Power Electronics & Drives: Lab Manual

POWER ELECTRONICS &
DRIVES
Lab Manual
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL SCIENCES
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR
SAMATAPURI, ODISHA-751013, INDIA

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY BHUBANESWAR
Contents
Page No.
i. Title page 1
ii. Contents 2
iii. Safety Rules 3
iv. Course Outline 5
v. Instructions to Students 6
vi. Points For Maintaining Lab Records 7
vii. Undertaking 8
viii. List of Experiments 9
Page 2

SAFETY RULES
1. SAFETY IS of paramount importance in the Electrical Laboratories.

2. Electricity NEVER EXCUSES careless persons. So, exercise enough care and attention in
handling electrical equipment and follow safety practices in the laboratory. (Electricity is a
good servant but a bad master).
3. Avoid direct contact with any voltage source and power line voltages. (Otherwise, any
such contact may subject you to electrical shock).
4. Wear rubber-soled shoes. (To insulate you from earth so that even if you accidentally
contact a live point, current will not flow through your body to earth and hence you will be
protected from electrical shock).
5. Avoid loose clothing. (Loose clothing may get caught on an equipment/instrument and this
may lead to an accident particularly if the equipment happens to be rotating machine)
6. Girl students should have their hair tied firmly or have it in a knot.
7. Do not wear any metallic rings, bangles, bracelets, wristwatches and neck chains. (When
you move your hand/body, such conducting items may create a short circuit or may touch a
live point and thereby subject you to electrical shock)
8. Be certain that your hands are dry and that you are not standing on wet floor. (Wet parts of
the body reduce the contact resistance thereby increasing the severity of the shock)
9. Ensure that the power is OFF before you start connecting up the circuit. (Otherwise you
will be touching the live parts in the circuit)
10. Get your circuit diagram approved by the staff member and connect up the circuit strictly
as per the approved circuit diagram. You can use equipment issue slip available in Lab for
this purpose.
11. Check power cords for any sign of damage and be certain that the chords use safety plugs
and do not defeat the safety feature of these plugs by using underground plugs.
12. When using connection leads, check for any insulation damage in the leads and avoid
such defective leads.
13. Do not defeat any safety devices such as fuse or circuit breaker by shorting across it.
Safety devices protect YOU and your equipment.
Page 3

14. Switch on the power to your circuit and equipment only after getting them checked up
and approved by the staff member.
15. Take the measurement with one hand in your pocket.(To avoid shock in case you
accidentally touch two points at different potentials with your two hands)
16. Do not make any change in the connection without the approval of the staff member.
17. In case you notice any abnormal condition in your circuit (like insulation heating up,
resistor heating up etc), switch off the power to your circuit immediately and inform the staff
member.
18. After completing the experiment show your readings to the staff member and switch off
the power to your circuit after getting approval from the staff member.
19. Some students have been found to damage meters by mishandling in the following ways:
i. Keeping unnecessary material like books, lab records, unused meters etc. causing meters to
fall down the table.
ii. Putting pressure on the meter (especially glass) while making connections or while
talking or listening somebody.
STUDENTS ARE STRICTLY WARNED THAT FULL COST OF THE METER
WILL BE RECOVERED FROM THE INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS DAMAGED IT IN
SUCH A MANNER.
Observe the safety rules yourself and help your friends to observe.
Page 4

Instruction to Students
You are required to know the locations of the emergency trip switch in the laboratory.
You are required to be familiar with basic safety procedures for electrical shock.
You are required to dress safely. No loose garments, nothing that impedes your ability
to work.
During the lab class, it is required that one student of the group is always at the
worktable, once the experiment has started.
It is required that you take explicit permission if you have to leave during the class.
It is not permissible for a first year student to be alone in the laboratory at any time.
Reports are due every week at the beginning of the lab class' hour as per format
decided by your instructor.
Do not come to class carrying an infection- take leave and make up your experiment.
See to it that your laboratory partner knows your whereabouts. If you are unable to
come to class for any reason, inform him/her.
Any other instructions as and when issued by the lab staff or instructor
Page 6

