Robbins Chapter02 PDF

Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 10e (Robbins/Judge)
Chapter 2 Personality and Values
1) Which of the following statements about personality is correct?

A) Personality is always stable.
B) Personality is a part of a person.
C) Personality is an aggregate whole.
D) Personality is for the most part comprised of traits that cannot be measured.
E) Personality is the primary source of emotions in most people.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14-15
Topic: Personality
2) Researchers have paid so much attention to personality traits in OB in order to ________.

A) help in employee selection and in understanding how to more effectively manage people.
B) enable the easy evaluation of employee performance
C) help identify which people in a workforce will work best together
D) understand the motivation of outstanding workers
E) exclude potential trouble-makers from work.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag: Communication Abilities
3) Studies of twins separated at birth and raised separately have confirmed the importance of
________ in shaping personality.
A) attitudes
B) heredity
C) environment
D) parental influence
Answer: B
Topic: Personality
4) Which of the following is not considered to be completely influenced by heredity?

A) facial attractiveness
B) energy level
C) personality
D) physical stature
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
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5) You wish to hire a person who has an original mind, is skeptical, critical, independent, and
determined. Candidates for this position would ideally have what classification on the Myers-
Briggs Type Indicator?
A) INTJs
B) ESTJs
C) ENTPs
D) ISFPs
E) ESTPs
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
6) All of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator except ________.
A) extroverted/introverted
B) sensing/intuitive
C) perceiving/judging
D) independent/dependent
E) thinking/feeling
Answer: D
Topic: Personality
7) Jason is outgoing, sociable, and assertive. According to the MBTI, he is considered

A) extraverted
B) feeling
C) perceiving
D) sensing
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
8) How would someone who is described as an ESTJ on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator best be
described?
A) as a visionary
B) as a conceptualizer
C) as an innovator
D) as an organizer
E) as a leader
Answer: D
Topic: Personality
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9) What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?
A) extroverted/intuitive
B) emotional/introverted
C) extroverted/introverted
D) emotional/intuitive
E) sane/reflective
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
10) What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "S or N" stand for?
A) sensing/intuitive
B) sensing/thinking
C) emotional stability/intuitive
D) emotional stability/thinking
E) sane/reflective
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
11) You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project which requires creativity, stamina
and farsightedness. The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs Type of
each of the applicants. These results are shown below:
Candidate Alan Brenda Cameron Drusilla Ellen

Myers Briggs INTJ ESTJ ENTP ESFP INFP
Type
You need to choose a lead person for the team. This person must be a visionary; combining an
original mind with great drive. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers-Briggs
Type?
A) Alan
B) Brenda
C) Cameron
D) Drusilla
E) Ellen
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
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12) You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project which requires creativity, stamina
and farsightedness. The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs Type of
each of the applicants. These results are shown below:
Candidate Alan Brenda Cameron Drusilla Ellen

Myers Briggs INTJ ESTJ ENTP ESFP INFP
Type
You are looking for an organizer, a person on whom you can depend to be practical and realistic.
Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers-Briggs Type?
A) Alan
B) Brenda
C) Cameron
D) Drusilla
E) Ellen
Answer: B
Topic: Personality
13) What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?
A) It is very difficult to administer.
B) It probably should not be used as a selection test for choosing among job candidates since it is
not necessarily a valid measure of personality.
C) It does not include enough dimensions to differentiate all the variety of human personality
D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive personality traits over analytical personality traits
E) It is very difficult to accurately interpret.
Answer: B
Topic: Personality
14) A high score in which dimension of the Big Five model predicts good job performance for all
occupational groups?
A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability
E) openness to experience
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
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15) Which of the following is not included in the Big Five model?
A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) intuitiveness
E) extraversion
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
16) Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extraversion
D) feeling
E) emotional stability
Answer: B
Topic: Personality
17) Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?

