Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Surpac 6.0
July 2007
www.gemcomsoftware.com
Copyright 2007 Gemcom Software International Inc. (Gemcom).
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otherwise, does not form part of any contract. Changes may be made in products or services at any time
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While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, we assume no responsibility for
errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damage resulting from the use of the information
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Gemcom Software International Inc. Gemcom, the Gemcom logo, combinations thereof, and
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International Inc. or its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Contributors
Peter Esdale
Rowdy Bristol
Phil Jackson
Kiran Kumar
Product
Gemcom Surpac 6.0
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................. 4
Requirements......................................................................................................................................... 4
Objectives .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Workflow ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Concepts ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Drilling .................................................................................................................................................... 5
Blasting .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Getting Started............................................................................................................................ 9
Task: Setting the Work Directory ........................................................................................................... 9
Task: Opening the Blast Design Profile ............................................................................................... 10
Page 3 of 79
Introduction
The drill and blast module allows you to create and charge vertical and inclined holes in rectangular
patterns, along segments, or in a straight line between any two points digitised on the screen.
Requirements
Prior to proceeding with this tutorial, you will need:
Objectives
The objective of this tutorial is to allow you to create a blast design from start to finish, including all the
intermediate steps needed to produce the final report. It is not intended to be exhaustive in scope, but
will show the workflow needed to achieve a result. You can then refine and add to this workflow to meet
your specific requirements.
Workflow
The process described in this tutorial is outlined below:
1. Open blast design profile
2. Set up blast design defaults
3. Design blast hole collar pattern
4. Prime and load blast holes
5. Design the tie in pattern for firing
6. Up-load the blast design into the blast database
7. Create a true blast outline, using a blast destruction cone
8. Create a blast solid
9. Produce a blast report
Page 4 of 79
Concepts
There are several terms and concepts particular to this tutorial which will be explained here. Note that not
all terms are the same in all countries, and you may need to apply your preferred terminology where
applicable. Much of the terminology associated with this document is specific to the mining and quarrying
industries.
Drilling
Drilling parameters which are customisable include:
Diameter the diameter of drill hole in units of measure (ie. metres or feet).
Pattern - a set of blast holes which will be collectively drilled, sampled, charged, and blasted.
Toe - the bottom or ending point of a drill hole is referred to as the toe. A line defining the base point of a
slope may also be referred to as a toe.
Page 5 of 79
Concepts Drilling
Presplit Holes
Often holes are drilled at relatively close spacing along a planned fracture plane. These holes are
referred to in Surpac as presplit holes. Surpac can create presplit holes along a straight line or along a
segment. The example below shows presplit holes created along a segment, and in a straight line. One
set of holes are created from one segment, the crest of a bench, to another segment, the toe of the ramp.
The horizontal holes, which could be used as drains in a pit wall, or for sampling, were created along a
straight line.
An example of presplit holes is shown:
Blast Boundary
A blast boundary can be generated for a designed pattern using blast cones around each drill hole. The
outermost segments of each cone are joined up to create the blast boundary.
Page 6 of 79
Concepts Drilling
Blast Solid
A blast solid can be generated by using the blast boundary and projecting it down to a design elevation or
to a DTM surface.
Tie in patterns
A tie in pattern can be generated using one of the standard templates, or you can select holes/tie in lines
individually to generate a customised pattern.
Page 7 of 79
Concepts Blasting
Blasting
Booster name may be selected from Anzomex G (PG), Anzomex H (PH), Anzomex K (PK), Anzomex P
(PPE), Anzomex PP D (PPD), Anzomex PP P (PPPE), Jumbo prime (PJ) or Stopeprime (PSP DL).
Database - All of the drilling and blasting information for each hole can be saved to a database. Surpac
supports MS-Access(TM), and any database connectable via ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity). The
recommended database type is MS-Access(TM).
Depth of stemming - rock chips, dirt, or other non-explosive material placed on top of the charge.
Detonator name -, may be selected from Excel LP, Nonel LP, Nonel MS, connectadet or enduradet.
Detonator position in the hole may be selected from top, middle or bottom of the hole.
Explosive - may be selected from ANFO 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0, Power Gel, air or stemming.
Blast summary - The blast summary report gives a rundown of all the blast design and costing
details, including such things as total drilling length, explosive products, mass of explosive down
each hole, powder factor, blast volume, drilling cost and explosive cost.
Pattern setout - The pattern setout report contains a list of hole numbers and their coordinates
Work order - The work order report gives details of the total number of explosive products to be
used in a blast, including such things as number and type of detonators in the blast, total mass of
explosive, kilograms of explosive per hole and number of boosters required.
Page 8 of 79
Getting Started
Overview
The following will be presented in this chapter:
A work directory is the default directory for saving Surpac files. Files used in this tutorial are stored in the
folder:
<installation directory>\demo_data\tutorials\drill_and_blast
The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar of the Surpac window.
Page 9 of 79
Getting Started Task: Opening the Blast Design Profile
4. If you wish to set this as your default profile every time you start Surpac, right click in the area
immediately to the right of the Help Menu and choose Profiles then Set current as default.
