Machine Lab Printable Completed

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Electrical Machines Lab
II
SREEPATHY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

AND TECHNOLOGY, VAVANOOR
Department
of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
LAB MANUAL
EE 09 607 (P) ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB II
SEMESTER 6
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LABORATORY MANUAL
EE 09 607 (P) ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB II
CONTENTS
SL NAME OF EXPERIMENT PAGE NO

NO
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 03
INSTRUMENT PROTECTION RULES 04
RULES AND REGULATIONS 05
CYCLE 1
1 BRAKE TEST ON SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR 06

2 NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON 3-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE 16
INDUCTION MOTOR
3 SLIP TEST ON 3-PHASE SALIENT POLE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE 28
4 VOLTAGE REGULATION ON ALTERNATOR 36
5 NO-LOAD & BLOCKED-ROTOR TESTS ON SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR 50
CYCLE 2
6 INDUCTION MACHINE AS GENERATOR & MOTOR 61
7
LOAD TEST ON POLE CHANGING INDUCTION MOTOR
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8 NO-LOAD & BLOCKED-ROTOR TESTS ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 76
9 V-CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 83
10 SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR BY VARIABLE FREQUENCY 91

METHOD
MODEL QUESTIONS 95
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The following safety precautions are to be kept in mind whole working on a work bench:
1. At the time of working with electricity, always use wooden chairs and tables. A stool will
be better than the chair.
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2. Always use rubber sheets under the chairs and the table.
3. Do not allow anybody to come around you when you are working with electricity.
4. Do not leave any wire or joint bare. It should be either tapped or covered with dry cloth.
5. Do not wear loose or wet clothes when you are working at any machine or electricity.
6. Do not touch any bare electric wire unless, you are sure that there is no current flowing
through it.
7. Do not disconnect the wires by pulling.
8. Always put the switch at positive phase.
9. Always use rubber sole shoes in the workshop.
10. The handles of all the tools should be covered with proper insulation.
11. All the instruments should be completely insulated providing rubber balls under the base.
12. Always use your own separate switch board during the work period, providing a fuse
wire of lower value than in the main switch.
13. Always remember that proper earthing is a must for safety.
14. Anywhere, in any condition, do not touch both the positive and negative wire at the same
time.
15. When there is a fire in electric wire, dry sand should be used to bring it under control.
16. When anybody gets shocked, it is important to free the victim from the current as quickly
as can be done safely.
17. Only a suitable tool should be used for a particular purpose.
18. After the use, the tools should be properly placed in the kit.
19. All injuries must be immediately taken care or else it may cause infection.
20. Always ensure that the circuit is wired correctly and verified by the lab instructor, before
switching on the power.
DO NOT MAKE COSTLY MISTAKES BECAUSE YOU DID NOT ASK A SIMPLE
QUESTION.
INSTRUMENT PROTECTION RULES
1. Set instrument scales to the highest range before applying power.

2. Check polarity markings and connections of instruments and components carefully before
connecting or turning on power.
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3. Never connect an ammeter across a voltage source. Only connect ammeters in series with
loads. An ammeter is a low-resistance device that, if connected in parallel, will short out
most components and usually destroy the ammeter or its protecting fuse.
4. Do not exceed the voltage and current ratings of instruments or other circuit elements.
This particularly applies to wattmeters since the current or voltage rating may be
exceeded with the needle still on the scale.
5. Be sure any fuse or circuit breaker is of suitable value. When connecting electrical
elements to make up a circuit, it is easy to lose track of various points in the network and
accidentally connect a wire to the wrong place. A procedure to follow that helps to avoid
this is to connect the main series portion of the network first, then go back and add the
elements in parallel. As an element is added, place a small check () by it on your circuit
diagram. This will help you keep track of your progress in assembling the whole circuit.
Then go back and verify all connections before turning on the power.
RULES AND REGULATIONS