Points For Maintaining Lab Records
1. Maintain the contents properly giving experiment date & submission date clearly.
2. Draw the circuit diagram clearly using HB pencil.
3. Write the specification of machines (wherever required) & other devices (such as
Variac, Rheostat, Load box, Isolating Switch etc.) properly.
4. Use Pro-circle for drawing all meters & rotating machines.
5. Note down the range & type of meters used in circuit diagram.
6. Name different supply & their range clearly as mentioned below-

a) A.C supply should be clearly indicated by Phase & Neutral with frequency.
b) D.C supply should be clearly indicated with polarity (+ & -).
c) 3 Phase AC supply should be clearly indicated with proper phase sequence (R,
Y, B or L1, L2 L3) and frequency.
7. Graph should be pasted at left gutter position.
8. Don’t fraction (whenever not required) the Axis when you draw the graph.
9. Resistor & Inductor should be drawn properly. (i.e. Inside two invisible parallel line
should be clear).
10. All the calculation part should be on left side (plane side) of record.
Page 7

Undertaking
I have read and understand the rules and procedures set forth for the
POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVE LABORATORY. I agree to
abide by these rules and procedures at all times while using these
facilities. I understand that failure to follow these rules and
procedures will result in my immediate dismissal from the laboratory
and additional disciplinary action may be taken according to the
Institute policies.
Student’s Signature Date-

Name-
Roll No-
Page 8

List of Experiments
CYCLE-I
1. Single phase SCR bridge converter with different loads
2. Single phase AC voltage controller with different load.
3. Three phase bridge rectifier
4. IGBT based three phase VSI with PWM
5. MOSFET step up/down chopper.
CYCLE-II
6. Single phase cyclo converter.
7. Three‐phase VVVF PWM inverter with AC drive.
8. IGBT based chopper with DC drive.
9. Three‐phase controlled rectifier based DC drive.
10. Single phase converter based DC drive

Page 9

EXPERIMENT NO – 1
Aim of Experiment: To study the operation of controlled single phase bridge converter
with different types of load.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. Apparatus Required Specification Quantity

No.
01 Module (Single Phase (PEC14M14FW), Vi Microsys. 01No.
Bridge Converter) 24V AC/21.61V DC
02 Digital Storage Oscilloscope 4 Channel, 100 MHz, 2Gs/s 01No.
(TDS 2014C)
03 Voltage Probe (TPP0201) 200 MHz, 10 MΩ/<12pF, 10x 01No.
04 Extension Cord 01No.
05 Patch Chord 16 Nos.
Theory: The fully controlled bridge converter consists of four SCR and load circuit. During
positive half cycle SCR1 and SCR2 are forward biased, if they are triggered simultaneously,
load current flow through path P‐SCR1 –load‐SCR2‐N. During negative half cycle of input AC
supply, SCR3 and SCR4 are forward biased, if they are triggered simultaneously current
flows through the path N‐SCR3‐load‐SCR4‐P. SCRs are triggered are triggered at the same
firing angle α in each positive and negative cycle of the supply voltage respectively
Vm
The average output DC voltage for R Load = (1  cos  )

Vm =Peak Voltage
α =Firing angle
The average output DC voltage for R‐L Load= Vm (cos  cos  )

α =Firing Angle; β=Extinction Angle
Circuit Diagram:

(R = 100 Ω, L = 100 mH)
Page 10

Wiring Diagram:

Precaution:
 I/P and O/P waveform must not be seen through DSO using the present voltage
probe (TPP0201) at a time.
Procedure:
 Connect G1K1 of pulse amplifier to G1K1 of SCR1.
 Connect G3K3 of Pulse amplifier to G3K3 of SCR3.
 Connect the 24V AC supply across input terminal of power circuit.
 Connect anode A1 of SCR1 to Anode A3 of SCR3.
 Connect A4 of SCR4 to Anode A2 of SCR2.
 Connect the R load across the terminal A3 and A2
 Connect CRO probe across R Load(R‐L load).
Plots to be Recorded:

(Input Voltage Waveform)
Page 11


(Source and Output Voltage for R‐Load) (Source and output Voltage for R‐L Load)
Observation Table:
Table‐1 (R Load)
Sl. No. Firing angle in degree α Measured o/p voltage Calculated o/p
voltage
1 18
2 54
3 90
4 126
5 162
Table‐2 ( for R‐L load)
Sl. No. Firing angle in degree α Extinction angle Measured o/p Calculated o/p

in degree β voltage voltage
1 18
2 54
3 90
4 126
5 162
Conclusion:
Page 12

EXPERIMENT NO – 2
Aim of Experiment: To study the operation of single phase AC voltage regulator with
different types of load.
Apparatus Required:

