TABEL VII

FLAME COLORATIONS

Element Color of flame Remarks

Strontium Strontium minerals which give the flame color also

Crimson
Sr give alkaline residues after being heated.
Lithium minerals which give the flame color do not
Lithium
Crimson give alkaline residues after being heated. (difference
Li
from strontium)
In the majority of cases a distinct calcium flame will be
Calcium
Orange obtained only after the assay has been moistened with
Ca
HCL
A very delicate reaction. The flame should be very
Sodium
Intense yellow strong and persistent to indicate the presence of
Na
sodium in the mineral as an essential constituent
Barium minerals which give the barium flame also give alkaline
Yellow green
Ba residues after ignition
Molybdenum Obtained from the oxide or sulfide of molybdenum
Yellow green
Mo
Minerals giving a boron flame rarely give alkaline
Boron residues after ignition. Many boron minerals will give
Yellow green
B a green flame only after they have been broken down
by sulfuric acid or the “boron flux”
Copper Obtained from copper oxide
Emerald green
Cu
Obtained from copper chloride.any copper mineral
Copper
Azure blue will give the copper chloride flame after being
Cu
moistened with hydrochloric acid
If a mineral containing chlorine is mixed with copper
Chlorine Azure blue
oxide and introduced into the flame, the copper
Cl (copper chloride flame)
chloride flame results.
Phosphorus A phosphorus mineral may not give the flame color
Pale bluish green
P until moistened with sulfuric acid. Not a decisive test
Zinc Appears usually as bright streaks in the flame
Bluish green
Zn
Antimony Flame best observed when mineral is fused on
Pale green
Sb charcoal. Color plays about assay
Lead Flame may be observed to play about assay when a
Pale azure blue
Pb lead mineral is fused on charcoal
Potassium It may be necessary to decompose mineralwith a flux
Violet
K of gypsum, CaSO4 2H2O, to obtain flame color.
5. Bead Tests
Beberapa element bila dilarutkan didalam flux, memberikan sebuah warna karakteristik
untuk masa yang difuse.
Flux yang umumnya digunakan adalah borax Na2B4O710H2O dan garam fosfor, HNaNH4PO44H2O.
Sodium karbonat, Na2CO3 digunakan pada test untuk menganesa.

TABEL VIII
BEAD TEST

Borax Bead Phosphorus Salt Bead

Oxides of
Oxidizing flame Reducing flame Oxidizing flame Reducing flame
Colorless to
Titanium Brownish violet Colorless Violet
white
Colorless to Yellow to
Tungsten Colorless Fine blue
white yellowish brown
Colorless to
Molybdenum Brown Colorless Fine green
white
Chromium yellowish green Fine green Fine green Fine green
Yellowish green
Vanadium Fine green yelloe Fine green
almost colorless
Pale green to Pale greenish
Uranium Yellow Fine green
nearly colorless yellow
Pale bottle Yellow to al
iron Yellow Almost colorless
green most colorless
Opaque red with
Copper Blue green Blue Opaque red
much oxide
Blue reddish Blue opaque Blue yellow to Blue yellow to
Cobalt nickel
brown gray reddish yellow reddish yellow
Manganese Reddish violet Colorless Violet colorless

Cara pengerjaannya yaitu pertama-tama dengan melebur suatu flux pada bagian
lingkaran kecil dari ujung kawat Fe/Pt, sehingga terbentuk lensa bead. Setelah lensa bead ini
terbentuk dan masih dalam keadaan panas sejumlah kecil dari bubuk mineral ditempatkan
didalamnya dan dilebur kembali.
 Warna bead yang dihasilkan tergantung pada posisi pemanasan yang dilakukan, yaitu
pada nyala oksidasi atau pada nyala reduksi dan juga tergantung pada jenis flux yang dipakai.
Untuk jelasnya lihat table VIII.

GAMBAR 6
PLATINUM WIRE LOOP

Catatan :
Semua mineral-mineral logam sebaiknya dipanasi /dipanggang dahulu sebelum
ditempatkan didalam bead untuk membentuk suatu oksida logam.