For more information on setting up profiles and customising menus and toolbars, see the Introduction to
Surpac tutorial.
Page 10 of 79
Modifying Blast Design Defaults
Overview
The following concepts will be presented in this chapter:
Note: The blasting.ssi file should be backed up regularly as it contains all your default blast design and cost
parameters. Accidental overwriting or deletion of this file will require manual re-input of all the information.
Notice the panel for Drill Rigs. By right clicking the row number and selecting Add, you can add the
names of any drill rigs you have on site to this list. The drill rig can then be assigned to a blast pattern
when designing a blast.
Page 11 of 79
Modifying Blast Design Defaults Charging Defaults Tab
2. Right click on one of the row numbers and select Add, to create a new record.
3. Enter the rock classification details in the following columns
Rock Name - Basalt Fresh
Rock Description - FreshBas
SG - 2.8
Powder Factor - 0.8
Sub Drill - 0.6
Burden - 2.5
Spacing - 2.5
Blast cone angle - 50
Drilling cost per unit length - 30
Page 12 of 79
Modifying Blast Design Defaults Firing Defaults Tab
Note: The Rock Name and Rock Description entries are case sensitive.
The values entered in the previous form are used in various other parts of the tutorial. For example, when
reporting on a blast with the Rock name of Basalt Fresh, the mass of blasted material will be calculated
using a specific gravity (SG) of 2.8. Other values will be explained as you progress through the tutorial.
Note: You may see different data if the drill and blast tutorial has already been run on your computer. If so, leave the
data alone and simply Apply the form.
The burden value for oxide has been filled in incorrectly. Look at the fields Rock name and Burden.
4. Change the burden value to 6.
Page 13 of 79
Modifying Blast Design Defaults Rock Mass Classification (RMC) Polygons
You have now set up two RMC polygon files that can be used to automatically set burden and spacing
when designing a blast pattern. This will be covered in a later chapter of this tutorial.
If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run
01_data_setup.tcl
Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt Click in graphics to continue in the message window,
you will need to click in graphics. Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 14 of 79
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
Overview
The following concepts will be presented in this chapter:
Creating blast patterns using the auto spacing and burden from polygons option.
Saving the blast pattern and loading the holes to the blast database.
Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden from
Polygons
1. Open bench960_950.str.
2. Open rmc_960.str.
Note: The polygon file must be in the currently active layer to use the auto spacing and burden from polygons option -
ie. drag the polygon file into graphics last.
For this chapter of the tutorial you are going to design a blast pattern for the upper bench in the pit
pickup, and align it with one section of the free face.
3. Choose Blast Design > Create blast pattern.
You are prompted to Select area for blasting holes.
In this case, you will select an area larger than you wish to blast and then trim the blast.
4. Click and drag an area similar to that shown.
Page 15 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
from Polygons
5. By holding down the right mouse button to rotate the selected area, and holding down the left
mouse button to move the selected area, orientate the blast pattern to align with the longest
section of the free face as shown.
Note: The coordinates of the Blasting Grid Origin, Grid Height, Width and Angle will be different for you, but should be of
similar magnitude.
Page 16 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
from Polygons
Grid Height The length of the grid along the axis labelled "Burden".
Grid Width The length of the grid along the axis labelled "Spacing".
Grid Angle Grid angle may be set to any value from 0 to 360. The grid angle is the azimuth, or
bearing of the axis labelled "Burden".
Page 17 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
from Polygons
Rectangular Staggered
Regular Zig-Zag
In these examples, the rows are ordered from south to north. It is possible to order the rows from north to
south or east to west or west to east by rotating the grid to an angle of 90, 180, or 270 degrees
respectively.
Page 18 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
from Polygons
Spacing input
You have three choices:
Modify burden and spacing by polygon will use the burden and spacing defined in the blast
design defaults file. Setting up these polygons and the blast design defaults has already been
explained in the chapter Modify Blast Design Defaults.
Under the section Manual Burden/Spacing, you have the choice of either Burden and Spacing
or Number of holes.
If you select Burden and Spacing, you will be prompted for the burden (distance between rows)
and the spacing (distance between holes in a row). The number of holes in each direction is
calculated based on the grid height and grid width, and is displayed on the Blast pattern design
form. For example, if the grid height is 120, and the burden is 10, the number of rows is 13 (120/10
+ 1). If the grid width is 60, and the burden is 7.5, the number of columns (or holes per row) is 9
(60/7.5 + 1).
In the example below, a burden of 10 and a spacing of 7.5 has been used.
If you select Number of holes, you will be prompted for the number of holes per row, and the number of
holes per column. The spacing between holes in each direction is calculated based on the grid height and
grid width, and displayed on the form. If the grid height is 120, and the burden is 10, the number of rows
is set to 11, the burden (spacing between rows) will be 12 ( 120 / (11 - 1) ). If the grid width is 60, and the
number of columns is set to 21, the spacing (distance between holes in a row) will be 3 ( 60 / (21-1) ).
Page 19 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
from Polygons
Collar Elevation
May be either Fixed, DTM layer, or DTM file.
