Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IN THE METAL
FABRICATION INDUSTRY
1ST EDITION
MARCH 2007
MANUFACTURING
On 18 June 2017, the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2017 (OHS Regulations
2017) replaced the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007 (OHS Regulations
2007), which expired on this date. This publication has not yet been updated to reflect
the changes introduced by the OHS Regulations 2017 and should not be relied upon
as a substitute for legal advice.
Information on the key changes introduced by the OHS 2017 Regulations can be found in
the guidance titled Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2017: Summary of changes
- available at https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/207659/ISBN-
OHS-regulations-summary-of-changes-2017-04.pdf. However, this guidance document
contains material of a general nature only and is not to be used as a substitute for obtaining
legal advice.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4. ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
The legal framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Plant layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Consultation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Workplace traffic management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Information instruction and training . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
‘Reasonably practicable’ control measures . . . . . . . . 4 Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
How to use this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1. MANUAL HANDLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Temperature of workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Manual handling and musculoskeletal disorders . . 7 Protective clothing and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Unloading raw materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 OTHER USEFUL GUIDANCE MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Transport of materials on the shop floor (heavy). . . 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Transport of materials on the shop floor (light) . . . . 12
Manufacturing at workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Die handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Packing stillages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Loading and handling finished product . . . . . . . . . 21
2. HAND TOOL USAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Angle grinding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3. GUARDING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Power presses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Brake presses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Guillotines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Note: If you are able to demonstrate that an appropriate hazard identification and risk control plan
process has been undertaken and you are able to verify that the ‘reasonably practicable’ test has
been applied to the controls you implement, then control measures from the amber column may be
deemed practicable.
DIE HANDLING
PACKING STILLAGES
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
• Physical changes to workplace design, layout and plant are more effective than
GREEN - LOW RISK
Barring off
• Use an appropriately rated block and tackle on a jib • Use purpose built vehicles for small loads,
arm or other such mechanical aids to unload raw ensuring the vehicle operator is trained in its safe use.
material from ground level. • Use a suitable mobile or overhead crane for
bundled loads.
Use of slings or chains not marked with SWL (safe working load) or in poor condition
• Use forklifts for transporting material. • Use bridge and gantry cranes with remote control
• This may introduce other hazards such as wide loads, or pendant control that can be operated from the
traffic management issues and metal–on-metal issues best working zone, ensuring all equipment is tested
on the forklift tynes. and maintained.
Lifting metal from storage areas that are above shoulder height or below knee height
• Use trolleys to transport raw materials and • Use electric walkie stackers to retrieve metal from
manufactured products throughout the racks and move bulk material through the workplace.
production process.
Refer to A guide to handling large, bulky or awkward items for trolley design guidelines.
Lifting metal product on and off a work bench with high force
Awkward postures when applying high force to push, pull or restrain metal products
Pallet lifters raise products to best working zone. This robot takes punched sheet metal and stacks
it onto a pallet.
• Use adjustable height scissor lift workbench enabling
the operator to work without bending excessively.
Transporting dies
• Use manually operated lifting aids to transport heavy • Use powered mechanical lifting aids such as mobile
dies over hard, flat and even surfaces. plant, overhead crane, hoist or manipulator to transport
• Use ergonomically designed well-maintained trolleys and position dies.
or roller racks and roller trolleys to move dies/tools
over hard, flat, and even surfaces.
Packing parts
• Use manually height-adjustable pallet/stillage lifters • Fully automate (robotics) packing the stillages.
for stillages and components to eliminate bending to • Use conveyors set within the best working zone for
floor level to pick up component and to pack component packing components into pallets/stillages.
into stillage
• Use auto height adjustable pallet/stillages lifter with drop
• Use stands to raise the height of the stillage to down/fold down or removable sides of pallet/stillage.
between knee and shoulder height with drop down/fold
down or removable sides.
Palletising
• Use mechanical aids such as pallet lifters with • Use vacuum lifters to palletise finished product.
turntables or pallet stands when palletising.
Loading trucks
• Raise load using hydraulic tailgate lifter. • Use forklifts.
• Use cranes.
ANGLE GRINDING
WELDING
Excessive noise
Task
• Improve the welding process to minimise grinding. • Assess whether grinding is required at all.
• Consultation with the client can help achieve this.
Workstation
• Raise the work task by using an adjustable • Use an adjustable jig rotator or fixture to move and align
workstation for the task. the part that allows the person to undertake work in an
upright position within the best working zone.
