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Answers To Questions in The Book: Chapter 1: Exercise 1.1 Subject, Predicate, Verb (1.2)
Answers To Questions in The Book: Chapter 1: Exercise 1.1 Subject, Predicate, Verb (1.2)
In each sentence below, underline the subject and circle the verb constituent.
1. Since September, the airline industry [has suffered] its greatest ever slump in business.
7. Tourist hotels [report] a 40% drop in bookings in the last six months.
8. In Athens, eight hotels [have closed] their doors for the winter season.
Use the contracted form n’t to make each sentence below negative.
3. The tide of revolution didn’t topple one European government after another.
Turn each sentence below into a question that can be answered by yes or no, and underline the
operator in the question.
5. Are humans able to lose substantial portions of the brain without undue suffering?
6. Is the main part of the human brain divided into two hemispheres?
8. But does the brain avoid the need for constant cross-references?
The direct object is underlined in each declarative sentence below. Turn the sentence into a
question introduced by who or what, as indicated in brackets. Use one of these interrogative words to
replace the direct object. Position the operator and the subject after who or what, as in the following
example:
3. Who did all the members of staff consider the best student in the Upper Sixth?
5. What did Marilyn choose as her first preference on her application form for university
entrance?
6. DNA recombination is the transfer of pieces of DNA from one type of organism to another.
9. All the shareholders seem happy with the progress of the company.
Underline the adverbials in the sentences below. Some sentences may have more than one
adverbial.
6. According to one biologist, two-year-old opossums show the symptoms of advanced old age.
7. Over many centuries, opossums have died at early ages because of accidents and predators.
In each of the following sentences, state whether the underlined phrase is an object complement
(oC) or an adverbial complement (aC).
Identify each sentence element by writing the appropriate abbreviation in the brackets after it:
2. Many people (S) consider (V) the accidental spilling of salt (dO) bad luck (oC).
3. The Romans (S) gave (V) their soldiers (iO) special allowances for salt (dO).
7. The first salt mines (S) were located (V) in Austria (aC).
8. Today (A) these caves (S) are (V) tourist attractions (sC).
10.Ancient peoples (S) used (V) salt (dO) in all their major sacrifices (A).
Identify the type of meaning that the underlined sentence element in each sentence conveys.
8. You can put your clothes in the washing machine now. [direct object: affected]
9. I’m working for my father during the spring break. [adverbial: time]
ADVANCED EXERCISES
In the sentence below, there has some of the characteristics of a subject. Discuss.
In each sentence below, underline the direct objects. If a sentence contains more than one clause, it
may have more than one direct object. For example, in the following sentence there are two direct
objects:
The president has offered substantial concessions, but he should not expect much gratitude.
**[Direct objects underlined in text; double underlining when overlapping direct objects]
1. The president promised the end of racial discrimination, but he rejected the black demand for
2. That sort of democracy would mean rule by a black majority, which might feel an
3. Whites, equally understandably, want safeguards for white rights, but you cannot ensure
4. Having made his gamble, the president will find himself under pressure from two directions.
5. Among blacks he has created an upward surge of expectations which he may be unable to
fulfill.
Greenbaum/Nelson, An Introduction to English Grammar 3/e
6. He has frightened white defenders of apartheid, who might attempt a final, desperate and
A small set of verbs have been called ‘middle verbs’. They are illustrated in the following
sentences:
I have a cold.
He lacks courage.
How do these verbs resemble transitive verbs and how do they differ from them?
Use each verb below to make up a sentence containing both a direct object and an indirect object.
1. pay 6. make
2. bring 7. cook
3. leave 8. spare
4. read 9. ask
Use each verb below to make up a sentence containing both a direct object and an object
complement.
Use each verb below to make up a sentence containing both a direct object and an adverbial
complement.
1. place 3. wish
2. keep 4. get
The sentences below are ambiguous. For each meaning, state the structure (the set of sentence
elements) and give a paraphrase of the corresponding meaning. For example:
3. Agentive subject dynamic verb recipient indirect object affected direct object space
adverbial
4. Agentive subject dynamic verb recipient indirect object resultant direct object time
adverbial
5. Evaluation adverbial agentive subject dynamic verb affected direct object attribute
object complement
6. Truth-value adverbial affected subject stative verb attribute subject complement cause
adverbial.