If Fixed is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The collar elevations of all
holes in the pattern will be set to this value.
If DTM layer is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which
contains a DTM.
Note: This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and
not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and
not with any of the solids modelling tools.
The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects
the DTM.
If DTM file is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and whether
or not you wish for the DTM to be displayed. The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the
elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM.
Toe Elevation
May be either Set Length, Set Elevation, DTM layer, or DTM file.
If Set Length is selected, you will be prompted to enter a hole length. The length of all holes in the
pattern will be set to this value.
If Set Elevation is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The elevation of
the toes (end, or bottom point) of all holes in the pattern will be set to this value.
If DTM layer is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which
contains a DTM. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the
hole intersects the DTM.
Note: This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and not
a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of
the solids modelling tools.
If DTM file is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, as well as
whether or not you would like to see this DTM file displayed on the screen. The toe elevation of
each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM.
Hole Bearing
Hole bearing may be set to any value from 0 to 360. The bearing (also known as azimuth) of all holes in
this pattern will be set to this value. For vertical holes, hole bearing may be set to any value. Zero is
commonly used for the bearing of vertical holes. The bearing is measured as the azimuth in plan view
from the collar to the toe, or end of the hole.
Hole Dip
Hole dip may be set to any value from -90 to 0. The dip of all holes in this pattern will be set to this value.
For vertical holes drilled down, hole dip should be set to -90. For horizontal holes, the dip should be set to
zero. The dip is measured as the angle from the horizontal plane to the toe, or end of the hole.
Hole Diameter
The hole diameter is to be entered in units of measure. If you are using the metric system, this is in
meters. For example, a 76mm hole would be entered as 0.076 (meters). If you are using the imperial
system, enter this value as feet. For example, a 6 inch hole would be entered as 0.5 (feet). The diameter
is written to the D4 field of the first point of the segment which represents the hole.
Page 20 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern Using Auto Spacing and Burden
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
from Polygons
Clip to Boundary
After you apply this form, if CLIP TO BOUNDARY is set to Yes, then you will be prompted to select a
closed segment. All holes that would have fallen outside this boundary will be deleted. Direction of the
boundary segment is ignored. In other words, if the segment is anticlockwise, it is treated as if it was
clockwise for determining if a hole is inside or outside the segment.
Pattern Identifier
The pattern identifier is a string of text and/or numbers that will be written to the field blast pattern if the
data is written to a database. The pattern identifier is written to the D2 field of the first point of the
segment which represents each hole.
Hole ID Prefix
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to precede
the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be
numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3, etc., you would enter "940-" as the hole ID prefix. The hole ID prefix may
be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc.
Hole ID Suffix
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to come after
the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be
numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter "rc" as the hole ID suffix. The hole ID suffix may be left
blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc.
Starting Value
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID), starting at the number specified here. For
example, if you wanted the first hole number to be 1000, the second hole to be numbered 1001, the third
hole to be numbered 1002, etc, then you would enter a starting value of 1000.
Sequence Rows, and Row Increment
It is possible to commence each row of blast holes with an ID number that is incremented from a base
value. For example, each row might commence with an even hundred value, i.e. 100 for the first row, 200
for the second row, etc. If this option is selected the incremental value that defines the starting hole ID for
each new row should be entered in the row increment field. Obviously, the increment chosen must be
greater than the number of columns in each row.
Pad Hole id, Length, and Character
To insure that holes are presented in order when viewing them in a database table, you may want to
"pad" the numeric portion of the hole with a character. For example, if you wanted holes numbered ABC-
001, ABC-002, ABC-003, etc, you would say "Yes" to Pad Hole_id, set Pad Length to 3, and set Pad
Character to "0".
Page 21 of 79
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons Task: Clip Blast Pattern to Area on the Top Bench
1 No 1, 2, 3
A 1 No A1, A2, A3
Page 22 of 79
Task: Save the String File and Load Holes to the Blast
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
Database
Task: Save the String File and Load Holes to the Blast Database
1. Choose File > Save > string/DTM
2. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Note: After loading a blast pattern to the database, the string layer is deleted and holes from the database displayed.
This is to avoid having two copies of the blast pattern in graphics at the one time, which could potentially contain
conflicting information after an editing operation. You do not have to save the string file, because it is possible to
download a pattern from a blast database back into string file format.
Note: Make sure you are using the Blast Database menu as shown, and not the one from the Geological Database
menu.
Page 23 of 79
Task: Save the String File and Load Holes to the Blast
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
Database
You will notice that there are two panels at the top of this form, labelled Duplicate holes in database
and Extra holes in database respectively. These two panels warn you when a blast pattern with the
same identification already exists in the blast database, and gives you the option of what to do in this
case.
There are two situations where you would have a duplicate blast pattern.
The first situation is when you mistakenly type in a duplicate Pattern Identifier on the Blast
Pattern Design form. In this case, you should cancel the Load Blast Holes to Database form
and edit the Pattern Identifier before continuing the Load Blast Holes to Database operation.
