Writing Output to a File

Chapter 8 -
File I/O
Similar to writing to screen

Use object connected to output file

Need the fstream header
#include <fstream>

Open file for writing
Declare object of ofstream class

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Opening Files Writing to Files

General form

General form
ofstream object_name (“file_name”);
object_name << variable_name;

Choose object_name like variable name

Use ofstream object to write to file like

object_name is object of class ofstream
cout was used

Filename is where output will be stored
ofstream outfile(“C:\\salary.out”);
Can use full pathname “C:\\salary.out ”
outfile << “Salary for week was ” << money;

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Example 1 Example 2
//Appending a file - using the ios::app mode to append a file
//Creating and writing to a file
#include <fstream> #include <fstream>
using namespace std; #include <string>
int main() #include <iostream>
{ using namespace std;
ofstream SaveFile("cpp-home.txt"); //a file is created int main()
//ofstream SaveFile; {
string str = "\This is the appending part";
//SaveFile.open ("cpp-home.txt");
ofstream myFile("cpp-home.txt ", ios::app);
SaveFile << "Hello World!"; //the file is written myFile << str <<endl;
SaveFile.close(); //the file is closed myFile.close();
return 0; return 0;
} }
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Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Create a text file with the following requirement: #include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
1. The file name will be defined by the user. using namespace std;
2. The file should be in “append” mode int main()
{
string file; //char file[20];
With the file created, write your name to the file. cin >> file;
ofstream SaveFile(file.c_str(), ios::app); //ofstream SaveFile(file , ios::app);

SaveFile << “TARC KL”

SaveFile.close();
return 0;
}

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Closing Files (input and output) Open File for Reading

General form
Need fstream header

object_name.close ( ); #include <fstream>

Use C++ library function close
Declare object of ifstream
Use both object and function name

Use ifstream object_name(“file_name”);
object_name( file_name );
separated by a period
Use ifstream object to read file like cin

Example:
outfile.close( );

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Reading From a File

Use ifstream object to read file like cin money.dat s1 s2 s3

used for keyboard 35 12 35 12 2
2 3.5 6.18 34
ifstream infile(“C:\\money.dat”); s4
infile >> salary1 >> salary2; infile >> s1 >> s2 >> s3; 3.5

C++ looks for whitespace between infile >> s4;
numbers
Newline character treated as whitespace Note: The number of data entries and their data types of variables

Additional reading continues sequentially should read should match the number and order within
the file!

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Exercise 2 Exercise 2 - Solution

A text file named “number.txt” contains the

following input:
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12

Create a file object and read the contents

of the file and assign them into an array.

Display the contents of the array on the
screen in the same row..
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Example 3
Example 4 – Display the file contents

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