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لغويات مادح PDF
لغويات مادح PDF
Sims
Understanding morphology
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is morphology? 1
1.2 Morphology in different languages 4
1.3 The goals of morphological research 6
1.4 A brief user's guide to this book 9
Summary of Chapter 1 11
Further reading 11
Comprehension exercises 12
2 Basic concepts 14
2.1 Lexemes and word-forms 15
2.2 Affixes, bases and roots 19
2.3 Morphemes and allomorphs 22
Summary of Chapter 2 27
Appendix. Morpheme-by-morpheme glosses 27
Comprehension exercises 29
Exploratory exercise 30
3 Rules 33
3.1 Morphological patterns 34
3.1.1 Affixation and compounding 34
3.1.2 Base modification 35
3.1.3 Reduplication 38
3.1.4 Conversion 39
3.1.5 Outside the realm of morphology 40
vi CONTENTS
4 Lexicon 60
4.1 A morpheme lexicon? 61
4.2 A strict word-form lexicon? 66
4.3 Reconciling word-forms and morphemes 70
Summary of Chapter 4 75
Further reading
Comprehension exercises 76
Exploratory exercise 77
77
6 Productivity 114
10 Morphophonology 211
10.1 Two types of alternations 211
10.2 The productivity of morphophonological alternations 217
10.3 The diachrony of morphophonological alternations 220
10.4 Morphophonology as phonology 222
10.5 Morphophonology as morphology 228
Summary of Chapter 10 231
Further reading 231
Comprehension exercises 232
References 301