Tip: Use string maths to change the d2 field to a unique Pattern Identifier, before proceeding.
The second situation is where you have modified an existing pattern and now wish to overwrite the
original pattern stored in the blast database with the new information.
Page 24 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern With More than one Burden and
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
Spacing
Task: Design a Blast Pattern With More than one Burden and Spacing
1. Click the Reset graphics icon .
2. Open bench960_950.str.
3. Open multiple_rmc_zones.str.
4. Choose Blast design > Create blast pattern.
You are prompted to Select area for blasting holes.
5. Create an area similar to that shown.
Page 25 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern With More than one Burden and
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
Spacing
Note: The coordinates of the Blasting Grid Origin, Grid Height, Width and Angle will be different, but should be of similar
magnitude.
8. Click the Hole Settings tab.
9. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Page 26 of 79
Task: Design a Blast Pattern With More than one Burden and
Designing a Blast Pattern Using RMC Polygons
Spacing
Note: Some editing of holes will be required at the contact zone between different RMC areas, as the burden and
spacing conditions can not be met in all cases at these locations.
If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run
02_auto_rmc_patterns.tcl
Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt Click in graphics to continue in the message window,
you will need to click in graphics. Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 27 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern
Overview
The following concepts will be presented in this chapter:
Unload a blast pattern from the blast database into a string file format.
Charging blast holes.
Tie in a firing pattern.
Upload firing pattern to blast database.
You should now have a display that looks like the image below:
Page 28 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Charge All Holes
Page 29 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Tie in a Diagonal Firing Pattern
3. Define the first row of the pattern by clicking and dragging to identify the tie in for the first row.
See the image below.
Page 30 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Tie in a Diagonal Firing Pattern
The tie in delay information is written into the description fields of each of the blast holes, so the
information can be saved and uploaded to the blast database.
The tie in lines have been created in the new layer, in this case called tie_in. You should switch to that
layer and save the file if you wish to keep a copy for plotting, later recall, visualising etc., as this string file
is not saved when uploading the tie in information to the blast database.
There are also functions to animate and step through the blast firing sequence.
4. Double click on the tie-in layer in the layer chooser to make it the active layer.
Page 31 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Upload Tie in Pattern to the Blast Database
Note: Make sure you tick the option to Overwrite with new blast holes, as you now wish to replace the original data
with the new pattern, including the firing sequence information.
Page 32 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Upload Tie in Pattern to the Blast Database
The firing sequence information will now be loaded to the blast database and the holes contained within
the database displayed in graphics.
Note: You can view a single blast hole by selecting the Database menu, then select Display followed by View a blast
hole. You can change the display styles for such things as explosive, stemming etc. by selecting the Database menu, then
select Display followed by Blast hole display styles.
Page 33 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Tie in a V Firing Pattern
Page 34 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Tie in a V Firing Pattern
8. Define the apex of the V pattern, and the two sides of the V, by clicking and dragging each line as
shown.
Page 35 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Tie in a Customised Firing Pattern
Note: For this example, no template has been used and you are able to tie in the holes in any order or pattern that you
select.
Page 36 of 79
Load and Tie in a Firing Pattern Task: Tie in a Customised Firing Pattern
8. Select some holes to define the holes in the first row as shown.
Note: The holes for row 1 are selected by clicking on the end points of the row, and then pressing ESCAPE.
Note: Once you have finished a tie in row, press ESCAPE and you will be prompted to start the next row. When you
have completed all rows in the firing sequence, press ESCAPE twice to finish the operation.
If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run
03a_load_&_tie_pattern1.tcl
03b_v_pattern.tcl
03c_custom_pattern.tcl
Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt Click in graphics to continue in the message window,
you will need to click in graphics. Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 37 of 79
Create a Blast Boundary and Blast Solid
Overview
The following concepts will be presented in this chapter:
Unload a blast pattern from the blast database into a string file format
Create a blast boundary, using a destruction cone around every blast hole
Create a blast solid using the blast boundary
You should now have a graphics display that looks like the image shown.
Page 38 of 79
Create a Blast Boundary and Blast Solid Task: Create Blast Boundary String
Note: The option to Overwrite cone angle has been ticked. Normally the value you enter as cone angle in the blast
design defaults is used, but in this case the option to temporarily override the value has been selected.
You should now have a graphics display that looks like the image shown.
Prompts: 1. Select the crest segment of the free face to clip with.
2. Select the true blast boundary segment.
3. Select a point which lies on a part of the blast boundary to retain.
Page 39 of 79
Create a Blast Boundary and Blast Solid Task: Create Blast Solid
3. Use the mouse to select a point on the blast boundary segment. You should now have a blast solid
displayed in graphics that looks similar to the image below.
4. Choose File > Save > string/DTM and name the file solid_bp1.dtm.
If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run
04_blast_boundary_&_solid.tcl
which will run through all the steps in this chapter of the tutorial.
Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt Click in graphics to continue in the message window,
you will need to click in graphics. Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 40 of 79
Create a Blast Report
Overview
The following concept will be presented in this chapter:
Generate a blast report using a blast design and a solid created from the blast pattern.
