Manuel S.

Enverga Univesity Foundation

College of Engineering

50 TERMS ABOUT
DIESEL POWER PLANT

Prepared by:

GROUP 4-BSME-V

Obias, Cherry Mae V. Silang, William

Pinon, Kevin Sumilang, Jestoni Patrick

Pura, John Dennis C. Susa, Daniel Mark Jim C.

Ragonton, Kim Arvin Justine C. Verdan, John Michael

Ramos, Mharille C. Zambrona, Eljerome Marc V.

Submitted to:

Engr. Francisco Maano Jr.,PME

November 21,2017
 Manuel S. Enverga Univesity Foundation

College of Engineering

50 TERMS ABOUT
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Prepared by:

GROUP 4-BSME-V

Obias, Cherry Mae V. Silang, William

Pinon, Kevin Sumilang, Jestoni Patrick

Pura, John Dennis C. Susa, Daniel Mark Jim C.

Ragonton, Kim Arvin Justine C. Verdan, John Michael

Ramos, Mharille C. Zambrona, Eljerome Marc V.

Submitted to:

Engr. Francisco Maano Jr.,PME

November 21,2017
1. Bedplate/base: a foundation mounted on vibration absorbers providing support for the main bearings
and engine crankcase. It is called a bedplate if an oil pan is bolted on it and a base if the oil pan is an
integral part of the assembly.

2. Main bearing caps: cover the crankshaft from the top as an upper part of the engine. They form the
cylinder lid and must withstand the peak pressure of the piston in the combustion chamber below the
piston.

3. Cylinder: requires die casting because of its cylindrical format. It is manufactured from melted iron,
and the base is made of manganese or nickel– chrome–molybdenum to provide hardness and corrosion
resistance.

4. Crankcase: serves as a housing for the crankshaft and is located between the bedplate and the cylinder
block. It usually incorporates the main bearing saddles and a reservoir for the lubricating oil. In some
engines the crankcase consists of one piece of cast iron, in others it is constructed of welded steel.

5. Piston: receives the direct impact of the combustion for transmission to the connecting rod. To protect
the piston against seizure, the diameter must be reduced with an optimal gap. There are troughs in the
head of the piston with camped segment rings. The top rings act as a pressure seal, the middle rings
remove oil film, and the bottom rings ensure even deposition of oil on the cylinder walls.

6. Connecting rod: loaded alternately in compression and tension, owing to the cylinder firing pressure
transmitting power from the pistons to the crankshaft.

7. Crankshaft: changes the movement of the pistons and the connecting rod. There are eccentric offset
rod bearings that convert reciprocating motion into rotating motion. The crankshaft must be very strong
and machined from forged alloy, carbon steel, or cast iron alloy.

8. Flywheel: connected on one end of the crankshaft and through its inertia reduces vibration, allows the
engine to be bolted to an external load and sometimes has teeth that engage starting motors for startup.
Increasing the number of cylinders increases the frequency of the firing strokes, making it possible to
use smaller flywheels.

9. Valves: control the flow of the air–fuel mixture or the air inside and outside the cylinder.

10. Air intake system: responsible for providing cool filtered air at the right fuel mixture to be fed to the
cylinders. It consists of a fuel tank, channels, an injector pump, filters, and injecting nozzles.

11. Cooling system: water cooling to transfer waste heat out of a diesel engine block. It is very rare to have
air-refrigerated diesel engines.

12. Lubrication system: contains oil that serves two purposes: to lubricate bearing surfaces and to absorb
friction-generated heat. A pressure relief valve maintains oil pressure in the galleries, returning the oil
through a filter to the oil pan.

13. Lower point: the lowest point the piston reaches in its descending course.
14. Upper point: the highest point the piston reaches in its ascending course.

15. Cylinder capacity: the volume capacity of a cylinder, corresponding to the maximum acceptable
volume of air in the cylinder. It is calculated as V ¼ pSr2 where S is the piston course and r is the
internal radius of the cylinder.

16. Compression rate: the relationship between the total volume of a cylinder ðvaÞ and the volume of the
compression chamber ðveÞ, given by rc ¼ va þ ve ve To increase the output power it is possible to
increase the compression rate, reducing ve or increasing va.

17. Injector pumps: are built for dosing the amount of fuel, adjusting it to the load, in agreement with the
control set point from the centrifugal regulator. According to the way the regulator acts on the pump,
they are classified into three types.

18. Pump with Regulation by Free Retreat: In those pumps, the path traveled by the piston is variable.
The injection of the fuel uses only part of the path traveled by the piston; fuel injected after that is
returned to the aspiration stage of the chamber.

19. Pump with Regulation by Course Control: In this pump type, regulation of the amount of fuel
injected takes place by varying the course of the piston through a sloped output. In such a system, the
piston is impelled during its entire course. The pump with regulation by course control has the
advantage of simplicity of its piston and sleeve but presents the inconvenience of fast wear-out of the
contact surface, due to the high specific pressure on the contact points. The exit shaft moves easily in a
sense, but requires strong effort to move backward.

