G

CHECK FIGURES
+74E0;D4B>5C748C4<B;8BC430CC741>CC><>5C74BC8<0C45>A<B7>D;31420;2D;0C430=32742:43F8C7+01;4 4B86==3>>;8=6
$>03742:86DA4B
+74586DA4BB7>D;3=>CE0AHE4AH<D27>C74AF8B402742:>=C7420;2D;0C8>=B<0H14=424BB0AH


+74C>C0;08A270=64B7>D;3=>C146A40C4AC70= >A3A05CBF>D;3>22DA




You might also like