No.
01 Module (Single Phase AC Vi Microsys, (PEC14M14AC) 01No.
Voltage Controller)
(TDS 2014C)
04 Extension Cord 01No.
05 Patch Chord 11 Nos.
Theory: A single phase AC regulator consists of two SCR’s connected in ant parallel. During
positive half cycle SCR1 forward biased and the current flow through P‐SCR1‐Load‐N.
Negative cycle of input supply N‐Load‐SCR3‐P.The firing pulses of SCR1, SCR3 are kept at 450

For R‐L load during positive half cycle SCR1 is triggered into firing angle delay α .The current
raises slowly due to inductance load. The current continue flow even after the supply
voltage reverse polarity because of stored energy in the inductor. As long as SCR1 conducts,
SCR3 will be on reverse bias, hence SCR3 will not turn ON even if gating signal is
applied.SCR3 can be triggered into conduction during negative half cycle after SCR1, turns
off.
Circuit Diagram:

Page 13

Wiring Diagram:

Precaution:
Procedure:
 Connect GK1 of firing circuit to G1K1 of SCR circuit.
 Connect G2K2 of firing circuit to G2K2 of SCR circuit.
 Connect anode (A1) of SCr1 to Cathode K3 of SCR3.
 Connect 24V AC P terminal to A1 of SCR1.
 Connect one terminal of R‐Load(R‐L load) to K1 of SCr1.
 Connect R load(R‐L load) another end to N terminal of 24V AC output.
 Connect CRO probe across R‐Load(R‐L load).
 Connect Digital multimeter across the load terminal.
(Input Voltage Waveform)
Page 14

(Load Voltage with R Load) (Load Voltage with R‐L Load)
Observation Table:
Table‐1 (R Load)
Sl. No. Control Voltage(V) Firing angle α in Measured o/p Calculated o/p
degree voltage voltage
1 18
2 54
3 90
4 126
5 162
Table‐2 ( for R‐L load)
Sl. No. Control Firing angle in Extinction Measured Calculated o/p

Voltage degree α angle in o/p voltage voltage
degree β
1 18
2 54
3 90
4 126
5 162
Conclusion:

EXPERIMENT NO – 3
Aim of Experiment: To study the operation of three‐phase bridge rectifier.
Apparatus Required:

No.
01 Module (Three Phase Bridge 415 V, 25 A 01No.
Rectifier)
(TDS 2014C)
04 Multimeter 1 No
05 Load 150 Ω, 4 A 1 No
06 Patch Chord 13 Nos
Theory: A rectifier is a circuit that converts ac input voltage to DC output voltage. A
rectifier employing diodes is called uncontrolled rectifier. Power circuit of three‐phase
rectifier consists of six diodes. The diodes are arranged in three legs. Upper diodes D1, D3,
D5 constitute the positive group diodes. The lower diode D2, D4, D6 form the negative
group diode three phase transformer feeding the bridge is connected in delta –star.

Positive group of diode conducts when these have the most positive anode. Similarly
negative group diode will conduct if these have most negative anode In other word diodes
D1,D3,D5 forming positive group ,would conduct when these experience the highest
positive voltage .likewise diode D2,D4,D6 would conduct when these are subjected to the
most negative voltage.
Circuit Diagram:
Precaution:

Page 16

Procedure:
 Connection are made as per in circuit diagram for three phase using six diodes.
 Connect Voltmeter across load and connect Ammeter in series with the load
 Connect R‐load at the output terminals of the bridge rectifier.
 Connect 3‐phase AC input to the rectifier preferably through 3‐ph isolation
transformer/3ph auto transformer.
 Initially set the input AC supply to 30V .Connect this to R‐Y‐B 3‐ph Input terminal
provided in the front panel of the rectifier
 Connect primary and secondary of isolation Transformer in star‐star configuration.
 Next switch ON the 3‐phase supply to rectifier.
 Switch ON the MCB and observe the voltage wave forms across the load. You can
observe the DC voltage across load.
 If the bridge output is coming properly, switch OFF the MCB increase the input
voltage to the rated value and tabulate the reading as in tabular form.
Observation Table:
Table‐1 (R Load)
Sl. No. Vin Volts Vo Volts I0 Amps