A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
D) feeling
E) emotional stability
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
18) You know that your customers are demanding and sometimes difficult. Which personality
dimension taps a person's ability to withstand stress?
A) extraversion
B) judging
E) intellect
Answer: D
Topic: Personality
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
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19) Jane Simpson rates low on conscientiousness. This would this lead you to suspect that which
of the following statements is most likely to be true about Jane?
A) She will be easily distracted.
B) She will find comfort in the familiar.
C) She will be nervous, depressed, and insecure.
D) She will be comfortable with solitude.
E) She will be very dim-witted.
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
20) You wish to predict how strong organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is in each of your
employees. Which of the five facets of personality will probably be of the most interest in this
case?
A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
E) intellect
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
21) Of the Big Five, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, to job satisfaction, and
to low stress levels.
A) self-esteem
B) emotional stability
C) agreeableness
D) conscientiousness
E) extroversion
Answer: B
Topic: Personality
22) Which of the following is not true of extraverts?

A) Extraverts tend to be happier in their jobs and in their lives as a whole than intraverts.
B) Extraverts experience more positive emotions than introverts.
C) Extraverts less freely express their positive emotions than do introverts.
D) Extraverts have more friends than introverts.
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
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23) Which of the following is not a downside to conscientiousness?
A) Conscientious people don't adapt well to changing contexts.
B) Conscientious people have trouble learning complex tasks early in the training process.
C) Conscientious people are often less creative than those who are less conscientious.
D) Conscientious people are rarely considered structured individuals.
E) There are no downsides to conscientiousness.
Answer: D
Topic: Personality
24) James has been described as an agreeable individual. He is better liked on the job and is less
likely to engage in organizational deviance. What would we expect to be associated with his
agreeableness?
A) He will be happier than a disagreeable person - but only slightly more
B) He will likely choose other agreeable individuals as members of his team.
C) He will probably be a poorer negotiator and experience lower levels of career success.
D) All of the above.
Answer: D
Topic: Personality
25) Which of the following statements about people with positive core self-evaluations is true?
A) They set goals which are easily obtainable.
B) They do not like themselves.
C) They seldom persist to reach their goals.
D) They view themselves as powerless over their environment.
E) They tend to be more committed to their goals.
Answer: E
Topic: Personality
26) What is the term used for the degree to which people like or dislike themselves?
A) core self-evaluation
B) authoritarianism
C) locus of control
D) Machiavellianism
E) efficacy
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
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27) Mary has an opening for a position requiring the individual to demonstrate considerable
adaptability in adjusting their behavior by reading external cues. She should identify the employee
with a(n) ________ for a good fit.
A) high self-monitoring tendency
B) low self-monitoring tendency
C) internal locus of control
D) external locus of control
E) high SE
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
28) How would you describe an individual who is not capable of presenting striking contradictions
between who they are in public and who they are privately and does not pay close attention to the
behavior of others?
A) low Mach
B) high Mach
C) low self-monitoring
D) high self-monitoring
E) narcissistic
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
29) Which of the following statements about low self-monitors is true?

A) They have a low behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do.
B) They tend to rate their performance much more highly than do outside observers.
C) They tend to pay less attention to the behavior of others than high self-monitors.
D) They usually receive high performance ratings.
E) They tend to thrive in areas that require them to take risks.
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
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30) High self-monitors will most likely be well-suited to which of following positions?
A) one that requires them to play a central role
B) one that requires them not to yield to outside pressure
C) one that requires them to operate independently for long periods of time
D) one that requires them to take risks
E) one that requires a great deal of creativity
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
31) What term is used to describe the personality of an individual who is aggressively involved in
an incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time?
A) Type A personality
B) Type B personality
C) proactive personality
D) narcissistic personality
E) high Mach personality
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
32) Which of the following is true of people with a Type A personality?