1. Students should maintain strict discipline in the lab.
2. Absence in Lab without prior permission is not at all entertained.
3. Repeat classes can be allowed only with the written permission from HOD.
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4. Students should wear lab coat, shoe & identity card on entering the lab.
5. Female students should put up their hair properly.
6. Students should bring calculator and other necessary things to the lab.
7. Students should submit previous experiment's completed fair record.
8. Students should submit current experiments rough record containing Aim,
Apparatus required, Principle, Procedure, Circuit diagram, Tabular columns,
model calculations and expected graph.
9. Students should have a clear idea about the experiments which they are going to
do. They should tell the correct procedure to the lab in charge and then proceed.
10. Students should fill the Apparatus Requisition List, get approval from the lab in
charge and collect the apparatus from the instructor.
11. Students should return the apparatus without any damage, on the completion of
experiment. For any damages done, the corresponding batch/student will be
responsible.
12. Students should complete the calculation and graph within the lab hour itself and
get the rough record signed by lab in charge.
Expt No: 1
Date:
BRAKE TEST ON SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR AND SLIP RING
INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM: Conduct the brake test on 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor and plot the following
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performance characteristics.
a) Electrical characteristics – Speed, line current, torque, power factor, efficiency &
% slip Vs output power
b) Mechanical characteristics – Speed Vs Torque
Also find the additional kVAR required to improve the power factor to 0.95 at various
loads.
APPARATUS:
S.No. Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity
1. Voltmeter MI (0-500V) 1
2. Ammeter MI (0-10A) 1
3. Wattmeter Dynamometer Type 500V, 10A, UPF 2
4. Tachometer 1
5. TPDT switch 1
PRINCIPLE:
The two types of 3-phase induction motors are i) squirrel cage induction motor and ii)
slip-ring induction motor. Three-phase squirrel cage induction motor is generally preferred
because it is rugged in construction, requires less maintenance and is economical as
compared to 3-phase slip ring induction motor.
When the stator winding is connected to three phase ac supply, a rotating magnetic
field is established in the air gap which rotates at synchronous speed. Initially, rotor is
stationary. Due to relative speed between the rotating magnetic field and stationary rotor
conductors, an emf is induced in the rotor. As the rotor circuit is closed, currents will
circulate through them. According to Lenz’s law, these induced currents will flow in such a
direction so as to oppose the cause producing it. Here the cause is relative speed. In order to
reduce the relative speed, the currents in the rotor produce a torque tending to rotate the rotor
in the same direction of rotating field.
At synchronous speed of the rotor, the relative speed is zero, no emf and no torque is
developed, rotor tends to stop, hence rotor can not attain synchronous speed. Motor runs at a
speed slightly less than synchronous speed.
A wound rotor has a laminated core with slots on its outer surface. These slots
carry 3-phase rotor winding, which is similar to the stator winding. Both the stator and
rotor windings are designed for the same number of poles. The 3-phase rotor winding is
usually star connected. The ends of three phases are tied to slip rings mounted on the
motor shaft. The rotor windings are shorted through brushes, which ride on the slip rings.
Thus the rotor currents are accessible at these brushes. Extra resistance can be connected
to the slip rings. This extra resistance is usually necessary to give a high starting torque.
The simplest and cheapest method of starting wound-rotor induction motors is by
means of added rotor resistance, with full-line voltage across the stator terminals. At the
time of start, the addition of external resistance in the rotor circuit of a wound-rotor
induction motor i) decreases its starting current ii) increases its starting torque and iii)
improves its starting power factor.
A wound-rotor induction motor is used for loads requiring large starting torque or
for loads requiring speed control. A wound-rotor induction motor is more expensive than
a squirrel-cage motor and also it requires more maintenance because of the brushes and
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slip rings. A wound-rotor motor may be used for hoists, cranes, elevators, compressors
etc.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR:
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PROCEDURE:
Make the connections as shown diagram.
Precautions: i) Keep TPST switch open
ii) Keep TPDT in position 1 (Star connection)
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Expt No: 2
Date:
NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON 3-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE
INDUCTION MOTOR
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B) BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

Make the connections as shown in figure.
Precautions
i) Keep the autotransformer in minimum voltage position
ii) Rotor is blocked by tightening the belt on the brake drum.
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Switch on the 3 phase supply. Adjust the autotransformer so that rated current (to
get full load copper loss) flows in the ammeter. Note down voltmeter, ammeter and
wattmeter readings. (If any of the wattmeter reads negative, switch off the supply and
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Expt No: 3
Date:
SLIP TEST ON 3-PHASE SALIENT POLE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
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the voltmeter reading is high, interchange the two lines of 3 phase supply after switching
off the 3 phase supply. SPST switch is kept open.
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Expt No: 4
Date:
VOLTAGE REGULATION ON ALTERNATOR
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Short circuit characteristic (SCC) : It is the plot of short circuit armature current as a
function of field current when the machine is running at synchronous speed.
Zero power factor curve (ZPFC) : Zero power factor characteristic of an alternator
gives the variation of terminal voltage with field current, when the alternator is delivering
its full load current to a zero power factor (lagging) load.
PROCEDURE:
i) OPEN CIRCUIT & SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS (OCC & SCC)
Make the connections as shown in diagram.
Precautions/Initial settings:
i) TPST in open position
ii) DPST1 and DPST2 in open position
iii) Motor field rheostat in minimum position
iv) Potential divider in minimum voltage position
Switch
on the DC supply to the DC motor by closing the switch DPST 1. Start the DC
shunt motor using 3-point starter. Increase the resistance of dc motor field rheostat and
drive the alternator at rated speed. Now, dc supply is given to the alternator field winding
and for different values of field current, note down the open circuit voltage across the
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Expt No: 5
Date:
NO-LOAD & BLOCKED-ROTOR TESTS ON SLIP RING
INDUCTION MOTOR
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NO LOAD TEST
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST
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B) BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

