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1 Number System PDF
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Quantitative Aptitude
1. NUMBER SYSTEM
In Indian system, numbers are expressed by means of symbols 0,1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, called digits.
Here, 0 is called insignificant digit whereas 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6,7 , 8,9 are called significant digits. We can
express a number in two ways.
Notation: Representing a number in figures is known as notation as 350.
Numeration: Representing a number in words is known as numeration as ‘Five hundred and forty
five.
Face Value and Place Value of a Digit:
Face Value: It is the value of the digit itself.
e.g. in 3452, face value of 4 is ‘four’, face value of 2 is ‘two’.
Place Value: It is the face value of the digit multiplied by the place value at which it is situated
e.g. in 2586, place value of 5 is 5×102 = 500.
Number Categories -
Natural Numbers (N): If N is the set of natural numbers, then we write N = {1 ,2 ,3 ,4 , 5 6,...}
The smallest natural number is 1.
Whole Numbers (W): If W is the set of whole numbers, then we write W = {0, 1,2,3,4, 5,...}
The smallest whole number is 0.
Integers (I): If I is the set of integers, then we write I = {- 3, -2, - 1, 0 , 1, 2, 3,...}
Rational Numbers: Any number which can be expressed in the form of p/q, where p and q are both
integers and q # 0 are called rational numbers.
E.g. : , , ,
There exists infinite number of rational numbers between any two rational numbers.
Irrational Numbers Non-recurring and non-terminating decimals are called irrational numbers.
These numbers cannot be expressed in the form of .
E.g. √ , √,√
…
Real Numbers: Real numbers include both rational and irrational numbers.
Basic Rules on Natural Numbers
1. One digit numbers are from 1 to 9. There are 9 one digit numbers. i.e.
°
2. Two digit numbers are from 10 to 99. There, are 90 two digit numbers, i.e.
3. Three digit numbers are from 100 to 999. There are 900 three digit numbers i.e.
4. Sum of the first n natural numbers i.e. 1+ 2 + 3+ 4 + ...+n =
5. Sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers i.e. 1 + 2 + 3 + 42 + ...+ n2 =
2 2 2
2
3
6. Sum of the cubes of the first n natural number i.e. 1 + 2 + 3 + ...+n = 3 3 3
!
Example: What is the value of 51 + 52 + 53 + ...+ 100 ?
Solution: 51 + 52 + 33 + ... + 100 = (1 + 3 + ...+ 100) — (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 50)
" "
# " ##
Different Types of Numbers:
Even Numbers: Numbers which are exactly divisible by 2 are called even numbers,
e.g., - 4 , - 2 , 0,2, 4...
Sum of first n even numbers = n (n + 1)
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Odd Numbers: Numbers which are not exactly divisible by 2 are called odd numbers.
e.g., -5 ,-3 ,-1 ,0 , 1,3,5...
Sum of first n odd numbers = n2
Prime Numbers: Numbers which are divisible by one and itself only are called prime numbers.
E.g. 2,3,5,7,11...
• 2 is the only even prime number.
• 1 is not a prime number because it has two equal factors.
• Every prime number greater than 3 can be written in the form of (6K+ l) or (6K -1) where K is an
intE.g.er. There are 15 prime numbers between 1 and 50 and 10 prime numbers between 50 and 100.
Relative Prime Numbers: Two numbers are said to be relatively prime if they do not have any
common factor other than 1.
e.g. (3,5),(4,7),(11,15),(15,4)...
Twin Primes: Two prime numbers which differ by 2 are called twin primes.
e.g., (3,5),(5,7),(11,13),...
Composite Numbers: Numbers which are not prime are called composite numbers.
e.g., 4,6,9,15,...
1 is neither prime nor composite.
Perfect Number: A number is said to be a perfect number, if the sum of all its factors excluding
itself is equal to the number itself, e.g. Factors of 6 are 1, 2,3 and 6.
Sum of factors excluding 6 = 1 + 2 + 3= 6.
6 is a perfect number.
Other examples of perfect numbers are 28,496, 8128 etc.
Rules for Divisibility:
Divisibility by 2: A number is divisible by 2 when the digit at ones place is 0,2 ,4 ,6 or 8.
e.g., 3582,460,28,352,..........
Divisibility by 3: A number is divisible by 3 when sum of all digits of a number is divisible by 3.
e.g., 453 = 4 + 5 + 3= 12.
12 is divisible by 3 so, 453 is also divisible by 3.
Divisibility by 4: A number is divisible by 4, if the number formed with its last two digits is divisible
by 4. e.g., if we take the number 45024, the last two digits form 24. Since, the number 24 is divisible
by 4, the number 45024 is also divisible by 4.
Divisibility by 5: A number is divisible by 5 if its last digit is 0 or 5.
e.g., 10,25,60
Divisibility by 6: A number is divisible by 6, if it is divisible by both 2 and 3.
e.g., 48,24,108
Divisibility by 7: A number is divisible by 7 when the difference between twice the digit at ones
place and the number formed by other digits is either zero or divisible by 7.
e.g. 658
6 5 - 2 × 8 = 65 -16 = 49
As 49 is divisible by 7 the number 658 is also divisible by 7.