A) They tend to be more successful than people with a Type B personality.
B) They play for fun and relaxation.
C) They tend to emphasize quantity over quality.
D) They generally feel little need to discuss their achievements.
E) They are generally content with their place in the world.
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
33) Which of the following behaviors is most likely to be exhibited in someone with a Type A
personality?
A) highly creative
B) enjoys leisure and quiet time alone
C) feels impatient with the rate of most events
D) concentrates on one task at a time
E) takes long lunches and plays pool
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
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34) Which of the following is a characteristic of the Type B personality?
A) A Type B suffers from a sense of time urgency, with its accompanying impatience.
B) A Type B struggles to achieve more with less.
C) A Type B strives to always multi-task.
D) A Type B can relax without guilt.
E) A Type B needs to discuss his or her achievements.
Answer: D
Topic: Personality
35) People with which type of personality trait commonly make poor decisions because they make
them too quickly.
A) high self-esteem
B) Type As
C) Type Bs
D) self-monitors
E) extroverts
Answer: B
Topic: Personality
36) Which of the following terms best describes people who identify opportunities, show initiative,
take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs?
A) Type A personalities
B) high self-esteem
C) proactive personalities
D) high conscientiousness
E) high Mach
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
37) Which of the following personality traits is most likely to help achieve career success?
A) proactive personality
B) high SE
C) Type A
D) extrovert
E) agreeable
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
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38) Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or
end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?
A) values
B) attitudes
C) convictions
D) preferences
E) affectual preferences
Answer: A
Topic: Values
39) What does the content attribute of a value state?

A) that the value is complete
B) that the mode of conduct is important
C) that the value is strongly or weakly held
D) the behavior associated with that value
E) that the value is not transient
Answer: B
Topic: Values
40) When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value
system.
A) intensity
B) content
C) context
D) social acceptance
E) social needs
Answer: A
Topic: Values
41) Which of the following statements about values is true?

A) Values are flexible.
B) Values are synonymous with attitudes.
C) Values tend to be consistent among occupational groups.
D) Values are fairly stable over time.
E) Values change easily when they are called into question.
Answer: D
Topic: Values
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42) What is the difference between terminal and instrumental values, as proposed by Rokeach?
A) Terminal values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime,
while the instrumental values are the preferable modes of behavior in achieving these values.
B) Instrumental values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime,
while terminal values are the preferable modes of behavior in achieving theses values.
C) Terminal values are the highest values in a person's value system, while instrumental values are
the ones that are most often used.
D) Instrumental values are the values that are used in day to day life, terminal values are those that
come into play at times of great stress.
E) Terminal values are the values shared by the group as a whole, instrumental values are the
values that differ within a group and give rise to conflict.
Answer: A
Topic: Values
43) Which of the following values would be most likely to be considered a terminal value by
Rokeach?
A) ambitious
B) broad-minded
C) helpful
D) a sense of accomplishment
E) self-controlled
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Exh 2-2
Topic: Values
44) Which category of dominant work values is most likely to characterize a 55-year-old employee
in the United States?
A) hard working, conservative, conforming, loyalty to the organization
B) team-orientated, honest, self-reliant, loyal to relationships.
C) success, achievement, ambition, dislike of authority, loyalty to career
D) work/life balance, team-oriented, dislike of rules, loyalty to relationships
E) confident, financial success, self-reliant but team-oriented, loyalty to both self and relationships
Answer: C
Topic: Values
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
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45) What is the term used to describe the cohort of workers who entered the workforce in the
1950s and early 1960s?
A) boomers
B) nexters
C) Xers
D) veterans
E) Millennials
Answer: D
Topic: Values
46) What is the term used to describe those members of the population whose lives have been
shaped by globalization, MTV, AIDS, and computers; and who value flexibility, life options, and
the achievement of job satisfaction?
A) veterans
B) boomers
C) nexters
D) Xers
E) hexers
Answer: D
Topic: Values
47) Veterans are most likely to place the greatest importance on

