Discussion

In this experiment, we are about to measure the value in the resistors. Actually we not
to calculate the value of resistors but calculate the value of errors. This experiment is dividing
by 2 parts. First part is to calculate the value of resistances based on the 10 resistors given by
instructor and the voltage on the resistors. The second one is to calculate the resistance on the
resistor but the same resistor is use in this part and measure in 10 times. This is because we
have to calculate error in the same resistor. For Ra we use 1.00 kΩ and the Ein is 10V

In the part 1, we use 10 resistors, decade resistors and power supply. First of all, we get
the value of resistors and use equation to get the Rb Values. The equation is:

Rb = Ra x Eo/(Ein – Eo)

For the Rb Values we get difference value. We get Eo in the range 6.73V to 6.78V. After the
calculation, there are slight of error in range. It may because of the instrument error
observational errors. The exact value of resistance is 2.000KΩ but after 10 times of reading, the
value was still beyond the exact value. Before the calculation, we calculate the average resistor
based on this equation:

Rave = (R1 + R2 +…..+ Rn)/n

Therefore, we use another equation to determine the range of errors.

Range of errors = ((Rmax – Rave) + (Rave – Rmin))/2

For the percentage of error we use:

Percent of error = (Rave – Rx)/Rx x 100%

After calculation, we compare our result with other friends. Unfortunately we get the wrong
result because we measure the Ra at the power supply only. For the real one, we need to adjust
the Ra based on the multimeter at the decade resistor. This reason leads us to the wrong result.
We can conclude the resistors not only have the same values. There are different between
between them because the tolerance in the resistors.

In the experiment 2, the task was to measure the Rx values by using high-input
impedance voltmeter and measure the range and percentage of error. This was recorded in
Data Table for Experiment 2. The Rx values obtain was not exactly the same in 10 times of tries.
This is because the error at the instrument and observation. We use the same equation at the
part 1. These errors exist because we use analog meter. For the analog meter, we must have
right angle and the talent. If the observers wear glasses, maybe he makes errors while reading
the result. To overcome this error, we can use multimeter because the multimeter just give the
correct value only. For the percentage of errors, we get -2.15%.

Conclusion

As the conclusion,in investigate sources of error in measurements and to apply the equations
provided to analyse the error,we used to made an experiments in circuits.When making the
measurements,some errors is inevitable as no measurement can yield the exact value of any
quantity.There were some errors which is error due to component tolerance and error in
reading.These errors can be fixed by the experiments and calculations.The most important in
the experiment are the range of errors and the average due to calculate the exact value of
errors.At last,the percentage of errors can be obtained.