Make the connections as shown in the diagram.
Precautions:
i) Keep the autotransformer in minimum voltage position
ii) Rotor is blocked by tightening the belt on the brake drum.
Switch on the 3 phase supply. Adjust the autotransformer so that rated current (to
get full load copper loss) flows in the ammeter. Note down voltmeter, ammeter and
wattmeter readings. (If any of the wattmeter reads negative, switch off the supply and
interchange the connections of the pressure coil (or current coil) of that wattmeter and
again take readings.)
. C) STATOR RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

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Expt No: 6
Date:
INDUCTION MACHINE AS GENERATOR & MOTOR
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Expt No: 7
Date:
LOAD TEST ON POLE CHANGING INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
i) To study the different modes of operation of a 3 phase pole changing induction
motor
ii) To perform load test on pole-changing induction motor, and plot the torque-speed
characteristics for both low speed and high speed connections.
APPARATUS:
S.No. Nameof theapparatus Type Range Quantity
1. Voltmeter MI 0-500V 1
2. MI 0-150V 1
3 MC 0-30V 1
4. Ammeter MI 0-5A 1
5. MI 0-10/20A 1
6. MC 0-10A 1
7. Wattmeter Dynamometer 500/250/125V,5/10A,UPF 2
8. Wattmeter Dynamometer 150V,10/20A,UPF 2
9. Dynamometer 150V,10A,LPF 1
10. Rheostat Wire wound 9Ω,8.5A 1
PRINCIPLE:
If an induction motor is to run at different speeds, one way is to have different
windings for the motor so that it will have different synchronous speeds and the running
speeds. Another method is to use one winding but with suitable connections for a changeover
to double the number of poles.
In pole changing induction motors, the stator winding of each phase is divided
into two equal groups of coils. These coil groups are connected in series and parallel with
the current direction being reversed only in one group, to create two different numbers of
poles (even) in the ratio 2:1 respectively. When the connection is changed from series to
parallel or vice versa, the current in one group of coils is also reversed at the same time.
This technique, termed the consequent pole method, is applied to all three windings
(phases). This type of induction motor has always the squirrel cage rotor, which can adapt
to any number of stator poles.
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If constant power output is to be obtained from the motor at both the speeds, i.e.
the torque is inversely proportional to the speed, the connection of the winding may be
done as shown in figure 3. For low speed operation, the voltage is applied to terminals S 1-
S2-S3 and terminals S4-S5-S6 are left open, while for high speed operation, the voltage is
applied to terminals S4-S5-S6 and S1-S2-S3 are shorted.
1. For series-delta connection, P 3VIcos Δ Δ = Φ
2. For parallel-star connection, 2 3 cos 3.46 cos Y YY YY P= VI Φ = VI Φ
After changeover from series-delta to parallel-star, the power increases slightly
(about 15%), if power factor is assumed to remain constant. The constant power
connection is the most expensive, because in this case the motor size becomes the largest.
A) LOAD TEST ON LOW SPEED MOTOR AND HIGH SPEED MOTOR

Make the connections as shown in figure.
Precautions : i) Keep the autotransformer in minimum voltage position
ii) Keep belt on brake drum in loose position (motor on no load)
Switch on the 3 phase supply by closing TPST switch. Adjust the autotransformer
and apply rated voltage to the stator. Note down the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter
readings. (If any of the wattmeter reads negative, switch off the supply and interchange
the connections of the pressure coil (or current coil) of that wattmeter).
TABULATION:
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Expt No: 8
Date:
NO-LOAD & BLOCKED-ROTOR TESTS ON SINGLE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR
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starting torque. Both the capacitor and auxiliary winding are designed for short time duty
and are disconnected by centrifugal switch when the motor has reached 75% speed.
PROCEDURE:
NO LOAD TEST
Make the connections as shown in the diagram
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

Note: For blocked rotor test, the auxiliary winding is disconnected and only the main
winding is connected to ac supply.
Precaution: Keep the autotransformer at minimum voltage position.
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Expt No: 9
Date:
V-CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
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Expt No: 10
Date:
SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR BY
VARIABLE FREQUENCY METHOD
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Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Electrical Machines Lab

SREEPATHY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

EE 09 607 (P) ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB II

SL NAME OF EXPERIMENT PAGE NO

1 BRAKE TEST ON SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR 06

6 INDUCTION MACHINE AS GENERATOR & MOTOR 61

10 SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR BY VARIABLE FREQUENCY 91

1. Set instrument scales to the highest range before applying power.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

B) BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

B) BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

. C) STATOR RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

A) LOAD TEST ON LOW SPEED MOTOR AND HIGH SPEED MOTOR

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

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