A) a comfortable like and family security
B) social recognition
C) true friendship
D) happiness
E) meaningful work
Answer: A
Topic: Values
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48) What cohort of workers in the United States is most likely to balk at having to work extensive
overtime and weekends?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: D
Topic: Values
49) What term is used for those who entered the United States workforce from the mid-1960s
through the mid-1980s?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: B
Topic: Values
50) As you work with Tom, who is 27 years old, you are likely to find that he ________.
A) desires financial success
B) prefers leisure time
C) sees the company merely as a vehicle for his career
D) highly values security
E) is not interested in work at all
Answer: A
Topic: Values
51) What cohort of workers in the United States is most loyal to their careers?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: B
Topic: Values
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52) The most recent entrants to the United States workforce are ________.
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: C
Topic: Values
53) What cohort of workers values loyalty to both self and relationships?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: C
Topic: Values
54) Holland's personality-job fit theory is based on the notion of fit between an individual's
________ and ________.
A) personality characteristics; the job requirements
B) satisfaction; the job
C) ability to perform the job; motivation
D) motivation; on-the-job performance
E) personality characteristics; job satisfaction
Answer: A
Topic: Linking an Individual's Personality and Values to the Workplace
55) According to Holland's personalityjob fit theory, what are consequences of a good fit between
personality and occupation?
A) a low level of stress
B) a high level of accomplishment
C) high satisfaction and low turnover
D) maximum performance and efficiency
E) a high rate of turnover
Answer: C
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56) ________ developed a Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire that contains 160
occupational titles.
A) Maslow
B) Holland
C) Hofstede
D) Herzberg
E) Surber
Answer: B
57) According to Holland, the closer two fields are in the hexagon, the ________ they are.
A) more dissimilar
B) more compatible
C) less compatible
D) more difficult to categorize
E) less related to any occupation
Answer: B
58) The "enterprising" personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent
occupations would exhibit which of the following personality characteristics?
A) imaginative, disorderly, idealistic
B) shy, genuine, persistent
C) sociable, friendly, cooperative
D) self-confident, ambitious, energetic
E) conforming, efficient, practical
Answer: D
59) You are seeking to fill the position of corporate accountant, and have administered Holland's
Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire to all candidates. You would suspect that the
questionnaire would indicate that the best candidates for the position would have which of the
following personality types?
A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) investigative
E) social
Answer: A
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60) Monica is majoring in interior design. Her personality type is "realistic" according to Holland's
Typology. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Monica's personality type is well-suited to her major.
B) Monica is better suited to be a bank teller.
C) Interior design is incongruent with her personality type.
D) Interior design is congruent with a "social" personality type.
E) Monica prefers activities that do not require strength.
Answer: C
61) The "realistic" personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations
would be well suited for which of the following jobs?
A) painter
B) accountant
C) mechanic
D) lawyer
E) biologist
Answer: C
62) The "social" personality from Holland's typology of personality would be well suited for which
of the following jobs?
A) assembly-line worker
B) economist
C) teacher
D) bank teller
E) lawyer
Answer: C
63) Which of Holland's personality types prefers activities that involve thinking and
understanding?
A) realistic
B) investigative
C) social
D) conventional
E) artistic
Answer: B
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64) Which one of the following statements is true about the six personality types developed in
Holland's personality-job fit theory? Each of the six types has a ________.
A) supplemental personality style
B) congruent personality style
C) congruent occupation
D) supplemental occupational environment
E) supplemental skill set
Answer: C
65) It's more important today that employees' personalities fit with
A) their manager's personality
B) the overall organization's culture
C) the characteristics of the job
D) the recruiter's personality
Answer: B
66) A study of the EU found which of the Big Five personality factors was a valid predictor of
performance across jobs and occupational groups?
A) agreeableness
B) extraversion
C) openness to experience
D) conscientiousness
Answer: D
Topic: Global Implications
67) Which of the following researchers produced a comprehensive analysis for analyzing
variations among cultures?
A) Maslow
B) Hofstede
C) Festinger
D) Skinner
E) Freud
Answer: B
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68) Which of the following is not one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture?
A) power distance
B) flexibility versus rigidity
C) individualism versus collectivism:
D) long-term versus short-term orientation:
E) uncertainty avoidance
Answer: B
69) What is the measure of the extent to which people in a country accept the fact that power in
institutions and organizations is distributed unequally?
A) caste acceptance
B) collectivism
C) power distance
D) masculinity
E) rigidity
Answer: C
70) Which dimension of Hofstede's framework is the degree to which people prefer to act as
individuals rather than as members of groups?
A) power distance
B) individualism vs. collectivism
C) masculinity vs. femininity
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) long-term vs. short-term orientation
Answer: B
71) Which of Hofstede's cultural dimensions emphasizes a tight social framework in which people
expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them?
A) long-term orientation
B) masculinity
C) individualism
D) collectivism
E) femininity
Answer: D
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72) According to Hofstede, people in cultures with ________ value thrift, persistence, and
tradition.
A) high power distance
B) low power distance
C) long-term orientation
D) short-term orientation
E) low uncertainty avoidance
Answer: C
73) According to Hofstede, cultures that score ________ tend to emphasize laws and regulations.
A) high on power distance
B) high on uncertainty avoidance
C) low on power distance
D) low on uncertainty avoidance
E) high on masculinity
Answer: B
74) Which of Hofstede's dimensions is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured to
unstructured situations?
A) collectivism
B) power distance
C) long-term orientation
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) idiocentricity
Answer: D
75) According to Hofstede, high femininity cultures