Task: Recall the Pit Pickup String File and Blast Pattern
5. Click the Reset graphics icon .
6. Open bench960_950.str.
7. Choose Display > Display loaded blastholes.
8. Enter the following information, and then click Apply.
You should now have the blast pattern and pit pickup displayed in graphics.
Page 41 of 79
Create a Blast Report Task: Generate a Blast Summary Report
Note: There are three options for the report type. Generally, the consolidated report is the best option to select, as it
will still produce a report in most situations even if some information is not available. For example, if the blast
pattern contains two rock classifications but the blast solid contains only one object/trisolation, then a detailed
report cannot be produced because there is no way to determine what proportion of the volume belongs to which
rock classification. In this case the consolidated report will still produce a report using the total combined volume.
Page 42 of 79
Create a Blast Report Task: Generate a Blast Work Order Report
Page 43 of 79
Create a Blast Report Task: Generate a Blast Work Order Report
You should now have a blast work order report, work_order_bp1.not, displayed.
If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run
05a_blast_report.tcl and 05b_blast_work_order.tcl
which will run through all the steps in this chapter of the tutorial.
Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt Click in graphics to continue in the message window,
you will need to click in graphics. Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 44 of 79
Pre-split Holes
Overview
The following concepts will be presented in this chapter:
Often holes are drilled at relatively close spacing along a planned fracture plane. These holes are
referred to in Surpac as presplit holes. Surpac can create presplit holes along a straight line, or along a
segment. The example below shows presplit holes created along a segment, and in a straight line. One
set of holes are created from one segment, the crest of a bench, to another segment, the toe of the ramp.
The horizontal holes, which could be used as drains in a pit wall, or for sampling, were created along a
straight line.
Page 45 of 79
Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
String Description
1 ramp strings
Page 46 of 79
Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
You will create a pattern near the ramp from the 950 elevation to the toe of the ramp.
These holes are shown below:
Page 47 of 79
Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
8. Click the 950 crest as shown, drag to the top of the ramp, and then release the mouse button.
Note: If, as you were dragging, any other segment was highlighted, you may have selected a different string. If any other
string was selected, press ESCAPE and try again.
Page 48 of 79
Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
Spacing input
Either Spacing or No holes (i.e., "Number of holes").
If you select Spacing, you will be prompted to enter the spacing distance between holes. The number of
holes is calculated based on the line length, and displayed on the form. As shown on the Pre-split
Parameters above, if the line length is 112.283, and the spacing is 5, the number of holes is 23
(truncated integer value of (112.3/5 + 1) ).
If you select No holes, you will be prompted for the number of holes you want drilled between the first
and last points. The spacing between holes is calculated based on the line length, and displayed on the
form. If the line length is 112.283, and you enter number of holes as 11, the spacing between holes will
be 11.228 (112.283/ (11 - 1) ).
Collar Elevation
Either Fixed, Selected Segment, DTM layer, or DTM file.
If Fixed is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The collar elevations of all
presplit holes created will be set to this value.
If you select Selected Segment, the collar elevations of all holes will be set to the elevation of the
selected segment at the specified distance along the segment.
If you select DTM layer, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which contains
a DTM. The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM at the XY coordinates of
the collar location.
Note: This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and
not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and
not with any of the solids modelling tools.
If you select DTM file, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and also whether
or not you wish for this file to be displayed. The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of
the DTM at the XY coordinates of the collar location.
Toe Elevation
Either Set Length, Set Elevation, DTM layer, DTM file, or Set to Segment.
If Set Length is selected, you will be prompted to enter a hole length. The length of all holes created will
be set to this value.
If Set Elevation is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The elevation of the
toes (end, or bottom point) of all holes created will be set to this value.
If DTM layer is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which contains
a DTM. This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM
surface and not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function
CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to
the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM.
If DTM file is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and whether or not
you would like to see the DTM file displayed. The nominated DTM must be numbered object 1, trisolation
1, and it must be a DTM surface - not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created
using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools. The toe elevation of
each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM.
If Set to Segment is selected, after the form is applied, you will be prompted to enter a Segment offset,
and a Fix Value. You will then be prompted to select a segment, and, if the segment offset amount is not
zero, you will be prompted to select which side of the segment you wish the toes to be extended. Where
possible, the holes will be extended to the segment at the nominated offset distance. In some cases,
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
such as interior corners shown below, you must choose between maintaining the bearing or the offset of
the hole.
If you set Fix Value to Bearing, the orientation of the holes will remain perpendicular to the collar
segment, but the offset will not be honoured. If you set Fix Value to Offset, the offset distance will be
honoured, but the bearing of the hole will not be perpendicular to the collar segment.
Bearing Offset
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
system, enter this value as feet. For example, a 6 inch hole would be entered as 0.5 (feet). The diameter
is written to the D4 field of the first point of the segment which represents the hole.
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
Clip to Boundary
After you apply this form, if CLIP TO BOUNDARY is set to Yes, you will be prompted to select a closed
segment. All holes whose collar location would have fallen outside this boundary will be deleted. Direction
of the boundary segment is ignored. In other words, if the segment is anticlockwise, it is treated as if it
was clockwise for determining if a hole is inside or outside the segment.
