IS : 50 - 1980

(Reaffirmed 1999)
Edition 4.1
(1988-01)

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
LEAD AND SCARLET CHROMES
( Third Revision )
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

UDC 667.622.117.628

© BIS 2002
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 4
 IS : 50 - 1980

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
LEAD AND SCARLET CHROMES
( Third Revision )
Raw Materials for Paints Industry Sectional Committee, CDC 50
Chairman Representing
SHRI R. K. MARPHATIA IVP Limited, Bombay
Members
SHRI S. G. ARCHICK Indian Paints Association, Calcutta
DR P. K. BHANDARI ( Alternate )
SHRI K. M. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI K. J. BHATT State Chemicals & Pharmaceutical Corporation of
India Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI S. BHATTACHARYYA Alkali and Chemical Corporation of India Ltd,
Calcutta
SHRI M. L. MALHOTRA ( Alternate )
SHRI H. BHUMKAR Fortuna Chemicals, Thane
CHEMIST & METALLURGIST-II Ministry of Railways
ASSISTANT RESEARCH OFFICER
(CM)-II ( Alternate )
SHRI M. C. CHOKSI Resins & Plastics Pvt Ltd, Bombay
DR C. S. VEERA RAGHAVAN ( Alternate )
SHRI A. DANI Asian Paints (India) Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. H. DESAI Garware Paints Ltd, Bombay
SHRI R. R. SEQUEIRA ( Alternate )
SHRI O. P. DHAMIJA Export Inspection Council of India, Calcutta
SHRI S. N. DUTTA ( Alternate )
DR A. B. KARNIK Colour-Chem Ltd, Bombay
SHRI M. E. MARATHE ( Alternate )
SHRI R. D. KAWATRA Directorate General of Technical Development,
New Delhi
SHRI A. A. KHAN Ministry of Defence (DGI)
SHRI R. S. SENGAR ( Alternate )
SHRI A. S. KHANNA Oil Technologists’ Association of India, Kanpur
SHRI T. K. S. MANI Addisons Paints & Chemicals Ltd, Madras
SHRI M. B. SATAYANARAYANA ( Alternate )
( Continued on page 2 )

© BIS 2002
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS : 50 - 1980
( Continued from page 1 )

Members Representing
SHRI K. C. MEHTA Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Faridabad
SHRI V. C. PANCHAMIYA Kamani Metallic Oxides Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI B. RAMAMURTI Travancore Titanium Products Ltd, Trivandrum
DR V. S. VIJAYAN NAYAR ( Alternate )
DR R. J. RATHI Sudarshan Chemical Industries Ltd, Pune
SHRI K. L. RATHI ( Alternate )
SHRI P. SATYANARAYANAN Development Commissioner (Small Scale
Industries), New Delhi
DR G. K. SINGHANIA Ministry of Defence (R & D)
DR R. SRIVASTAVA Indian Zinc & Lead Oxides Manufacturers
Association, Calcutta
SHRI M. VAITHYANATHAN Indian Dyestuff Industries Ltd, Bombay
SHRI V. R. KARMAKAR ( Alternate )
DR HARI BHAGWAN, Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member )
Director (Chem)
Secretary
SHRI R. K. SINGH
Deputy Director (Chem), ISI

Pigments and Extenders Subcommittee, CDC 50 : 1

Convener
SHRI K. M. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta
Members
SHRI S. BOSE British Paints (I) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI G. C. DESAI Goodlass Nerolac Paints Ltd, Bombay
SHRI A. PRABHAKARAN ( Alternate )
SHRI S. H. DESAI Garware Paints Ltd, Bombay
DR P. G. CHAUDHARI ( Alternate )
SHRI J. N. GHOSAL M/s Sturdia Chemicals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI H. S. VIJAYANATH ( Alternate )
SHRI M. M. GHOSH Shalimar Paints Ltd, Calcutta
DR A. B. KARNIK Colour-Chem Ltd, Bombay
SHRI M. E. MARATHE ( Alternate )
SHRI A. A. KHAN Ministry of Defence (DGI)
SHRI M. R. SRIVATSAN ( Alternate )
SHRI V. C. PANCHAMIYA Kamani Metallic Oxides Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. L. RATHI Sudarshan Chemical Industries Ltd, Pune
SHRI H. J. RATHI ( Alternate )
SHRI P. N. WAGLE Asian Paints (India) Ltd, Bombay
( Continued on page 13 )