• Use the most appropriate tool to minimise hand/arm
vibration and extreme hand, arm or wrist postures.
• Use booths to separate grinding from other workers.
Eye Protection
• Safety glasses. • Goggles or safety glasses and face shield.
Other considerations
Ensure that:
• the correct type of disc is being used
• the guard and handles are secure
• the correct flange and locking nut is in place for
the type of disk being used
• there are no defects or damage to the disc
Excessive noise
Fumes
• Use a standard respirator – negative pressure. • Fixed or portable extraction system
Fumes
• Ensure the area is well ventilated, portable fans can • PPE (PAPR – Positive air powered respirator)
be used to disperse and dilute fumes in a workplace
that has a large work area with ceiling extraction.
Arc exposure
• Use a flip visor. • Use auto darkening helmets.
Workstation layout
• Use well maintained screens to separate the task • Use welding booths to seperate welding from
of welding from other workers. other workers
• Curtains and screens need to meet AS 3957. • Have a permit system (if applicable) such as a hot work
permit to ensure work is done safely
• Provide equipment on counterbalances
Workstation layout
• Cylinders near, but not within, work area and secured. • Cylinders secured to prevent tip over and located away
from work area in a safe position.
Further information on personal protective equipment and noise can be obtained in the “Environment”
section of this document
POWER PRESSES
BRAKE PRESSES
GUILLOTINES
Note: Operators of metal working machinery need to be trained and competent in the use
of metal machinery.
Punch
Stripper
Machine
Max 6mm Stroke
Die
Blade
Clamps 32
Trapping 16 19 22
6 9 13
space
When a fixed guard is not possible, because heavy plate is to be sheared on large
guillotines, this issue may be overcome if the machine is operated through use
of a friction clutch, by the use of a moveable hinged guard interlocked with the
machine controls.
Rear guards
Guarding such as a physical barrier of sufficiently spaced steel tubing and/or steel
mesh should be fitted to prevent people from reaching the blade at the rear of the
machine. A chute can be incorporated to allow off cuts to be retrieved.
Throat guards
The openings of each side of the guillotine are also danger areas that present
a risk of bodily access to the blade when slitting metal sheets wider than the
machine table. Slotted end guards should be fitted to allow the cutting of long
or wide metal sheet.
Other safeguards
Guarding of flywheels, belts, pulleys, shafts and other parts should also be provided.
PLANT LAYOUT
WORKPLACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
NOISE
HOUSEKEEPING
TEMPERATURE
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT
PLANT LAYOUT
The layout of plant should always be considered from a health and safety
perspective as well as from a production perspective.
The following matters should always be considered:
• the location of designated raw material and delivery areas
• that raw materials are stored in an easily accessible area close to the start
of the production area
• lineal workflow through the production line
• clear areas of work
• reduction of blind spots throughout the plant, and
• traffic management and designated forklift and pedestrian segregation.
TEMPERATURE OF WORKPLACE
Under the OHS Act, employers have a responsibility to provide a safe and healthy
workplace. This broad duty of care includes ensuring workers are not subjected
to excessive heat or cold that may cause illness. Heat illness covers a range of
medical conditions that can arise when the body is unable to properly cope with
working in the heat. Signs and symptoms of heat illness include nausea, dizziness,
weakness, clumsiness, collapse and convulsions. Employees exhibiting these
symptoms should seek immediate first-aid/medical attention.
Some conditions are:
• heat stroke – a life threatening condition that requires immediate first aid and
medical attention
• fainting in heat (heat syncope)
• heat exhaustion
• heat cramps
• heat fatigue.
As with any other occupational health and safety risk, there are general
procedures to follow when assessing the risk of heat at work. These include
consulting the employees who are exposed to the heat as well as their health and
safety representatives. In consultation with your employees a Heat Alert Program
should be considered as it is the best way to minimise the risk of heat illness.
For indoor work
• air conditioning/air circulation fans/good ventilation
• insulation of roof and wall insulation or shielding of sources of heat and external
ducting of hot exhausts.
For outdoor work
• suitable protective clothing with ventilation, sunburn creams and skin protector,
air-conditioned vehicles and rest areas.
In addition, ensure employees have access to adequate supplies of cool drinking
water. Allocated breaks should also be made available as determined by the
conditions, preferably providing shade during their breaks.
VWA1090/01/03.07