Pattern Identifier
The pattern identifier is a string of text and/or numbers that will be written to the field blast_pattern if the
data is written to a database. The pattern identifier is written to the D1 field of the first point of the
segment which represents each hole.
Hole ID Prefix
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to precede
the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be
numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3, etc., you would enter "940-" as the hole ID prefix. The hole ID prefix may
be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc.
Hole ID Suffix
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to come after
the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be
numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter "rc" as the hole ID suffix. The hole ID suffix may be left
blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc.
Starting Value
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID), starting at the number specified here. For
example, if you wanted the first hole number to be 101, the second hole to be numbered 102, the third
hole to be numbered 103, etc, then you would enter a starting value of 101.
Pad Hole_id, Length, and Character
To ensure that holes are presented in order when viewing them in a database table, you may want to
"pad" the numeric portion of the hole with a character. For example, if you wanted holes numbered ABC-
001, ABC-002, ABC-003, etc, you would say "Yes" to Pad Hole_id, set Pad Length to 3, and set Pad
Character to "0".
1 No 1, 2, 3
A 1 No A1, A2, A3
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
After applying the form, you will be prompted to select a segment which will be used as the toe position.
10. Select the ramp string as shown.
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Segment
Notice that the holes are numbered with the prefix 940-, suffix of "ps", and are drilled from the 950 crest
down to the ramp toe.
The result will be a series of two-point segments in the layer blast hole layer which represent individual
holes. The first point of the segment is at the collar, and the second point of the segment is the toe, or
end of the hole. If the layer blast hole layer does not exist, it gets created. If there are no strings in the
blast hole layer, or if the blast hole layer does not exist, the string number used for the holes will be the
design string number. If there are strings in the blast hole layer, the string number assigned to the holes
will be one greater than the maximum string number.
13. Choose Display > Hide point > Attributes.
14. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
Collar (start of segment) DrillBlast1.1 Hole ID Hole Number Hole Length Diameter
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
In this example, you want to ensure that you only create holes which are at least 1.5 meters long as
anything shorter is not worth blasting.
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
5. Click and drag in graphics to become familiar with the contents of the file.
Notice that the following string numbers are used:
String Description
1 ramp strings
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
In this example, you will create horizontal drain holes on the pit wall. The holes you will create are shown
below.
You will use a DTM of the pit wall in this area to set the elevation of the holes.
6. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Create DTM from string file.
7. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Note: It is not necessary to display this file in graphics in order to use it to create holes.
8. Close the log file
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
Note: The coordinates of the Presplit Line Origin, Line Length and Bearing will be different, but should be of similar
magnitude.
Notice that you are nominating a DTM file to set the collar elevations. The elevation of the holes created
will be equal to the elevation of the DTM at the given XY coordinates of each hole.
You are setting the Bearing of the holes to be Perp. to Segment (ie. perpendicular to the line you
created). After applying the form, you will be prompted to select which side of the line you created to
create the holes.
By setting the hole dip to zero degrees, you will be creating horizontal holes.
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
If DTM file is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and whether or not
you would like to see the DTM file displayed. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of
the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM.
If Set to Segment is selected after the form is applied, you will be prompted to enter a Segment offset,
and a Fix Value. You will then be prompted to select a segment, and, if the segment offset amount is not
zero, you will be prompted to select which side of the segment you wish the toes to be extended. Where
possible, the holes will be extended to the segment at the nominated offset distance. In some cases,
such as interior corners shown below, you must choose between maintaining the bearing or the offset of
the hole. If you set Fix Value to Bearing, the orientation of the holes will remain perpendicular to the
collar segment, but the offset will not be honoured. If you set Fix Value to Offset, the offset distance will
be honoured, but the bearing of the hole will not be perpendicular to the collar segment.
Bearing Offset
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
Hole Dip
If Hole Length is Set to Segment, hole bearing and dip will be determined by the geometry of the
selected segment, and bearing, hole bearing, and dip will not require input. Hole dip may be set to any
value between -90 to +90 if the angular units are set to degrees, and -100 to +100 if the angular units are
set to grads.. The dip of all holes in this pattern will be set to this value. For vertical holes drilled down,
hole dip should be set to -90. For horizontal holes, the dip should be set to zero. The dip is measured as
the angle from the horizontal plane to the toe, or end of the hole.
Hole Diameter
The hole diameter is to be entered in units of measure. If you are using the metric system, this is in
meters. For example, a 76mm hole would be entered as 0.076 (meters). If you are using the imperial
system, enter this value as feet. For example, a 6 inch hole would be entered as 0.5 (feet). The diameter
is written to the D4 field of the first point of the segment which represents the hole.
Clip to Boundary
After you apply this form, if CLIP TO BOUNDARY is set to Yes, then you will be prompted to select a
closed segment. All holes whose collar location would have fallen outside this boundary will be deleted.
Direction of the boundary segment is ignored. In other words, if the segment is anticlockwise, it is treated
as if it was clockwise for determining if a hole is inside or outside the segment.
