MECHANICAL

FUEL PUMP
Abdelrahman Emad El-Deen Abbas 9220140
3/12/2024
Ali Ahmed Abdel-Mohymen 9220491 Mini-Project 2
Omar Hamad Ahmed Yassin 9221680 Course
Mohamed Ashraf Abdelrahman 9220661 MDP 2140

Mohamed Walid Mohamed Fathi 9220758 Submitted

Moaz Mohamed El-Sayed 9220858 Dr. Mohamed El-
Shazly
Youssef Mohamed Ahmed 9221004
Contents
1.INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1
2.OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................................................................. 1
3.WHAT & HOW ............................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Working Principal: ................................................................................................................................... 2
3.1.1 Diaphragm or Lever Arm ............................................................................................................... 2
3.1.2 Valves ................................................................................................................................................ 2
3.1.3 Camshaft........................................................................................................................................... 2
4.MECHANICAL VS ELECTRICAL ........................................................................................................... 3
4.1 Advantages of Mechanical Fuel Pumps: .................................................................................................. 3
4.2 Disadvantages of Mechanical Fuel Pumps: .............................................................................................. 3
5.DESIGN .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
6.DRAWING ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
7.CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................... 5
8.REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 6
 1.INTRODUCTION

Mechanical Fuel Pump, is a vital component in the fuel delivery system of internal combustion
engines. Its primary function is to supply a constant flow of fuel from the fuel tank to the engine,
ensuring proper combustion and optimal engine performance. Mechanical fuel pumps have been
widely used in various automotive, marine, and industrial applications for many years, although
they have largely been replaced by electric fuel pumps in modern vehicles. Nevertheless,
understanding the working principles and significance of mechanical fuel pumps remains essential
for comprehending the evolution of fuel delivery systems and appreciating their historical
significance.

2.OBJECTIVE
We will delve into the fundamental aspects of mechanical fuel pumps, including their construction, design
operation, and role in internal combustion engines. We will explore the working principles of mechanical
fuel pumps, their components, and the factors that influence their performance. Additionally, we will discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical fuel pumps compared to their electric counterparts, as well
as their applications in different industries.

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 3.WHAT & HOW
3.1 Working Principal:
The working principle of a mechanical fuel pump involves the reciprocating motion of a diaphragm or a lever
arm driven by a camshaft. Let's explore the roles of the key components involved:

3.1.1 Diaphragm or Lever Arm: Mechanical fuel pumps can have either a diaphragm or a
lever arm mechanism. Both mechanisms serve the purpose of transferring the motion from the
camshaft to create the pumping action.

• Diaphragm: In a diaphragm-based fuel pump, a flexible rubber diaphragm is connected

to a lever arm. As the camshaft rotates, it pushes against the lever arm, causing the
diaphragm to move up and down. This motion creates a pumping action that draws fuel
from the tank and pushes it towards the engine.

• Lever Arm: In a lever arm-based fuel pump, a lever arm is directly connected to the
camshaft. As the camshaft rotates, it moves the lever arm in an oscillating motion. This
movement transfers the motion to a pushrod or a plunger, creating the pumping action.

3.1.2 Valves: Mechanical fuel pumps typically incorporate two valves:

• Inlet Valve: The inlet valve, also known as the suction or intake valve, is responsible for
drawing fuel from the fuel tank. When the diaphragm or lever arm moves in the intake
stroke, the inlet valve opens, allowing fuel to enter the pump chamber.

• Outlet Valve: The outlet valve, also known as the discharge valve, is responsible for
delivering fuel to the engine. When the diaphragm or lever arm moves in the compression
stroke, the outlet valve opens, allowing fuel to be pushed out of the pump chamber and
into the fuel line leading to the engine.

3.1.3 Camshaft: The camshaft is a crucial component that provides the driving force for the
mechanical fuel pump. It has specially shaped lobes or cams that come into contact with the
diaphragm or lever arm, causing the required reciprocating motion. The camshaft is driven by the
engine's crankshaft through a timing belt or chain, ensuring synchronicity between the fuel pump
and the engine's operation.

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 4.MECHANICAL VS ELECTRICAL

4.1 Advantages of Mechanical Fuel Pumps:

• Simplicity and Reliability: Mechanical fuel pumps have a simpler design with fewer components,
making them generally more reliable and easier to maintain than electric fuel pumps. They are less
prone to electrical failures and can continue to operate even in the absence of electrical power.

• Compatibility with Mechanical Systems: Mechanical fuel pumps are well-suited for older vehicles
and machinery that rely on mechanical systems. They can be easily integrated into such systems
without requiring extensive electrical modifications.

• Historical Significance: Mechanical fuel pumps have a long history of use in automotive
applications, particularly in carbureted engines. They have played a significant role in the
development of fuel delivery systems and are a part of the automotive heritage.

4.2 Disadvantages of Mechanical Fuel Pumps:

• Limited Pressure and Flow Control: Mechanical fuel pumps have limited control over fuel pressure
and flow rate. They may not provide the precise and adjustable fuel delivery required by modern
fuel injection systems, which rely on accurate fuel metering for optimal performance and
emissions control.

• Lower Efficiency: Mechanical fuel pumps are less efficient compared to electric fuel pumps. They
consume engine power to operate, resulting in a slight decrease in overall engine efficiency.
Additionally, mechanical pumps can generate excess heat, which can affect fuel vaporization and
potentially lead to vapor lock under certain conditions.

• Gradual Replacement in Modern Vehicles: The gradual replacement of mechanical fuel pumps in
modern vehicles can be attributed to several reasons:

1. Fuel Injection Systems: Modern vehicles predominantly use fuel injection systems that require
precise fuel delivery at varying pressure levels. Electric fuel pumps offer better control over
fuel pressure and flow, allowing for more efficient and accurate fuel delivery.

2. Emissions Regulations: Stringent emissions regulations have necessitated the use of advanced
fuel injection systems in modern vehicles. Electric fuel pumps, when combined with electronic
control systems, enable better control over fuel delivery, resulting in improved emissions
performance.

3. Increased Engine Performance: Electric fuel pumps can provide higher fuel pressures, allowing
for better atomization of fuel and improved engine performance, particularly in high-
performance and turbocharged engines.

4. Electrical Advancements: The advancements in electrical systems and technologies have made
electric fuel pumps more reliable, efficient, and cost-effective. They can be integrated with
electronic control units and vehicle network systems, enabling real-time monitoring and
precise fuel delivery adjustments.

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 5.DESIGN

6.DRAWING

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 7.CONCLUSION

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 8.REFERENCES

Research Papers: