Linear Algebra Cheat Sheet

by spoopyy via cheatography.com/28376/cs/8341/

Basis Diagon​ali​zable Matrices Gram-S​chmidt Linear Combo

Orthon​orm​ali​zation
A set S is a basis for V if A is diagon​ali​zable when A is v is a linear combo of u_1 ... u_n

1. S spans V similar to a diagonal matrix. 1. B = {v1, v2, ..., vn} .

That is, A is diagon​ali​zable when
2. B' = {w1, w2, ..., wn}:
2. S is LI.
there exists an invertible matrix P
Linear Indepe​ndence
If S is a basis for V then every such that P-1AP is a diagonal
w1 = v1
vector in V can be written in one matrix a set of vectors S is LI if c1v1 +...+
and only one way as a linear w2 = v2 - projw1v2 ckvk = 0 has only the trivial
combo of vectors in S and every Dot Products Etc. w3 = v3 - projw1v3 - projw2v3 solution.
set containing more than n vectors If there are other solutions S is LD.
length​/norm ||v|| = sqrt(v​_12 +...+ wn = vn - ...
is LD. A set S is LI iff one of its vectors
v_n2 can
3. B'' = {u1, u2, ..., un}: be written as a combo of other S
Basis Test ||cv|| = |c| ||v||
vectors.
1. If S is a LI set of vectors in V, v / ||v|| is the unit vector
ui = wi/||wi||
then S is a basis for V distance d(u,v) = ||u-v|| Linear Transf​orm​ation
2. If S spans V, then S is a basis Dot product u•v = (u_1v_1 +...+ B'' is an orthon​ormal basis for V V & W are Vspaces. T:V->W is a
for V u_nv_n)
span(B) = span(B'') linear transf​orm​ation of V into W if:
n cos(theta) = u•v / (||u|| ||v||)
Change of Basis 1. T(u+v) = T(u) = T(v)
u&v are orthagonal when dot(u,v) = Important Vector Spaces
2. T(cu) = cT(u)
P[x]_B' = [x]_B 0
Rn
[x]_B' = P-1 [x]_B
Non-Ho​mogeny
Eigenshit C(-inf, +inf)
[B B'] -> [ I P-1 ]
C[a, b] If xp is a solution to Ax = b then
The scalar lambda(Y) is called an
[B' B ] -> [ I P ] every solution to the system can be
Eige​nva​lue of A when there is a P
written as x = xp
nonzero vector x such that Ax = P_n
Cross Product
Yx.
M_m,n Nullity
if u = u1i + u2j + u3k
Vector x is an Eige​nve​ctor of A
AND corres​ponding to Y. Nullsp​ace(A) = {x ε Rn : Ax = 0
Inner Products
Nullity(A) = dim(Nu​lls​pac​e(A))
v = v1i + v2j + v3k The set of all eigenv​ectors with the
||u|| = sqrt<u​,u> = n - rank(A)
THEN zero vector is a subspace of Rn
called the Eige​nsp​ace of Y. d(u,v) = ||u-v||
u x v = (u2v3 - u3v2)i - (u1v3 - Orthogonal Sets
cos(theta) = <u,​v> / (||u|| ||v||)
u3v1)j + (u1v2 - u2v1)k 1. Find Eigenv​alues: det(YI - A) = 0
u&v are orthagonal when <u,​v> = 0 Set S in V is orthogonal when every
2. Find Eigenv​ectors: (YI - A)x = 0
pair of vectors in S is orthog​onal. If
Definition of a Vector Space proj_v u = <u,​v>/​<v,​v> * v
If A is a triangular matrix then its each vector is a unit vector, then S
u + v is within V eigenv​alues are on its main is orthon​ormal
diagonal Kernal
u+v = v+u
For T:V->W The set of all vectors v
u+(v+w) = (u+v)+w
in V that satisfies T(v)=0 is the
u+0 = u
kernal of T. ker(T) is a subspace of
u-u = 0 v.
For T:Rn ->Rm by T(x)=Ax ker(T) =
cu is within V
solution space of Ax=0 &
c(u+v) = cu+cv
Cspace(A) = range(T)
(c+d)u = cu+du

c(du) = (cd)u

1*u = u

By spoopyy Published 4th June, 2016. Sponsored by ApolloPad.com

cheatography.com/spoopyy/ Last updated 4th June, 2016. Everyone has a novel in them. Finish Yours!
Page 1 of 2. https://apollopad.com
 Linear Algebra Cheat Sheet
by spoopyy via cheatography.com/28376/cs/8341/

One-to-One and Onto

T is one-to-one iff ker(T) = {0}

T is onto iff rank(T) = dim(W)

If dim(T) = dim(W) then T is one-to-one iff it is onto

Rank and Nullity of T

nullity(T) = dim(ke​rnal)

rank(T) = dim(range)

range(T) + nullity(T) = n (in m_x n)

dim(do​main) = dim(range) + dim(ke​rnal)

Rank of a Matrix

Rank(A) = dim(Rs​pace) = dim(Cs​pace)

Similar Matrices

For square matrices A and A' of order n, A' is similar to A when

there exits an invertible matrix P such that A' = P -1 AP

Spanning Sets

S = {v1...vk} is a subset of vector space V. S spans V if every

vector in v can be written as a linear combo of vectors in S.

Test for Subspace

1. u+v are in W

2. cu is in w

By spoopyy Published 4th June, 2016. Sponsored by ApolloPad.com

cheatography.com/spoopyy/ Last updated 4th June, 2016. Everyone has a novel in them. Finish Yours!
Page 2 of 2. https://apollopad.com