A) emphasize equality between men and women.
B) favor achievement and power.
C) emphasize feminine roles.
D) have increased anxiety about ambiguity.
E) are rule-oriented.
Answer: A
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76) According to Hofstede, which country scored as the most individualistic nation of all?
A) Japan
B) Korea
C) Great Britain
D) United States
E) China
Answer: D
77) The gender differentiation cultural dimension identified by GLOBE is the equivalent of which
of Hofstede's dimensions?
A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) masculinity-femininity
D) future orientation
E) individualism-collectivism
Answer: C
78) According to Hofstede, the Unites States scores high in ________ and low in ________.
A) power distance; uncertainty avoidance
B) individualism; power distance
C) uncertainty avoidance; individualism
D) uncertainty avoidance; masculinity
E) femininity; masculinity
Answer: C
79) All of the following are weaknesses of Hofstede's cultural dimensions pointed out by critics
EXCEPT:
A) The original data are from 30 years ago.
B) The original data were based on only four companies: IBM, Disney, Coca-Cola, and
McDonald's.
C) Most researchers are unaware of the judgment calls Hofstede had to make.
D) Some of the Hofstede results are unexpected.
E) Few researchers have read the details of Hofstede's methodology closely.
Answer: B
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80) The GLOBE team identified ________ dimensions on which national cultures differ.
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9
E) 15
Answer: D
81) Which of the following is not one of the cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE team?
A) performance orientation
B) future orientation
C) humane orientation
D) age differentiation
E) power distance
Answer: D
82) Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by GLOBE does not have an equivalent
in Hofstede?
A) future orientation
B) power distance
C) performance orientation
D) individualism/collectivism
E) gender differentiation
Answer: C
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83) Country In-group Individualism/ Performance Humane Power distance
collectivism collectivism orientation orientation
Country A 4 3 1 2 5
Country B 3 5 2 1 3
Country C 2 1 3 5 4
Country D 5 2 4 3 1
Country E 1 4 5 4 2
The above table shows the relative rankings of five countries in five of GLOBE's cultural
dimensions. In which country are people most likely to identify with and take pride in the company
they work for?
A) Country A
B) Country B
C) Country C
D) Country D
E) Country E
Answer: E
84) Country In-group Individualism/ Performance Humane Power distance

collectivism collectivism orientation orientation
Country A 4 3 1 2 5
Country B 3 5 2 1 3
Country C 2 1 3 5 4
Country D 5 2 4 3 1
Country E 1 4 5 4 2
According to the above table, in which country are people most likely to be rewarded for being
altruistic, caring, and kind to others?
A) Country A
B) Country B
C) Country C
D) Country D
E) Country E
Answer: B
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85) Which of the following statements is true of the GLOBE project?
A) The GLOBE dimensions replaced Hofstede's work.
B) The GLOBE project confirmed that Hofstede's dimensions are no longer valid.
C) The GLOBE dimensions have confirmed Hofstede's work.
D) The GLOBE framework recognizes that a country's cultural values do not change.
E) It is not expected that future cross-cultural studies will use the GLOBE dimensions to assess
differences between countries.
Answer: C
86) Behavior is shaped by our personalities.