Pattern Identifier
The pattern identifier is a string of text and/or numbers that will be written to the field blast_pattern if the
data is written to a database. The pattern identifier is written to the D1 field of the first point of the
segment which represents each hole.
Hole ID Prefix
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to precede
the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be
numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3, etc., you would enter "940-" as the hole ID prefix. The hole ID prefix may
be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc.
Hole ID Suffix
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to come after
the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be
numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter "rc" as the hole ID suffix. The hole ID suffix may be left
blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc.
Starting Value
All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID), starting at the number specified here. For
example, if you wanted the first hole number to be 101, the second hole to be numbered 102, the third
hole to be numbered 103, etc, then you would enter a starting value of 101.
Pad Hole_id, Length, and Character
To insure that holes are presented in order when viewing them in a database table, you may want to
"pad" the numeric portion of the hole with a character. For example, if you wanted holes numbered ABC-
001, ABC-002, ABC-003, etc, you would say "Yes" to Pad Hole_id, set Pad Length to 3, and set Pad
Character to "0".
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
1 No 1, 2, 3
A 1 No A1, A2, A3
After applying the Pre-split Parameters form, you will be prompted to select the direction to which the
holes will be drilled.
12. Select a point to the east of the line as shown.
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
Notice that the holes are numbered with the prefix 950-, suffix of "d", start at hole 701, and are horizontal.
The result will be a series of two-point segments in the layer "blast hole layer" which represent individual
holes. The first point of the segment is at the collar, and the second point of the segment is the toe, or
end of the hole. If the layer "blast hole layer" does not exist, it gets created. If there are no strings in the
blast hole layer, or if the blast hole layer does not exist, the string number used for the holes will be the
design string number. If there are strings in the blast hole layer, the string number assigned to the holes
will be one greater than the maximum string number.
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Pre-split Holes Task: Creating Pre-split Holes Along a Straight Line
If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run
06a_presplit_holes_segment.tcl and 06b_presplit_holes_line.tcl
which will run through all the steps in this chapter of the tutorial.
Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt Click in graphics to continue in the message window,
you will need to click in graphics. Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
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Blast Database Concepts
Overview
The following concepts will be presented in this chapter:
hole_diameter plotting_pattern
rock_class style_type
subdrill table_name
surface_delay to_value
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Blast Database Concepts Task: Creating a new Drill & Blast Database
4. Click Apply.
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Blast Database Concepts Task: Creating a new Drill & Blast Database
At this point a database is created and a connection is made to the database as shown in the status bar
at the bottom of the screen.
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Blast Database Concepts Task: Upgrading a v5.0 Blast Database
4. Click Yes
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Loading the Blast Database
Overview
The following concept will be presented in this chapter:
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
If duplicate holes exist and Overwrite is set to "N", the database will be left untouched, and none of the
data from the blast hole layer will be loaded to the database. As an example, if a hole named 950-801
exists in the database, with data in the collar, survey, and sample table, and you select to overwrite it, all
of the data pertaining to hole 950-801 in the collar, survey, and sample tables will be deleted.
If you select "N", you will not be prompted to enter a table name. No new sample intervals will be created
in any table in the database.
hole_id
samp_id
FIELD NAMES
depth_from
depth_to
It is not necessary to have sample element fields in order to create sample intervals. In the example
immediately above, the SAMPLE table only contains hole_id, samp_id, depth_from, and depth_to. It
does not contain any sample element fields, such as gold, silver, copper, ash_content, DDT_ppm, etc.,
and yet it is acceptable to load sample intervals into such a table. Fields may be added afterward with the
ADD FIELD option.
Additional rows of data will be written to the nominated table. The hole_id will be taken from the string
data in the blast hole layer. The samp_id will be taken from the sample prefix, suffix, and sample id
method chosen. The fields depth_from and depth_to will be calculated from the sampling method
selected.
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
Sample prefix
All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample
ID). Any characters which you wish to precede the alphanumeric portion of the sample name can be
entered here. You can use the characters "%ID%" to represent the hole ID.
For example, if the hole ID was 940, and you wanted the samples to be numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3,
etc., you would enter "%ID%-" as the sample prefix. The sample prefix may be left blank. If it is blank, the
samples will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. or A, B, C, etc.
Increment start
All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample
ID), starting at the number or letter specified here. For example, if you wanted the first sample number to
be 101, the second sample to be numbered 102, the third sample to be numbered 103, etc, then you
would enter a starting value of 101.
Sample Suffix
All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample
ID). Any characters which you wish to come after the alphanumeric portion of the sample name can be
entered here. For example, if you wanted the samples to be numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter
"rc" as the sample suffix. The sample suffix may be left blank. If it is blank, the samples will be numbered
1, 2, 3, etc. or A, B, C, etc.
Increment method
Either continuous or reset at each hole. If you want your samples to start incrementing at each new
hole, use reset at each hole. If you want your sample numbers at the start of each hole to be one greater
than the value at the end of the previous hole, use continuous
For example, if you were taking two samples per hole, and set Increment method to reset at each hole,
Sample prefix to %ID%-, Increment start to "A", and were starting with hole ID DH5, you would get
sample ids of: DH5-A, DH5-B, DH6-A, DH6-B, DH7-A, DH7-B.