2
 IS : 50 - 1980

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
LEAD AND SCARLET CHROMES
( Third Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard (Third Revision) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 31 December 1980, after the draft finalized by
the Raw Materials for Paints Industry Sectional Committee had been
approved by the Chemical Division Council.
0.2 This standard was first published in 1950 and subsequently revised
in 1963 and 1967. In view of the nature and the variety of treating
agents used in production of treated chromes it is impracticable to lay
down composition of this type of pigments. In this revision, however,
limit for lead monoxide in the material has been included. The method
for determination of lead monoxide (PbO) content has been replaced by
the latest method prescribed in IS : 6947 (Part III)-1975*. Amendment
No. 1 issued in July 1975 has also been incorporated in this revision
( see A-2.1 ).
0.3 This standard contains clauses 3.5.1, 4.1 and 4.3 which call for
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
0.4 This edition 4.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (January 1988). Side
bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the
amendment.
0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS : 2-1960†. The number of significant places retained
in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value
in this standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes requirements and methods of sampling and
test for lead chromes treated lead chromes, and scarlet (molybdated)
chromes used as paint pigments.
*Methods of estimation of composite pigments in oil pastes, ready mixed paints
and enamels: Part III Estimation of lead chromes, iron blues and zinc compounds.
†Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

3
IS : 50 - 1980
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in
IS : 33-1976* and IS : 1303-1963† shall apply.

3. REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Form and Condition — The material shall be in the form of dry
powder or in such a condition that it is possible to reduce it to the
powder form by crushing without grinding action, under a palette knife.
3.2 Composition
3.2.1 The material dried as described under 7.1 of IS : 33-1976* shall
consist of chemical precipitates of either normal or basic lead chromate
or lead molybdate or mixture of these with or without other
co-precipitated insoluble compounds of lead.
3.2.2 The presence of white lead or lead carbonate is not permissible
except if formed in situ during the manufacture of the chrome pigments.
The amount of white lead or lead carbonate so formed and determined
by the method prescribed in Appendix A shall not exceed 5 percent by
mass when expressed as lead monoxide (PbO). This limit, however, shall
not exceed that for the sample approved against this specification, if
any.
3.2.3 The material shall be free from extenders or diluents, such as
barium sulphate, clay, whiting, organic dyestuffs, etc.
3.2.4 In case of treated chromes, the pigment may contain other metallic
compounds added specifically to improve pigmentary properties. In all
such cases, the improvements obtained by way of treatment shall be
stated by the supplier.
3.3 Stability of Colour — The material shall not be inferior to the
approved sample when tested according to the method prescribed in
Appendix B.
3.4 Lead Content — The total lead content in the material determined
as lead monoxide (PbO) shall be minimum 6.1 percent by mass. When
tested as prescribed in 5 of IS : 6947 (Part III)-1975‡.

*Methods of sampling and test for inorganic pigments and extenders for paints
( second revision ).
†Glossary of terms relating to paints ( revised ).
‡Methods of estimation of composite pigments in oil pastes, ready mixed paints
and enamels: Part III Estimation of lead chromes, iron blues and zinc compounds.

4
 IS : 50 - 1980
3.5 For Scarlet Chromes Only
3.5.1 Molybdenum Content — If required by the purchaser the
molybdenum content of the material shall be determined by the method
prescribed in Appendix C and the requirement for same shall be as
agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier.
3.6 The material shall also comply with the requirements given in
Table 1.

