BUILDING SCIENCE II

BLD61303

PROJECT 2 : INTEGRATION PROJECT

DAYLIGHT AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS OF DESIGNED COMMUNITY

LIBRARY

NAME :​ RHIANNA MAE STOREY

ID : ​0325369
TUTOR:​ AR. EDWIN CHAN
CONTENTS

SITE INTRODUCTION AND CLIMATIC STUDY 3-4

DESIGN INTRODUCTION 5-10

DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS 11-14

ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS 15-23

REFERENCES 24
SITE INTRODUCTION

The proposed community library for Design Studio Semester V Module would be
located on an urban infill site along Jalan Hang Kasturi in the inner city of Kuala
Lumpur, taking the place of an existing shophouse and 2 hotels, making 3
shophouse spaces in total.

 
Site Section
The direct context of the library would be shophouses of similar height, located
behind and adjacent to the building site. A one way road is located in front of the site
and the Central Market Annexe which is 3 storeys high is directly opposite the library
front facade.

Shadow Diagrams of Site at Different Times of Day

The Library would be positioned slightly off the East-West line with its front facade
angled 10 degrees from the west line towards north. Spaces on the lower ground
would be more shaded especially at the back alley due to the close proximity of the
shophouses behind.
DESIGN INTRODUCTION

DESIGN INTENTION

The design intention of the library is to create a space with a strong relation to the
urban context and the social and behavioural patterns of the community. Due to the
fact that is an infill building, light penetration is restricted to the front and back facade
and the roof.

My library was designed with the intention of bringing the streetscape into the actual
building and majority of the interaction spaces in the library are open spaces and
naturally ventilated. A metal wire mesh facade is used in order for the spaces to
receive natural sunlight and air and at the same time be protected from harsh sun
rays or the weather.

Skylights were incorporated into the design to allow extra light in especially for
spaces located in the middle of the building where little amount of light from front and
back facades can be received.
FLOOR PLANS

Ground Floor Plan

Scale 1:100
First Floor Plan - Scale 1:100
Second Floor Plan - Scale 1:100
CHOSEN SPACES FOR ANALYSIS :

SPACE A : WORKSHOP SPACE (G FLOOR)

Located on the ground floor of the library, with main daylight entry from the back facade
which is a wire mesh wall. It is connected to exterior workshop space that is an open
unshaded place creating engagement with back alley.

Floor Plan indicating Space A

Section indicating Space A

SPACE B : FILM/TALK ROOM (G FLOOR)

This space is also located at the back facade but has a very different lighting dynamic
compared to Space A. This is due to the fact that it is recessed back more to the inner part
of the building, hence it has a wider sky vertical angle and also the fact that it is shaded by
the external staircase that is bounded by a wire mesh facade.

Floor Plan indicating Space B

Section indicating Space B

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

Formula for Average Daylight Factor :

Average DF = W/A x Tθ/(1-R)

where: W is the area of the windows (​m2​​ )

A is the total area of the internal surfaces (​m2​​ )
T is the glass transmittance corrected for dirt
θ is visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window
R is the average reflectance of area A

SPACE A

Dimensions of Wall Space A

Visible Sky Angle

 Average Daylight Factor

Area Of Windows, (W,​m2)

​ L=10.14
H= 3.0
10.14 x 3 = 30.42​m2​

Total Area of Internal (1.0 x 10.14) + (4 x 4.75) + (4 x 6.95) + (4 x 5.49) + 2((½ x

Surfaces (A,​m​2) 0.74 x 10) + (10 x4.75)) = 10.14 +19 + 27.8 + 21.96 + 102.4
= 181​m2​

Glass transmittance 1.0 (opening)

corrected for dirt (T)

Visible sky angle in 30​°

degrees from the centre of
the window ( θ, ​°)

Average Reflectance of 0.35 (uncolored, raw concrete)

Area (R)

Average Daylight Factor, W/A x Tθ/(1-R)