If you were taking two samples per hole, and set Increment method to "continuous", Sample prefix to
%ID%-, Increment start to "A", and were starting with hole ID DH5, you would get sample ids of: DH5-A,
DH5-B, DH6-C, DH6-D, DH7-E, DH7-F.
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
950-8 1 0 0 continuous 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
950-8_1, 950-8_2,
950-8 %ID%_ 1 0 0 continuous 950-8_3, 950-9_1,
950-9_2
950-8-A, 950-8-B,
950-8 %ID%- A 0 0 continuous 950-8-C, 950-9-A,
950-9-B
BM098, BM099,
DH3 BM 98 3 0 continuous BM100, BM101,
BM102
DH3_1, DH3_2,
DH3 %ID% 1 2 _ reset DH3_3, DH4_1,
DH4_2
DH04-1a, DH04-2a,
DH04 %ID%- 1 0 0 a reset DH04-3a, DH05-1a,
DH05-2a,
If you select varying lengths, sample increments of uneven length will be created at the set of sample
lengths entered. The sample lengths must be separated by semicolons.
For example, if you wanted samples from 0 to 1, 1 to 4, and 4 to 9, you would enter 1;4;9.
If you select single sample, you will get one sample per hole. If you leave sample length(s) blank, the
sample will be equal to the length of the hole. If you enter a sample length equal to or shorter than the
hole length, the sample will be set to that length. If you enter a sample length longer than the hole length,
the sample length will be set equal to the length of the hole.
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
The options for End sample method are: ignore partial sample, include partial sample, extend to
hole length, extend on tolerance, or include if min length.
If you select ignore partial sample, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be ignored. For
example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the remaining
3m after the last full sample (40m to 50m) would be ignored.
Hole depth: 53
Fixed sample length: 10
DH3 DH3_1 0 10
DH3 DH3_2 10 20
DH3 DH3_3 20 30
DH3 DH3_4 30 40
DH3 DH3_5 40 50
If you select include partial sample, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as
a partial sample. For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m,
then the remaining 3m after the last full sample (40m to 50m) would be included as a sample of 3m.
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
Hole depth: 53
Fixed sample length: 10
DH3 DH3_1 0 10
DH3 DH3_2 10 20
DH3 DH3_3 20 30
DH3 DH3_4 30 40
DH3 DH3_5 40 50
DH3 DH3_6 50 53
If you select extend to hole length, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as
part of the last sample. For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was
53m, then the last sample in the hole would be adjusted to be from 40m to 53m.
Hole depth: 53
Fixed sample length: 10
DH3 DH3_1 0 10
DH3 DH3_2 10 20
DH3 DH3_3 20 30
DH3 DH3_4 30 40
DH3 DH3_5 40 53
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
If you select extend on tolerance, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as
part of the last sample if it is with the specified end of hole tolerance value. For example if you specified
fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the last sample in the hole would be
adjusted to be from 40m to 53m if the end hole tolerance was greater than 3m, otherwise the over drill
would be ignored with the last sample being from 40m to 50m.
Hole depth: 53
Fixed sample length: 10
End hole tolerance distance: 5
EXTEND ON TOLERANCE
DH3 DH3_1 0 10
DH3 DH3_2 10 20
DH3 DH3_3 20 30
DH3 DH3_4 30 40
DH3 DH3_5 40 53
Hole depth: 53
Fixed sample length: 10
End hole tolerance distance: 2
EXTEND ON TOLERANCE
DH3 DH3_1 0 10
DH3 DH3_2 10 20
DH3 DH3_3 20 30
DH3 DH3_4 30 40
DH3 DH3_5 40 50
If you select include if min length, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as
a partial sample if it is of at least the specified minimum length for a sample. For example if you specified
fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the remaining 3m after the last full
sample (40m to 50m) would be included as a sample of 3m providing the specified minimum distance for
a sample was greater than 3m.
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
Hole depth: 53
Fixed sample length: 10
Minimum distance: 1
DH3 DH3_1 0 10
DH3 DH3_2 10 20
DH3 DH3_3 20 30
DH3 DH3_4 30 40
DH3 DH3_5 40 50
DH3 DH3_6 50 53
Hole depth: 53
Fixed sample length: 10
Minimum distance: 7
DH3 DH3_1 0 10
DH3 DH3_2 10 20
DH3 DH3_3 20 30
DH3 DH3_4 30 40
DH3 DH3_5 40 50
After the database is loaded, you will see a text file pop up with the results of loading the database. An
example report is shown below:
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Loading the Blast Database Task: Loading Sample Intervals into a Database
This report indicates that the data was loaded successfully, and that any partial sample increments at the
end of the hole were disregarded.
If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run
07_blast_database.tcl
Note: Whenever the macro pauses, displaying the prompt Click in graphics to continue in the message window,
you will need to click in graphics. Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Page 79 of 79