Answer: TRUE
Topic: What Is Perception?
87) Personality looks at the parts of the person rather than the aggregate whole.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
88) A trait can be described as a characteristic or behavior that is sometimes exhibited in a few
situations.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
89) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a 100-question personality test that types four
characteristics into sixteen personality types.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
90) In the Myers-Briggs typology, N stands for intuitive.

Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
91) In the Myers-Briggs typology, S stands for sensible.

Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
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92) Because MBTI results are job related, it is an excellent selection test for choosing job
candidates.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
93) In the Myers-Briggs typology, P stands for preparedness.

Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
94) If you were looking for an employee who was an organizer, you would probably choose one
whose type is INFP.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
95) A substantial body of research supports the MBTI as a valid measure of personality.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
96) An impressive body of research supports that five basic personality dimensions underlie all
others.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
97) The Big Five Model factor termed "extraversion" is probably a good predictor of job
performance in most professions.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
98) Conscientiousness refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others.

Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
99) Agreeable people tend to be less trusting than disagreeable people.

Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
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100) Extraverts are more likely to be absent from work than introverts.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
101) Intraverts tend to be more impulsive than extroverts.

Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
102) Individuals who score high on openness to experience are more creative in science and in art
than those who score low. Because creativity is important to leadership, open people are more
likely to be effective leaders.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
103) Agreeableness is associated with lower levels of career success. This may be due in part
because agreeable individuals are poorer negotiators.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
104) Self-monitoring refers to an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
105) High self-monitors tend to pay less attention to the behavior of other people than do low self
monitors.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
106) Low self-monitors show high behavioral consistency.

Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
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107) Individuals with Type B personalities exhibit characteristics highly prized by the North
American culture.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
108) Zack is always moving and is impatient. He prefers work to leisure and seems obsessed with
numbers. Zack probably has a Type B personality.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
109) People with Type A personalities are rarely concerned with time.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
110) Those individuals with Type A personalities tend to be more at risk for cardiovascular
disease.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
111) People with Type B personalities tend to operate under more stress than those with Type A
personalities.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Personality
112) Proactive personalities are more likely to act as change agents within an organization.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Personality
113) The content attribute of a value says that a mode of conduct is important.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Values
27
114) When we rank an individual's values in terms of the intensity of those values, we obtain that
person's value system.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Values
115) Values cannot be classified because of their spiritual and theological basis.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Values
116) Values tend to be stable and enduring.

Answer: TRUE
Topic: Values
117) People always act in ways consistent with their values.

Answer: FALSE
Topic: Values
118) Instrumental values are preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving one's terminal
values.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Values
119) Milton Rokeach developed a survey that assesses terminal and instrumental values.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Values
120) RVS values are fairly stable and consistent across groups.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Values
121) Boomers place a great deal of emphasis on achievement and material success.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Values
28
122) Veterans tend to be more loyal to their country and less loyal to their employer.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Values
123) The loyalty of Boomers is to their careers.

Answer: TRUE
Topic: Values
124) The lives of Xers have been shaped by war, women's lib, AIDS, and computers.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Values
125) Terminal values such as a sense of accomplishment and social recognition rank high with
Nexters.
Answer: FALSE
Topic: Values
126) A significant portion of our values are often established at an early age.
Answer: TRUE
Topic: Values
127) Individuals with Holland's "investigative" personality are well suited for careers as small
business managers.
Answer: FALSE
128) Holland's "conventional" personality, placed in the position of a cost accountant, is likely to
be dissatisfied and quit.
Answer: FALSE
29
129) In Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire, adjacent categories are quite
similar while diagonally opposite ones are highly dissimilar.
Answer: TRUE
130) It is more important that employees' personalities fit with the overall organization's culture
than with the characteristics of any specific job.
Answer: TRUE
131) The five personality factors identified in the Big Five Model appear in almost all cross-
cultural studies.
Answer: TRUE
132) Each culture has a common personality type.