TABLE 1 REQUIREMENTS FOR LEAD AND SCARLET CHROMES

SL CHARACTERISTIC REQUIREMENT METHOD OF TEST,

NO. REF TO CL NO. IN
IS : 33-1976*
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) Volatile matter, percent 1.0 7
by mass, Max
ii) Residue on sieve, 0.5 8
percent by mass, Max
iii) Oil absorption† 10 to 40 9
iv) Colour Close match to IS colours‡ No. 10
354, 355, 356, 357, or 591, for
primrose, lemon, golden
yellow, light orange or deep
orange, respectively whichever
is required
OR
Close match to the colour of the
approved sample, if any
v) Staining power Not inferior to that of the
approved sample
vi) Tone Equal to that of the approved 11
sample
vii) Matter soluble in water, 1.0 17
percent by mass, Max
viii) Acidity (as H2SO4), 0.1 18
percent by mass, Max
ix) Alkalinity (as Na2CO2), 0.1 18
percent by mass, Max

*Methods of sampling and test for inorganic pigments and exteders for pain
( second revision ).
†This shall, however, be within ± 10 percent of approved sample, if any.
‡Conforming to IS : 5-1978 Colours for ready mixed paints and enamels ( third
revision ).

5
IS : 50 - 1980
4. PACKING AND MARKING
4.1 Packing — The material shall be suitably packed as agreed to
between the purchaser and the supplier.
4.2 Marking — The containers shall be marked with the following:
a) Name of the material and additional information as per 3.2.4 and
3.5.1, wherever applicable;
b) Net mass of the material;
c) Manufacturer’s name and his recognized trade-mark, if any;
d) Batch number or lot number in code or otherwise; and
e) Month and year of manufacture.
4.2.1 Other details of packing and marking shall be in accordance with
the instructions given by the purchaser, subject to the conditions given
in 4.2.1.1.
4.2.1.1 Each container in which the material is supplied shall be legibly
and indelibly marked ‘LEAD PIGMENTS’ in black or white letters,
whichever colour is more prominent, the letters being not less than
25 mm high.
4.2.2 The containers may also be marked with the ISI Certification
Mark.
NOTE — The use of the ISI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the
Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act and the Rules and
Regulations made thereunder. The ISI Mark on products covered by an Indian
Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the
requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing
and quality control which is devised and supervised by ISI and operated by the
producer. ISI marked products are also continuously checked by ISI for conformity
to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence
for the use of the ISI Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or
processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.

5. SAMPLING
5.1 Representative samples of the material shall be drawn as prescribed
under 4 of IS : 33-1976*.
5.2 Criteria for Conformity — A lot shall be declared as conforming to
the requirements of this standard, if the test results of the composite
sample satisfy the requirement prescribed in 3.

*Methods of sampling and test for inorganic pigments and extenders for paints
( second revision ).

6
 IS : 50 - 1980
6. TEST METHODS
6.1 Tests shall be conducted as prescribed in IS : 33-1976*,
IS : 6947 (Part III)-1975† and Appendices A to C of this standard.
Reference to the relevant clauses of IS : 33-1976*,
IS : 6947 (Part III)-1975† and appendices is given in col 4 of Table 1 and
3.2.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5.1.
6.2 Quality of Reagents — Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals
and distilled water ( see IS : 1070-1977‡ ) shall be employed in tests.
NOTE — ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities
which affect the results of analysis.

APPENDIX A
( Clause 3.2.2 )

DETERMINATION OF WHITE LEAD

OR LEAD CARBONATE
A-0. GENERAL
A-0.1 Outline of the Method — White lead or lead carbonate content
is determined by absorbing the carbon dioxide evolved in a potash bulb,
when the material is heated in the combustion apparatus.
A-1. PROCEDURE
A-1.1 Weigh accurately about 0.5 g of the dried sample ( see 7.1 of
IS : 33-1976* ) in a combustion boat and introduce it into a gas or
electrically heated combustion apparatus provided with suitable control
to maintain the temperature between 450 and 550°C and with a train for
the absorption of water and a weighed potash bulb. Pass a slow current
of dry air free from carbon dioxide and absorb the carbon dioxide evolved
by the sample in the weighed potash bulb. Cool and weigh the potash
bulb. The increase in the mass of potash bulb gives the mass of carbon
dioxide evolved.
NOTE — The experiment takes about an hour to complete. In order to obtain
correct and concordant results, it is necessary to carry out a blank test before
carrying out the estimation. The water-absorption train and the potash bulb shall
not show any increase in mass in the blank test.

