Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Question 1
Chlorine gas is to be heated from 100oC and 1 atm to 200oC.
a) Calculate the heat input (kW) required to heat a stream of the gas flowing at 5 kmol/s at
constant.
b) Calculate the heat input required in KW to raise the temperature of 5.0 kmol of chlorine
in a closed rigid vessel from 100 C degree and 1 atm to 200 C degree. What is the
physical significance of the numerical difference between the values calculated in part (a)
and (b).?
As anyone who has used a salt shaker on a summer day knows, powders will clump at high
humidity. This is a problem in pharmaceutical processes where large amounts of powder must be
used. Lactose powder, a common filler (volume increasing agent), flows best at 20% relative
humidity. To obtain this, the air in the powder is supplied from a dehumidifier. If 10 kg DA/min
of filtered room air at 32 °C enters with 80% relative humidity and exits at 30 °C with 20%
relative humidity:
(a) How much water is removed from the air per minute?
1
Question 3: Powder flows as a function of moisture
Lactose and Avicel are the two excipients, or inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical
preparations. At a pharmaceutical production plant, it is required to dry the lactose powder and
humidify the Avicel. An enterprising engineer seeking process elegance has determined to use
the water from the dehumidifier to feed the humidifier, as shown below:
The air in the lactose powder enters at 80% relative humidity and leaves the condenser at 20%
relative humidity, while the air surrounding Avicel enters the humidifier at 40% relative
humidity and leaves at 80% relative humidity for optimal flow. Assume that air flow in the feed
streams equals one tenth of the mass flow of each powder. Careful cooling ensures that the
(c) How much water does the humidifier require? If the supply from the condenser is not enough,
2
(d) What are the heat duties of the condenser and humidifier (Assume humidifier feed meets
(e) Is the reuse stream a good idea? List possible benefits and problems.