DF = 30.42/181 x (1x30)/(1-0.35)
= 7.7%

>6% , considered very bright according to the MS1525

DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE SIMULATION

Daylight Simulation outcome on a day with clear sky at 12pm shows that it would be very
bright near the opening on a hot day and just right for workshop activities to the middle of the
room. Shophouses behind the library would offer shade to that area and would be more
pleasant in the late afternoon or early morning.
SPACE B

Dimensions of Wall Space B

Visible Sky Angle

 Average Daylight Factor

Area Of Windows, (W,​m2)

​ L=6.0
H= 3.0
6 x 3 = 18​m2​

Total Area of Internal 2(7.85 x 4) + (6.53 x 4) + 2(6.53 x 4)

Surfaces (A,​m​2) = 62.8 + 26.12 + 104.48
=193.4​m2​

Glass transmittance 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean environment)

corrected for dirt (T)

Visible sky angle in 45 ​°

degrees from the centre of
the window ( θ, ​°)

Average Reflectance of 0.35 (uncolored concrete)

Area (R)

Average Daylight Factor, W/A x Tθ/(1-R)

DF = 18/193.4 x (0.6 x 45)/(1-0.35)
= 3.87%

3%-6% , considered bright according to the MS1525

DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE SIMULATION

The Daylight Illuminance simulation taken on a clear day at 12pm shows that the external
staircase blocks the harsh sunrays from entering the space. Artificial lighting would be
required in order to balance out the light intensities in the room.
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS :

Formula for ​Room Index, RI

RI = Lx W / (L+W)(Hm)

Where
RI​ is the room index
L​ is the length of space (m)
W​ is the width of space (m)
Hm​ is the mounted height of fitting above the working plane (m)

Formula for the ​Lumen Method

N = E x A / (F x MF x UF)

Where
N​ is the number of lamps required or illuminance level
E​ is the required lux (lx)
A​ is the area at working plane height (​m2​ ​)
F​ is the initial luminous flux from each lamp (lm)
UF​ is the utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the
room surfaces
MF​ is the maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of the
deterioration and dirt
SPACE A

Lighting Fixture Properties

Type of Fixture Suspended workplace luminaire

Product Model Fagerhult DTI LED Type 2

Fixation Wire suspension via friction locks on the luminaire

Lighting Distribution Direct and Indirect Distribution

Material Fixture Luminaire body in sheet steel, white enamelled (RAL 9016)
end-caps in polypropylene plastic

Length 1200

Luminous Flux (lm) 3100

Power (W) 23

Colour Temperature, (K) 3000

Colour Rendering Index >80

(CRI)

Reasons for choosing light fixture :

Direct light from the luminaires always gives 500 lx on the table, to make the visual
task easier. For reading, uniformity of light is important whereas practical and
intricate tasks require high levels of light. The“batwing” shaped wide beamed light
distribution spreads the light out the sides. The advantages are simpler light planning
and better uniformity where the light fills out between the luminaire rows without
creating a luminance that is too high directly underneath the luminaire.
Room Index Calculation for Space A

Dimensions of Space A(m) L=10.0 W=4.75 (assuming at straight

angles)

Total Floor Area(​m2)

​ (10 x4.75)
=47.5​m2​

Height of Ceiling (m) 4

Type of Lighting Fixture Suspended LED Luminaire

Luminous Flux of Lighting (lm) 3100

Height of Luminaires (m) 3.5

Height of Working Plane (m) 0.8

Mounting Height (H/Hm) 3.5-0.8 = 2.7

IES Standard Illumination Level for 300 lux

Workshop Space (E)

Room Index, (RI)

RI = L x W / (L+W)(Hm)

= (10 x 4.75) / (10 + 4.75)(2.7)

= 1.19
Lumen Method Calculation

Lux required, IES Standard 300

Illumination (E)

Area at Working Plane 10 x 4.75 = 47.5​m2​

Height(A,​m2)
​

Luminous Flux (F) 3100

Utilization Factor (UF) C= 0.7 (Light material)

W= 0.5 (Light material)
F=0.2( Dark grey concrete)
RI= 1.19
From UF chart, UF =0.53

Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8 (Standard)

Lumen Calculation (N,

number of lights) N = E x A / (F x MF x UF)

N = 300 x 47.5 / (3100 x 0.53 x 0.8)

N = 10.8 ~ 10 lights

Fitting layout ( where Smax

is maximum spacing, m) Smax = 1.5 x Hm

= 1.5 x 2.7

= 4.05 ~ 4m

Distance between lights not greater than 4m

Reflected Ceiling plan

Scale 1:100

PSALI Integration

Based on the lumen method calculation, Row 1 would be turned off during earlier
parts of the day when light intensity is high and will only be needed to be turned on
during the evening. On days of very high sun intensity half the lights of row 2 can be
turned on to further reduce wastage of light energy.
SPACE B :

Lighting Fixture Properties

Type of Fixture Recessed downlight

Product Model Fagerhult Kaskad Flux

Fixation Recessed mounting

Lighting Distribution Direct distribution

Material Fixture Luminaire body and visible edge ring of sheet steel in white
(RAL 9016) structured enamel. Heatsink in black enamelled
aluminium

Diameter(mm) 95

Luminous Flux (lm) 827

Power (W) 13

Colour Temperature, (K) 2700

Colour Rendering Index >80

(CRI)

Light Distribution 21​°

Reasons for choosing light fixture :

The tilting and rotating Kaskad Flex lets you cast light exactly where you want.The
distinct trim ring, combined with the black baffle, creates an architecturally exciting
solution with well-defined light. Creates a comfortable atmosphere for film screening
or talks which is suitable for the room function.
Room Index Calculation for Space B

Dimensions of Space B(m) L=7.85 W=6.53

Total Floor Area(​m2)

​ (7.85 x 6.53)
= 51.26 ​m2​

Height of Ceiling (m) 4

Type of Lighting Fixture Recessed downlight

Luminous Flux of Lighting (lm) 827

Height of Luminaires (m) 4

Height of Working Plane (m) 0.5

Mounting Height (H/Hm) 4-0.5= 3.5

IES Standard Illumination Level for Talk 300 lux

Space (E)

Room Index, (RI)

RI = L x W / (L+W)(Hm)

= 7.85 x 6.53 / (7.85+6.53)(3.5)

=1.02
Lumen Method Calculation

Lux required, IES Standard 300

Illumination (E)

Area at Working Plane (7.85 x 6.53)

Height(A,​m2)
​ = 51.26 ​m2​

Luminous Flux (F) 827

Utilization Factor (UF) C= 0.7 (Light material)

W= 0.5 (Light material)
F=0.2( Dark grey concrete)
RI= 1.00
From UF chart, UF =0.48

Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8 (Standard)

Lumen Calculation (N,

number of lights) N = E x A / (F x MF x UF)

N = 300 x 51.26 / (827 x 0.8 x 0.48)

N = 48.4 ~ 48 lights

Fitting layout ( where Smax

is maximum spacing, m) Smax = 1.0 x Hm

= 1.0 x 3.5

= 3.5m

Distance between lights not greater than 3.5m

Reflected Ceiling Plan

Scale 1:100

PSALI integration

Based on the lumen method calculation, during the day time rows 1 and 2 are
switched off and during the evening or gloomy days both these rows may be
switched on again for equal light dispersal throughout the room.
References

1. .Classrooms. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2017, from

http://www.fagerhult.com/Support-center/solutions/Schools/Classrooms/
2. | wiki.naturalfrequency.com | ECOTECT COMMUNITY WIKI! (n.d.). Retrieved
December 09, 2017, from
http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Average_Daylight_Factor
3. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2017, from
https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/building-performance-analysis-cu
rriculum
4. www.fagerhult.com/globalassets/inriverresources/productbrochure/dti_led_bro
chure_int.pdf
5. https://www.noao.edu/education/QLTkit/ACTIVITY_Documents/Safety/LightLe
vels_outdoor+indoor.pdf