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Transformacion Bilinear PDF
Transformacion Bilinear PDF
Butterworth Filters
Suggested Reading
Section 6.5, The Class of Butterworth Frequency-Selective Filters, pages 422-
428
Section 9.7.3, Butterworth Filters, pages 611-614
Section 10.8.3, The Bilinear Transformation, pages 665-667
24-1
Signals and Systems
24-2
BUTTERWORTH FILTERS
TRANSPARENCY
24.1
Frequency response IB(jw)1 2 = 1
2
for the class of 1 + (jw/jWc) N
Butterworth filters.
IB(w)|
1.0J
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 w/wc
I B(jco) 12 + 1
1 + (jwIjoc)2N
TRANSPARENCY
24.2
The square of the
magnitude of the
frequency response
and the system
function for
B(jw) B(-jo) -+ B(s) B(-s)
Butterworth filters.
B(s) B(-s) 1
1 + (s/jc)2N
s = (-1)1/ 2N
cC
Butterworth Filters
24-3
1
B(s) B(-s) =
1 + (s/j o c)2N
TRANSPARENCY
In 24.3
Transparencies 24.3
and 24.4 show a pole-
zero plot associated
with the Butterworth
filter. Shown here is
B(s) B(-s) the pole-zero pattern
for the square of the
magnitude of the
frequency response
for Butterworth filters.
~c
x
\ IC Re
1
B(s) B(- s) =
1 + (s/j Woe)2N
TRANSPARENCY
In 24.4
The pole-zero plot
for the system
function for a
Butterworth filter.
Since we restrict B(s)
B(s) to correspond to a
stable, causal filter, its
poles must all be in
the left half of the
s-plane.
x Re
-j \
Signals and Systems
24-4
MARKERBOARD
24.1 (a)
Sanhng\he =iokH)
Desired SeeciC.tom'
\ok H3 -+ 2T
9 0
at -2.Wtk 8
el \o3 c I byt ")I : - L
qi a = 0. a Tr
Oat to - lT-.5 k W
1 -,3 0 ,1 Hd(,te")\ 5-5
"3(p T= ? (vT)
TRANSPARENCY
24.5
Spectra illustrating
impulse invariance.
Butterworth Filters
24-5
TRANSPARENCY
24.6
Specifications on a
discrete-time filter to
be obtained from a
continuous-time
Butterworth filter
using impulse
invariance.
TRANSPARENCY
24.7
Pole-zero plot
associated with the
Butterworth filter to
be mapped to the
desired discrete-time
filter and a summary
of the steps in the
procedure.
Signals and Systems
24-6
1.2
1.0
.8
TRANSPARENCY
24.8 .6
Frequency response of
the discrete-time .4
Butterworth filter
designed using .2
impulse invariance.
0
0 .21 .4r .6r .81 w
0
-10
-20
-30
-40 EE--
-50
-60
-70
-80
.21 .4 .81
TRANSPARENCY
24.9
The bilinear
transformation for
mapping from
continuous-time to
discrete-time filters.
Butterworth Filters
24-7
z-plane
TRANSPARENCY
24.10
-- - - - - - - - - - Re Mapping from the
continuous-time
frequency axis to
the discrete-time
frequency axis
resulting from
the bilinear
transformation.
S = 2 arctan
2i 0i
TRANSPARENCY
24.11
Illustration of the
effect of the bilinear
transformation on the
approximation to a
lowpass filter.
p
Hd(ej) I
ii
I HC(jw) I I/ = 'tan \ /
2,=tan (2
Ci Ti
I
(A)P -
Signals and Systems
24-8
MARKERBOARD
24.1 (b)
TRANSPARENCY
24.12 wi 2 tan 12)
Determination of the
parameters for a
Butterworth filter to
be mapped to a
discrete-time filter
with the specifications 20 log 0 G (j 2 tan ( )>-1
in Transparency 24.6.
20 log 10 G j 2 tan 15
-0.37r
choose N=6
WC= 0.76622
I--
Butterworth Filters
24-9
TRANSPARENCY
24.13
The pole-zero plot
associated with the
squared magnitude
function for the
desired Butterworth
filter and the steps
involved in the
determination of the
discrete-time filter.
1.2
1.0
.8
TRANSPARENCY
.6 24.14
Frequency response
.4 for the discrete-time
filter obtained by
.2 mapping a
Butterworth filter
0 to a digital filter
.61r .87r 7r through the bilinear
transformation.
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80 .8ir iT
.6ir
.2ir
.21r .67r .87r
Signals and Systems
24-10
1.0
.8
TRANSPARENCY .6
24.15
Comparison of the .4
frequency responses
of digital filters .2
obtained through
impulse invariance 0
and through the .2w -41 -6w .8
bilinear trans-
formation.
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
0 .27r .4x .61r .81T ir
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