1 25
2 50
3 75
4 100
5 125
6 150
7 175
Conclusion:
Page 17

EXPERIMENT NO – 4
Aim of Experiment: To study the working of a three phase sinusoidal PWM inverter.
Apparatus Required:

No.
01 Module (3‐ Phase inverter) 220 V, 2A 01No.
(TDS 2014C)
04 Resistance Load 100 Ω, 2.5 A 3 Nos.
05 Connecting Wire As Reqd.
Theory: Inverter runs on a DC power supply. The output of the inverter is a three phase AC
which is connected to a three phase balanced load. It can be visualized as three single phase
half bridge inverter circuit. The switches are ON and OFF in a particular sequence to produce
a sinusoid
Circuit Diagram:
Precaution:
Procedure:
 Connect a three phase delta connected load to the output of inverter
 Observe the waveform Vab, Vbc and Vca and gate pulse of switches 1‐6
Page 18


Observation Table:

S.No. Output Voltage (V) Time (ms)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Conclusion:

Page 19

EXPERIMENT NO – 5
Aim of Experiment: To study the working of Step Up/Down Chopper.
Apparatus Required:

No.
01 Module (Chopper) 3‐Phase Step Up/Step Down, 1No
30V, 2A
02 Digital Storage Oscilloscope 4 Channel, 100 MHz, 2Gs/s 1No
(TDS 2014C)
03 Voltage Probe (TPP0201) 200 MHz, 10 MΩ/<12pF, 10x 01No
03 Rectifier Unit 230V/ 0‐230V, 5A 1 No
04 Resistance Load 1 No
05 Patch Chord 15 Nos
Theory: A chopper is a static device which is used to obtain a variable dc voltage from a
constant dc voltage source. A chopper is also known as dc‐to‐dc converter. The MOSFET
converter offers greater efficiency, faster response, lower maintenance, smaller size and
smooth control. Choppers are widely used in trolley cars, battery operated vehicles, traction
motor control, control of large number of dc motors, etc. They are also used in regenerative
braking of dc motors to return energy back to supply and also as dc voltage regulators.
Choppers are of two types
1. Step‐down choppers
2. Step‐up choppers.
In step‐down choppers, the output voltage will be less than the input voltage whereas in
step up choppers output voltage will be more than the input voltage
Vd c=
Circuit Diagram:
Page 20

(Step Down Chopper)
(L = 40 mH, C = 220 µF, R = 1000 Ω)
Precaution:
Procedure:
 Switch ON the mains by control circuit and observe the output by carrying duty cycle
and frequency.
 Connect the driver output to the gate and source of Power MOSFET.
 Make the step up chopper (Step down chopper) power circuit as per shown in the
figure.
 Connect the DC input voltage from the regulated supply (0‐30V/2A) to the input
terminal apply small voltage (10V).
 Connect the R –Load of 1K/25W provided in the unit.
 Switch on the AC input in series with the DC input.
 Apply driver output pulse to power MOSFET and observe the waveform across load
and also observe the Ton and Toff by varying the duty cycle of potentiometer.
 Change the frequency and repeat the experiment.
 Same procedure will be followed for step down chopper.
Observation Table:
Sl. No Vdc VL TON Toff Duty
Cycle
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Conclusion:

Page 21

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POWER ELECTRONICS &

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL SCIENCES

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

SAMATAPURI, ODISHA-751013, INDIA

iii. Safety Rules 3

iv. Course Outline 5

vi. Points For Maintaining Lab Records 7

viii. List of Experiments 9

1. SAFETY IS of paramount importance in the Electrical Laboratories.

worktable, once the experiment has started.

decided by your instructor.

come to class for any reason, inform him/her.

Points For Maintaining Lab Records

2. Draw the circuit diagram clearly using HB pencil.

4. Use Pro-circle for drawing all meters & rotating machines.

6. Name different supply & their range clearly as mentioned below-

7. Graph should be pasted at left gutter position.

Student’s Signature Date-

Sl. Apparatus Required Specification Quantity

Sl. No. Firing angle in degree α Extinction angle Measured o/p Calculated o/p

Sl. Apparatus Required Specification Quantity

Sl. No. Control Firing angle in Extinction Measured Calculated o/p

Sl. Apparatus Required Specification Quantity

Sl. No. Vin Volts Vo Volts I0 Amps

Sl. Apparatus Required Specification Quantity

Sl. Apparatus Required Specification Quantity

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