*Methods of sampling and test for inorganic pigments and extenders for paints
( second revision ).
†Methods of estimation of composite pigments in oil pastes, ready mixed paints
and enamels: Part III Estimation of lead chromes, iron blues and zinc compounds.
‡Specification for water for general laboratory use ( second revision ).

7
IS : 50 - 1980
A-2. CALCULATION
A-2.1 White lead or lead carbonate expressed in terms of lead monoxide
m
(PbO), percent by mass = 507.27 ----
-
M
where
m = mass in g of carbon dioxide evolved, and
M = mass in g of the material taken for the test.

APPENDIX B
( Clause 3.3 )

DETERMINATION OF STABILITY OF COLOUR

B-0. GENERAL
B-0.1 Outline of the Method — Stability of colour is determined by
finding the change in colour of the dried painted tin plate panels with
the sample after subjecting them to the action of ultraviolet light in a
fadeometer.
B-1. PROCEDURE
B-1.1 Convert the material into a paint by the method prescribed
under 10 of IS : 33-1976*. Determine the stability of colour by the
method of test for fastness to light as prescribed in 12 of IS : 101-1964†.

APPENDIX C
( Clause 3.5.1 )

DETERMINATION OF MOLYBDENUM IN SCARLET

(MOLYBDATED) CHROMES

C-0. GENERAL
C-0.1 Outline of the Method — The procedure is based on the
reduction of hexavalent molybdenum to trivalent form by passing its

*Methods of sampling and test for inorganic pigments and extenders for paints
( second revision ).
†Methods of test for ready mixed paints and enamels ( second revision ).

8
 IS : 50 - 1980
acidified solution through a coloumn of amalgamated zinc. The reduced
compound is added in excess of ferric solution, whereupon an equivalent
amount of ferric compound is reduced to ferrous state. Titration of the
reduced iron by means of standard potassium permanganate establishes
the amount of molybdenum reduced by zinc.
C-1. APPARATUS
C-1.1 Jones Reductor — Suitable dimensions for the reductor are as
shown in Fig. 1. A perforated porcelain plate or platinum gauze covered
with purified asbestos or glass wool, supports the zinc column and also
acts as a filtering pad. The reductor shall contain at least 350 mm
column of amalgamated zinc which is prepared as given in C-1.1.1.
C-1.1.1 Take 300 g of pure, 20 to 30 mesh zinc and wash the same with
1 N hydrochloric acid for one minute. The quantity of hydrochloric acid
added shall be just sufficient to cover all the zinc. Afterwards cover the
zinc metal with 2 percent mercuric chloride solution. The quantity of
mercuric chloride shall be sufficient to give an amalgam containing
1 percent mercury. Stir the mixture thoroughly for 5 minutes. Decant off
the solution and wash well with water. Add this amalgamated zinc in
the reductor.
NOTE — When not in use the reductor shall be kept filled with water, otherwise its
effectiveness will be reduced due to formation of basic salts with oxygen from
atmosphere.

C-2. REAGENTS
C-2.1 Dissolving Solution — Prepare 1 000 ml of a saturated solution
of sodium chloride. Filter through a sintered glass funnel. Add 150 ml of
water and 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid ( see IS : 265-1976* ).
C-2.2 Rectified Spirit — See IS : 323-1959†.
C-2.3 Ammonium Hydroxide Solution — 20 percent ( m/m ).
C-2.4 Concentrated Sulphuric Acid — see IS : 266-1977‡.
C-2.5 Hydrogen Sulphide — gas, from Kipps’ apparatus.
C-2.6 Dilute Sulphuric Acid (One Percent) Saturated with
Hydrogen Sulphide
C-2.7 Concentrated Nitric Acid — see IS : 264-1976§.

*Specification for hydrochloric acid ( second revision ).

†Specification for rectified spirit ( revised ).
‡Specification for sulphuric acid ( second revision ).
§Specification for nitric acid ( second revision ).