Answer: FALSE
133) Geert Hofstede produced a very widely referenced approach for analyzing variations among
cultures.
Answer: TRUE
134) Collectivism refers to a cultural attribute describing a loosely knit social framework in which
people tend to the interests of their immediate family.
Answer: FALSE
135) Organizations in a society high in uncertainty avoidance are likely to have more rules.
Answer: TRUE
30
136) It is consistent for a country with a democratic government to rank below average on power
distance.
Answer: TRUE
137) The U.S. culture ranked above average on power distance according to Hofstede.
Answer: FALSE
138) The GLOBE research program is an ongoing cross-cultural investigation of leadership and
national culture.
Answer: TRUE
139) GLOBE's future orientation dimension is essentially equivalent to Hofstede's long-term/short-

term orientation.
Answer: TRUE
140) The GLOBE dimensions have replaced Hofstede's dimensions.

Answer: FALSE
141) What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and how might it be used by
managers?
Answer: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is one of the most widely used personality
frameworks. It is essentially a 100-question personality test that asks people how they usually feel
or act in particular situations. On the basis of the answers individuals give to the test, they are
classified as extroverted or introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T
or F), and perceiving or judging (P or J). These classifications are then combined into sixteen
personality types. The MBTI has a place in training and development, since it can help employees
to better understand themselves. It can also provide aid to teams by helping members better
understand each other. It can also provide career guidance, but should not be used as a selection
test.
Page Ref: 17
Topic: Personality
31
142) Discuss the "Big Five" model of personality.
Answer: The five-factor model of personality is typically called the "Big Five." In addition to
providing a unifying personality framework, research on the Big Five also has found important
relationships between these personality dimensions and job performance. The five key traits in the
Big Five personality model are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability,
and openness to experience. Extroversion captures one's comfort level with relationships.
Agreeableness refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others. Conscientiousness is a
measure of reliability. Emotional stability taps a person's ability to withstand stress. Openness to
experience addresses one's range of interests and fascination with novelty.
Page Ref: 17-19
Topic: Personality
143) What is self monitoring? Discuss how high self monitors differ from low self monitors.
Answer: Self monitoring refers to an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors. High self monitors show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to
external situational factors. They are highly sensitive to external cues and can behave differently in
different situations. They are also capable of presenting striking contradictions between their
public persona and their private self. Low self monitors can't disguise themselves and tend to
display their true dispositions and attitudes in very situation. High self monitors are more capable
of conforming and tend to receive better performance ratings than low self monitors. High self
monitoring managers receive more career promotions and are more likely to occupy central
positions in the organization.
Page Ref: 20-21
Topic: Personality
144) Describe the Type B personality.

