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PAST

PERFECT
ENGLISH B1
BY GABRIELLA MONTSERRAT LUNA
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THE PAST PERFECT 
EXPRESSES  ONE ACTION
THAT  HAPPENED BEFORE
THE OTHER.
(putting emphasis only on the fact,

not the duration)


Rachel hadn't lost hope, and in the end she found her

baby
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AN ACTION THAT
HAPPENED BEFORE A
SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST.
I had already fallen asleep before ten o'clock.
PAST.........................................NOW
__________X____________X______________|
I LOST MY WALLET          I DIDN'T HAVE ANY MONEY 

past perfect      past simple      present

I didn't have any money because I had lost my wallet


John had gone out when I arrived in the office.
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Tony knew Istanbul so well because he Kristine had never been to an opera
had visited the city several times. before last night.

3 4

You had studied German before you I had had that house for eight years
moved to Germany. before the fire.

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