9
IS : 50 - 1980

FIG. 1 JONES REDUCTOR

10
 IS : 50 - 1980
C-2.8 Bromine
C-2.9 Dilute Sulphuric Acid — Approximately 12 N.
C-2.10 Ferric Ammonium Sulphate Solution — Dissolve 20 g of
Fe2(SO4)3.(NH4)2SO424H2O in 200 ml of water to which has been
added 50 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and 20 ml of phosphoric acid
(85 percent), and dilute to one litre.
C-2.11 Standard Potassium Permanganate Solution — 0.1 N ( see
27 of IS : 2316-1963 )*.
C-3. PROCEDURE
C-3.1 Weigh about 1 g of the sample accurately, dried as prescribed
under 7 of IS : 33-1976† into a clean dry beaker. Add 150 ml of
dissolving solution and stir well until the pigment is completely
dissolved. Add 5 ml of rectified spirit. Cover the beaker and boil the
contents gently to reduce the chromates, which is noted by a change in
the colour of the solution to green. If any insolubles remain, filter and
wash the same thoroughly with hot water. Collect the filtrate and
washings and add ammonium hydroxide solution until the formation of
a faint precipitate takes place. Add 15 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid
and dilute to 400 ml. Boil and pass a rapid stream of hydrogen sulphide
gas for 10 to 15 minutes. Dilute this solution further with 400 ml of hot
water and again pass hydrogen sulphide gas till the preciptation is
complete. Allow the precipitate to settle, filter and wash well with dilute
sulphuric acid saturated with hydrogen sulphide.
C-3.2 Transfer the precipitate from the filter paper into the beaker and
add 20 ml of concentrated nitric acid and 5 ml of concentrated sulphuric
acid. Treat the filter paper separately with bromine and filter. Add the
filtrate to the beaker. Cover and boil on a hot plate until fumes are
evolved and cool. Add 10 ml of concentrated nitric acid and heat again to
fumes until the solution is clear. Wash the sides, cover the beaker and
boil to remove nitric acid. Repeat the operation to ensure complete
removal of nitric acid. Dilute to 300 ml with water and neutralize with
ammonium hydroxide solution and finally add 10 ml of dilute sulphuric
acid. Cool this solution and pass through the Jones reductor, at a rate
not exceeding 100 ml per minute. Collect the reduced solution under
200 ml of ferric ammonium sulphate solution. Titrate the ferric
ammonium sulphate solution with standard potassium permanganate
solution. Carry out the blank determination in the same way.
*Methods of preparation of standard solutions for colorimetric and volumetric
analysis ( first revision ).
†Methods of sampling and test for inorganic pigments and extenders for paints
( second revision ).
11
IS : 50 - 1980
C-4. CALCULATION
( V 1 – V 2 )N
Molybdenum, percent by mass = 3.2 -----------------------------
-
M
where
V1 = volume in ml of standard potassium permanganate solution
used for the sample,
V2 = volume in ml of standard potassium permanganate solution
used in the blank,
N = normality of standard potassium permanganate solution, and
M = mass in g of the material taken for the test.

12
 IS : 50 - 1980
( Continued from page 2 )

Panel for Inorganic Pigments, CDC 50 : 1 : 1

Convener Representing
SHRI G. C. DESAI Goodlass Nerolac Paints Ltd, Bombay
Members
SHRI A. PRABHAKARAN ( Alternate to
Shri G. C. Desai )
SHRI K. M. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI S. BHATTACHARYYA Alkali and Chemical Corporation of India Ltd,
Calcutta
SHRI M. L. MALHOTRA ( Alternate )
SHRI T. K. S. MANI Addisons Paints & Chemicals Ltd, Madras
SHRI V. C. PANCHAMIYA Kamani Metallic Oxides Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. L. RATHI Sudarshan Chemical Industries Ltd, Pune
SHRI H. J. RATHI ( Alternate )
DR V. S. VIJAYAN NAYAR Travancore Titanium Products Ltd, Trivandrum
SHRI D. V. WITTENBAKER Waldies Limited, Calcutta

13
Bureau of Indian Standards
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Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee : CDC 50

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 January 1988

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