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THE CULTURAL AND LITERARY CONTRIBUTION OF


NAWAB WAJID ALI SHAH

Dr. Tahir Hussain Ansari


Assistant Professor, Department of History,
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KarbiAnglong, Assam

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1
Kamaluddin,QaisarͲutͲTawarikh,pp.34
2
LalajiWaldSitalPrasad,MiratulAwaza(Persianms)p475;RazaLibrary,Rampur.
3
MahalKhanaͲiͲShahi,UrdutranslationofWajidAliShah’sIshqNamah,p.11.
4
MiratͲulAwzah,p.10
5
MahalKhanaͲiͲShahi,pp.38,48
6
Ibid.




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7
SyedMasoodHasanRizvi,UrduDramaAurStage,p.7,SafdarHussain,LucknowKiTahzeebiMeeras,p.203
8
Ibid.alsoRanbirSingh,WajidAliShah,theTragicKing,p.90.
9
SyedMasoodHasanRizvi,op.cit.,p.203
10
Ibid.
11
RanbirSingh,WajidAliShah,theTragicKing,p.91.
12
Ibid.,pp.92Ͳ93
13
Ibid.pp.93Ͳ100.
14
Marg,Englishsixmonthlyjournals,Bombay,Sept.1959(article)ofMulkRajAnand,p.10.




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15
RanbirSingh,op.cit.pp.113Ͳ117.
16
Ibid.pp.113Ͳ128.
17
WajidAliShah,HuznͲiͲAkhtari,p71.KaukabQadrSajjadAliMirza,WajidAliShah,AdabiAurShaqaftiKhidmat,
p460.
18
Marg,op.cit.pp.2Ͳ3.
19
SyedSafdarHussain,LucknowKiTahzeebiMeeras,p.247.
20
Ibid.
21
SyedSafdarHussain,MahalKhanͲiͲShahi,pp.40Ͳ41.
22
MirzaRajabAliBegSarwar,FasanͲiͲIbrat,pp.84Ͳ85.
23
FasanͲiͲIbrat,p.84.




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24
KaukabQadarSajjadAliMirza,WajidAliShah,AdbiaurShaqaftiKhidmat,p.456.
25
JanͲiͲAlam,p.26.
26
MirzaMohd.Taqi,AftabͲiͲAwadh,p.152
27
QadeemHunras,pp.36Ͳ37.
28
Ibid.p.96
29
Ibid.
30
Ibid.
31
LucknowKaShahiStage,pp.181Ͳ82
32
Ibid.
33
MahalKhanͲiͲShahi,p.52




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34
Ibid.p.73
35
S.N.Sen,EighteenFiftyseven,Delhi,1959,p.242.
36
G.D.Bhatnagar,AwadhunderWajidAliShah,Varanasi,pp.59Ͳ63.
37
KaukabQadrSajjadAliMirza,op.cit.,pp.110Ͳ113
38
KaukabSajjadAliMirza,WajidAliShah,AdbiAurShaqaftiKhidmat,p.113.
39
Ibid.p.119
40
Ibid.p.120
41
Ibid.pp.121Ͳ22




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42
Ibid.pp.121Ͳ22
43
Ibid.p.122
44
Ibid.p.125
45
Ibid.p.127
46
Ibid.p.131
47
Ibid.p.132
48
Ibid.p.134Ͳ135.




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49
Ibid.p.157
50
Ibid.p.157
51
Ibid.,p.166
52
Ibid.pp.167Ͳ168
53
Ibid.p.168




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54
Ibid.
55
KaukabQadarSajjadAliMirza,IntekhabWajidAliShah‘Akhtar’,p.26
56
WajidAliShah,HuznͲiͲAkhtari,p.71




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57
G.D.Bhatnagar,AwadhunderWajidAliShah,p.153.
58
QaisarͲutTawarikh,p.133.WazirNama,p.200.
59
AbdulHamidSharar,Lucknow:TheLastPhaseofanOrientalCulture,OUP,pp.78Ͳ92.
60
Ibid.
61
Ibid.




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