Divisibility by 8: A number is divisible by 8, if the number formed by the last 3 digits of the number
is divisible by 8.
e.g. if we take the number 57832, the last three digits form 832. Since, the number 832 is divisible by
8, the number 57832 is also divisible by 8.
Divisibility by 9: A number is divisible by 9, if the sum of all the digits of a number is divisible by 9.
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(a) 0 (b) 5
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20. Find the sum of all natural numbers from 30. For any natural number n, what is the
100 to 175. value of
(a) 10456 (b )10452
& & & -& ?
(c) 10450 (d) 10455 . . . $ ./. & 0
21. Find the sum of all natural-numbers (a) 1 (b) >1 (c) <1
between 100 and 175. (d) Can’t be determined
(a) 10450 (b)10175
31. Arrangement of – , ).2 3. the
(c) 10170 (d) 10435
ascending order is:
22. What least number must be subtracted
from 3475 to make it divisible by 50 ? (a) , , (b) , ,
(a) 75 (b )100 (c) , , (d) , ,
(c) 25 (d) 50 32. Which one of the following numbers will
23. How many numbers up to 800 are completely divide
divisible by 24? 4 & & & & 5?
(a) 30 (b)29
(a) 7 (b) 11 (c) 9 (d) 13
(c) 33 (d) 26
33. The sum of the numerator and
24. How many numbers up to 700 are
denominator of a fraction is equal to 5.
divisible by both 3 and 5?
Five times the numerator is 4 more than
(a) 42 (b) 46
twice the denominator. The fraction is:
(c) 39 (d) 52
25. Find the number nearest to 2559 which is (a) (b) (c) (d)
exactly divisible by 35. 34. How many integers from 1 to 100 exist
(a) 2535 (b) 2555 such that each is divisible by 5 and also
(c) 2540 (d) 2560 has 5 as a digit ?
26. The prime numbers dividing 109 and (a) 10 (b) 11
leaving a remainder of 4 in each case are: (c) 12 (d) 20
(a) 5 and 7 (b) 2 and 11 35. In the array 48392874362754869364, the
(c) 3 and 8 (d) 11 and 12 number of instances where an even
27. Sum of two numbers is 60 and their number is followed by two odd numbers
difference is 12. Find their product. is
(a) 864 (b) 852 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 824 (d) 836 (c) 3 (d) 4
28. Out of four consecutive prime numbers, 36. Ashok had to do a multiplication. Instead
the product of first three is 385 and the of taking 35 as one of the multipliers, he
product of the last three is 1001. Find the took 53. As a result, the product went up
last number? by 540. What is the new product?
(a) 7 (b) 11 (a) 1050 (b) 1590
(c) 13 (d) 17 (c) 1440 (d) None of these
29. If a piece of road is 3000 m and we have 37. The number zero (0) is surrounded by the
to supply some lamp posts. One post is at same two digit number on both (left and
each end and distance between two right) sides: for example 25025, 67067
consecutive lamp posts is etc. The largest number that always
75 m. Find the number of posts required. divides such a number is
(a) 41 (b) 39 (a) 7 (b) 11
(c) 40 (d) 36 (c) 13 (d) 1001
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Quantitative Aptitude
SOLUTIONS
||||
1.
=
= =-
2. Place value = 5× 1000 = 5000
Face value = 5
Product = 5000× 5 = 25000
3. 9 & / 9 & 0 & / 9 & %0 " #
9 &
" # :
9 " #
Or 9 " "#
;The largest of them is 27.
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" " $
Sum of natural numbers up to 175
# #%
" " $
; Sum of all natural numbers from 100 to # " $
$
"
$
21. Between 100 and 175 means excluding 100 and 175.
Sum of natural numbers up to 100
"
Sum of natural numbers upto 174
#$ #
" "
∴ Required sum
"
"
#
22. Remainder when 3475 is divided by 50 is 25.
; Least number that should be subtracted
"
23. Quotient when 800 is divided by 24 is 33.There are 33 numbers up to 800
divisible by 24.
24. Quotient when 700 is divided by the LCM of 3 and 5 i.e., 15 is 46.
;There are 46 numbers upto 700.
25. M-I: 35)2559(73
245
109
105
4
The two numbers nearest to 2559 divisible by 35 are
(a)
$ "
(b)
& / $ 0 "
;The required number is 2555.
M-II: OTP
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" (1+5+25+125+625)
" (781)
Since 781 is divisible by 11, ×781 is also divisible by 11.
33. M-I: Let the fraction be .
9 & = " and 9 = " $
Solving, 9 " ).2 = "
∴ The fraction is
M-II: OTP
34. These numbers are following 5,15,25, 35, 45, 50, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95
So, total 11 such type of numbers.
35. .In the array 392874362754869364; 8, 2 and 6 i.e., three number of required instances.
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