Answer: Type B personalities do not suffer from a sense of time urgency or with its accompanying
impatience. They feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments.
Type B's play for fun and relaxation, and can relax without guilt. They are rarely harried by the
desire to obtain an increasing number of things.
Page Ref: 21
Topic: Personality
145) Explain why values are important to the study of organizational behavior.
Answer: Values lay the foundation for understanding people's attitudes and motivation. Values
also influence our perceptions. As individuals enter an organization with preconceived notions of
what "ought" to be, they contain interpretations of right and wrong - based upon their values.
Values can cloud objectivity and rationality. Furthermore, values generally influence attitudes and
behavior. Organizations are interested in whether the individual's values are aligned with the
organization's.
Page Ref: 22
Topic: Values
32
146) Discuss the Rokeach Value Survey. Include definitions and discussion of terminal values
and instrumental values.
Answer: Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). The RVS consists of two sets
of values, with each set containing 18 individual value items. One set, called terminal values, refers
to desirable end-states of existence. These are goals that a person would like to achieve during his
or her lifetime. The other set, called instrumental values, refers to preferable modes of behavior, or
means of achieving the terminal values. People in the same occupations or categories tend to hold
similar values.
Page Ref: 23
Topic: Values
147) Discuss the cohort groups in the workforce and their dominant work values.
Answer: Veterans entered the workforce in the 1950s or early 1960s. There are hardworking,
conservative, and conforming. They are loyal to the organization. Boomers entered the workforce
between 1965 and 1985. They values success, achievement, and ambition. They dislike authority
and are loyal to their career. Xers entered the workforce between 1985 and 2000. They value work-
life balance, are team-oriented, dislike rules and are loyal to relationships. Nexters entered the
workforce after 2000. They are confident, value financial success, are self-reliant, but team
oriented, and are loyal to both self and relationships.
Page Ref: 24 and Exh 2-3
Topic: Values
148) Describe what is meant by the terms "person-job fit" and "person-organization fit."
Answer: The person-job fit theory was developed by John Holland. It is based on the notion of fit
between an individual's personality characteristics and his or her occupational environment. The
theory argues that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when personality and occupation are
in agreement. The key points of this model are: (1) there do appear to be intrinsic differences in
personality among individuals, (2) there are different types of jobs, and (3) people in job
environments congruent with their personality types should be more satisfied and less likely to
voluntarily resign than should people in incongruent jobs.
The person-organization fit essentially argues that people leave organizations that are not
compatible with their personalities. People with high extraversion, for example, fit better with
aggressive and team-oriented cultures, while people with high agreeableness will match up better
with a supportive organizational climate
Page Ref: 25-27
33
149) Name and describe the value dimensions of culture identified by Hofstede.
Answer: Power distance is the degree to which people accept that power in institutions and
organizations is distributed unequally. Individualism/collectivism is the degree to which people
prefer to act as individuals or as members of a group. Masculinity/femininity is the degree to which
values such as assertiveness, the acquisition of money and material goods and competition prevail
versus the degree to which people value relationships, and show sensitivity and concern for the
welfare of others. Uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which people prefer structured over
unstructured situations. Long-term/short-term orientation is the degree to which people look to the
future or to the past and present. The latter emphasizes respect for tradition and fulfilling social
obligations.
Page Ref: 28
150) Compare Hofstede's cultural dimensions with the GLOBE framework.

Answer: The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness research program
identified nine dimensions on which national cultures differ. Assertiveness is essentially equivalent
to Hofstede's quantity-of-life dimensions. Future orientation is equivalent to Hofstede's long-
term/short term orientation. Gender differentiation is the extent to which a society maximizes
gender role differences. Uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and individualism/collectivism
were also identified by Hofstede. In-group collectivism encompasses the extent to which members
of a society take pride in membership in small groups. Performance orientation is the degree to
which a society encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and
excellence. Humane orientation is defined as the degree to which a society encourages and rewards
individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others. This is close to Hofstede's
quality-of-life dimension.
Page Ref: 30
34

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Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 10e (Robbins/Judge)

Chapter 2 Personality and Values

1) Which of the following statements about personality is correct?

2) Researchers have paid so much attention to personality traits in OB in order to ________.

4) Which of the following is not considered to be completely influenced by heredity?

7) Jason is outgoing, sociable, and assertive. According to the MBTI, he is considered

Candidate Alan Brenda Cameron Drusilla Ellen

Candidate Alan Brenda Cameron Drusilla Ellen

17) Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?

22) Which of the following is not true of extraverts?

29) Which of the following statements about low self-monitors is true?

32) Which of the following is true of people with a Type A personality?

39) What does the content attribute of a value state?

41) Which of the following statements about values is true?

47) Veterans are most likely to place the greatest importance on

75) According to Hofstede, high femininity cultures

84) Country In-group Individualism/ Performance Humane Power distance

86) Behavior is shaped by our personalities.

90) In the Myers-Briggs typology, N stands for intuitive.

91) In the Myers-Briggs typology, S stands for sensible.

93) In the Myers-Briggs typology, P stands for preparedness.

98) Conscientiousness refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others.

99) Agreeable people tend to be less trusting than disagreeable people.

101) Intraverts tend to be more impulsive than extroverts.

106) Low self-monitors show high behavioral consistency.

116) Values tend to be stable and enduring.

117) People always act in ways consistent with their values.

123) The loyalty of Boomers is to their careers.

132) Each culture has a common personality type.

139) GLOBE's future orientation dimension is essentially equivalent to Hofstede's long-term/short-

140) The GLOBE dimensions have replaced Hofstede's dimensions.

144) Describe the Type B personality.

150) Compare Hofstede's cultural dimensions with the GLOBE framework.

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