20. Pump with Regulation by Strangled Retreat: The pump operates in accordance with the principle of
constant piston course, as in regulation by free retreat. Regulation of the amount of fuel impelled
connects the cylinder of the pump with the aspiration through an appropriate conduit. A small valve
commanded by the regulator controls the conduit. If the communication orifice is opened completely by
the valve, all fuel is injected up to the pump cylinder capacity. If it is necessary to reduce the amount of
fuel injected, the valve controls that fuel, allowing the excess to return to the aspiration conduit.
Therefore, varying the valve aperture also varies the relationship between aspirated and injected fuel,
where the maximum aperture corresponds to a null impulse, because all the impelled fuel returns to the
aspiration conduit.

21. Diesel Engine: An internal combustion engine in which fuel oil is ignited by heat produced from air
compression. The most commonly bought industrial diesel engines are either rebuilt diesel engines or
used diesel engines.

22. Diesel Generator: Diesel generators use a diesel engine and an alternator to generate electrical energy.
They are commonly used for back-up or stand-by power. Benefits of a diesel generator include quick
and automatic start up during power outages.
23. Alternator: A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The alternator is also
referred to as the gen end. Brushless alternators are often used in large generators, while permanent
magnets are commonly used in smaller generators.
24. Alternating Current (AC): Current flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction,
typically 50 or 60 Hz.
25. American Rental Association (ARA): The American Rental Association is an international trade association
for the equipment rental industry.
26.
27. American Public Power Association (APPA):A national service organization that represents 2000 municipal
and other state or local publicly owned electric utilities spread across the United States.
28. Amperage: Measurement of the strength or intensity of an electric current in ampere.
29. Automatic Transfer Switch: A mechanical device that switches an electrical load from a preferred source,
usually a utility service, to an alternate source, usually an emergency generator. It also incorporates controls to
start and stop the generator and timer functions to coordinate the transfer.Automatic Transfer Switch
30. Backup Generators: A stand-by source of energy used to fill emergency load requirements during a sudden
shortage or loss of power. Backup generators are usually diesel engine driven and can turn on automatically
during a power outage, restoring power in under 10 seconds.
31. Battery Charge Rectifier: This component changes AC voltage from the battery charge windings to DC voltage
for charging a battery. This is found only on very small generators.
32. Blackout: Sudden or unexpected disruption of electrical power.
33. Brush: Brushes are typically made of graphite or copper, they are conducting elements that maintain sliding
electrical contact between static and moving elements. In order for a generator to function, brushes are typically
used to help create a complete electrical circuit. Brushes are only used on extremely small and extremely large
generators.
34. Core: The core, also known as the stator core, is a stacked laminated cylindrical structure in a generator.
35. Critical Infrastructure Module: A portable modular data center, designed to reduce capital cost and quicker
time to market.
36. Current: Also know as electric current, this is the flow of particles charged by electricity. One of the effects that
electric currents have is to induce magnetic fields, which are used for generators.
37. Diesel Engine: An internal combustion engine in which fuel oil is ignited by heat produced from air compression.
The most commonly bought industrial diesel engines are either rebuilt diesel engines or used diesel engines.
38. Diesel Generator: Diesel generators use a diesel engine and an alternator to generate electrical energy. They are
commonly used for back-up or stand-by power. Benefits of a diesel generator include quick and automatic start up
during power outages.Diesel Generator
39. Direct Current (DC): Current produced by storage battery with a unidirectional flow.
40. Distribution: Supply of lower voltage electric power from a centralized substation to the point of end use.
41. Dual Fuel Generator: Also know as a bi-fuel generator. This refers to a generator engine that can run on diesel
and gas simultaneously.Dual Fuel Generator
42. Electrical Generating Systems Association (EGSA): The Electrical Generating Systems Association (EGSA) is
the world's largest trade association dedicated to on-site electric power generation.
43. Electric Generator: A machine that generates electricity from a source of mechanical energy. The electricity
created serves as a power source for other machines.
44. Engine Generator: Also know as a generator set, gen-set, or sometimes just a generator. An engine generator is
the combination of an engine and an alternator working together to generate electric power.
45. Flywheel: Storing energy in a rotating mass form, Flywheel is a very active substitution of chemical batteries.
46. Generator: A device that converts a source of mechanical energy (for example, a diesel or natural gas engine)
into electrical energy.
47. Genset: A power generator that converts fuel into electrical power through the use of an engine and an alternator.
48. Grid: In order to meet the power needs at different points, a system of power lines, substations and generators,
interconnected is used. This is a grid.
49. Ignition Coil: Ignition coil supplies DC voltage to the spark plugs of generators running natural gas engines.
50. Joule: Measurement of electrical energy equivalent to the work done when a current of one ampere passes
through a resistance of one ohm for one second.