FIRE DETECTION

AND ALARM
SYSTEM
FDAS
FDAS
• A fire alarm system has a number of devices working
together to detect and warn people through visual
and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon
monoxide or other emergencies are present.
• This warns occupants that there may be a fire and
that evacuation may be necessary.
• System may include remote
signaling equipment which can alert the fire brigade
or a remote monitoring center.
• Fire can be detected by; heat detectors, flame
detectors, smoke detectors, carbon monoxide
detectors and multi sensor detectors, or an alarm
can be triggered at manual call points.
• Alarms may consist of bells, sirens, horns, lights or a
combination these. Two power supplies are
required, generally a mains supply and batteries
providing 24 hours back up.
REASONS WHY FDAS
IS REQUIRED
• Detect fire in the areas.
• Notify building occupants to take evasive
action to escape the dangers of a hostile
fire.
• Summon organized assistance to initiate or
assist in fire control activities.
• Initiate automatic fire control &
suppression systems & to sound alarm.
• Supervise fire control & suppression
systems to assure operational status is
maintained
• Initiate auxiliary functions involving
environmental, utility & process controls
Mandating Law
Fire Code of the Philippines 1185

to view PD 1185
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fire Box (Manual Pull Station)
• When shorted trips an
alarm (usually fire)
• Installed in the normal exit
path
Types of Fire Box
• Single Action
Pull handle once or press
the button
• Glass Break
Glass rod or plate is broken
• Double Action
Lifting of a cover or opening
a door
FIRE DETECTORS
• Heat detectors
1. fixed temp type heat detector
2. rate-of-rise type heat detector
• Smoke detectors
1. Photoelectric
2. Ionization
• Flame detectors
1. Ultraviolet light (UV)
2. Infrared (IR) 3.4)
• Fire-gas detectors
FIXED TEMPERATURE
HEAT DETECTOR
Detects heat by one or more
of 3 primary principles of
physics:
• Expansion of heated
material
• Melting of heated material
• Changes in resistance of
heated material
RATE-OF-RISE HEAT
DETECTORS
• Operate on the principle that the temperature in a room
will increase faster from fire than from atmospheric
temperature
• Will initiate an alarm when the rise in temp. exceeds 12-
15F (7-8C) per minute
• Alarm can be initiated at a temp. far below that required
for a fixed temp. device
• Reliable devices, not subject to false activations but if not
properly installed, they can be activated under non fire
conditions (eg. detector located too close to doorway and
subject to extreme fluctuations in temperatures)
Pneumatic rate-of-rise spot detector
Pneumatic rate-of-rise line detector
Thermoelectric detector
PHOTOELECTRIC
SMOKE DETECTOR
• Uses a photocell coupled with a
specific light source.
• Basically smoke entering the
smoke detector chamber
disrupts the light beam causing
an alarm signal to be initiated
• More sensitive to smoldering
fires
Ionization Smoke
Detector
• Invisible products of combustion
enter the chamber decreasing
the current between the –ve &
+ve plates, thereby initiating an
alarm signal.
• Generally responds faster to
flaming fires versus smoldering
fires
• Automatically resets when the
atmosphere clears
Fire-Gas Detector
• Monitors levels of carbon dioxide
and carbon monoxide (common to
all fires)
• More discriminating than other
detectors – can be designed to be
sensitive only to gases produced by
specific types of hostile fires and
ignores gases produced by friendly
fires
• Not many in use – very specialized
applications
Flame Detector

•is a sensor designed

to detect and
respond to the
presence of a flame
or fire, allowing
flame detection
 OUTPUT DEVICES
• An audible alarm signal lets people know
the alarm system has been activated
• Devices may be mounted inside or outside
based on level of protection required
• May consist of:
Sirens
Bells
Buzzers
Horns
Voice Drivers
FIRE ALARM
SOUNDERS, BELLS AND
HORNS
FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL
• Conventional FDA System
• Addressable FDA System
CONVENTIONAL FIRE
DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

• Conventional fire sensors and manual

call points shall provide for continuous
surveillance the area.
• Main fire alarm panel shall derive
signals from the zone indicating panels
and audible and visual annunciation
shall be provided in the event of fire.
• Repeater panel shall be located in
security house / fire station to alert fire
fighting / security personnel.
• Fire detectors shall be selected
depending on the type of fire expected
in a particular area.
 • It is an automatic fire
detection & alarm
system consists of fire
detectors & manual
call points positioned
in Zones/ loop
through out a
building(Area).
• These are wired to
control & indicating
equipment which
shows the location of
ADDRESSABLE FIRE DETECTION alarm call, & actuates
audible alarm
& ALARM SYSTEM sounders.
 • Continuous supervision of the
detector connecting lines,
individual detector performance /
operation and disconnection /
removal of detectors.
• Discrimination between a real fire
and false fire conditions by
incorporating signal verification
and other features.
• Individual detector addressing
capability.
• Detection of over / under sensitive
detectors and automatic calibration
by increasing or decreasing their
sensitivity levels based on
environmental conditions like air
movement, fumes, humidity, etc.
• Pre-alarm in case of any detector /
detectors requiring maintenance.
Benefits of Addressable • Facility shall be provided for
alteration program according to
FDAS needs.
End of slides

…thank you!