ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND PROCEDURE OPTIONAL: Salvador T.

Carlota, “The Ombudsman: Its effectivity and visibility amidst bureaucratic

College of Law
New Era University
COURSE OUTLINE
I. HISTORICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
A. Development of Administrative Law
OPTIONAL: Chapter 1 of Ruben E. Agpalo, “Philippine Administrative Law” (Quezon City: Rex, 1999)
1. Factors responsible for the emergence of administrative agencies
2. The doctrine of separation of powers and the constitutional position of administrative
agencies
III. QUASI-LEGISLATIVE POWER
B. Definitions: Administrative Law and Administrative Agencies
 Pangasinan Transportation Co. v. PSC, 70 PHIL 221 (1940)
 Manila Electric Company v. Pasay Transportation Co. (G.R. No. L-37878, November 25, 1932)
 Antonio H. Noblejas vs. Claudio Teehankee, et al. (G.R. No. L-28790, April 29, 1968)
 Garcia v. Macaraig, 39 SCRA 106 (1972)
 In re Judge Rodolfo Manzano, 166 SCRA 246 (1988)
 Puyat vs. De Guzman, Jr. (G.R. No. L-51122, March 25, 1982)
 Malaga vs. Penachos, Jr., G.R. No. 86695, 3 September 1992, 213 SCRA 516
 Beja, Sr. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97149, 31 March 1992, 207 SCRA 689
 Eugenio vs. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 115863, 31 March 1995, 243 SCRA 196
 De la Llana vs. Alba, G.R. No. L-57883, 12 March 1982, 112 SCRA 294
 Lacson-Magallanes Co., Inc. vs. Panñ o, G.R. No. L-27811, 17 November 1967, 21 SCRA 895
 Medalla vs. Sayo, G.R. No. L-54554, 30 March 1981, 103 SCRA 587
 Lianga Bay Logging Co. vs. Enage, G.R. No. L-30637, 6 July 1987, 152 SCRA 80
II. CONTROL OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
A. Administrative Agencies and Executive Power
abuse and irregularity,” Philippine Law Journal, Vol. 65, No. 12 (1990)
 Concerned Officials of the MWSS v. Vasquez, 240 SCRA 502 (1995)
 Lastimosa v. Vasquez, 243 SCRA 497 (1995)
 Dolalas v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 118808, December 24, 1996
 BIR v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 115103, April 11, 2002
 Ombudsman v. ENOC, G.R. No. 145957-68, January 25, 2002
 Fuentes v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 124295, October 23, 2001
 Ledesma v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 161629, July 29, 2005
 Estarija v. Ranada, 492 SCRA 652 (2006)
 Ombudsman v. Masing, 542 SCRA 253 (2008)
C. Power Congressional Oversight
 Macalintal v. Comelec 405 SCRA 693-733 (pay close attention to CJ Puno’s opinion)
A. Non-delegation Doctrine
 Compania General de Tabacos de Filipinas v. Board of Public Utility Commissioners (G.R. No. L-
11216, March 6, 1916)
 U.S. v. Ang Tang Ho, 43 PHIL 1 (1922)
 People v. Vera, 65 PHIL 56 (1937)
 Emmanuel Pelaez v. The Auditor General (G.R. No. L-23825, December 24, 1965)
 Edu v. Ericta (G.R. No. L-32096 October 24, 1970)
 Agustin v. Edu (GR No. L-49112, G.R. No. L-49112 February 2, 1979)
 FTWU v. Ministry of Labor and Employment (G.R. No. L-58184, October 30, 1981)
 Philcomsat v. Alcuaz (G.R. No. 84818, December 18, 1989)
 Chongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253 (1995)
 Santiago v. Commission on Elections , 270 SCRA 106 (1997) - - only on non-delegation issue
 Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388 (1935)
 Abakada Guro Party List v. Ermita, G.R. No. 168207, September 1, 2005 - non-delegation issue
 Review Center Association of the Philippines v. Ermita 583 SCRA 428 (2009)
 A.L.A. Schecter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935)
 Federal Energy Administration v. Al Gonquin SNG, Inc., 426 U.S. 548 (1976)
 White v. Roughton, 530 F. 2d. 750 (CA, 71976)


OPTIONAL: Salvador T. Carlota, “Legislative and Judicial Control of Administrative Decision- B. Permissible Delegation
making,” Philippine Law Journal.
(1) Ascertainment of Fact
 Art. VII, Secs. 1 and 17, 1987 Constitution  Lovina v. Moreno (G.R. No. L-178221, November 29, 1963)

B. Role of the Ombudsman (2) Filling in of details

 Alegre v. Collector of Customs, 53 Phil. 394 (1920)

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(3) Administrative Rule-Making
 Book VII, Administrative Procedure, Secs. 1-9, Administrative Code of 1987
 Cawad v. Abad (G.R. No. 207145, July 28, 2015)
C. Limits on Rule-Making Power
 Olsen & Co., Inc. v. Aldanese, 43 Phil. 259 (1922)
 Syman v. Jacinto, 93 Phil. 1093 (1953)
 Philippine Lawyers Association v. Agrava, 105 Phil 173 (1959)
 People v. Maceren, No. L-32166, Oct. 18, 1977; 79 SCRA 450
 Toledo v. Civil Service Commission, 202 SCRA 507 (1991)
 Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals, 240 SCRA 368 (1995
 Land Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, 249 SCRA 149 (1995)
 GMCR, Inc. v. Bell Telecommunication Phils., Inc. – 271 SCRA 790
 Association of Phil. Coconut Desiccators vs. Phil. Coconut Authority – 286 SCRA 109 (1998)
 Ople vs. Torres – 293 SCRA 141 (1998)
 Phil. Bank of Communications v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 302 SCRA 241 (1999)
 China Banking Corp., v. Members of the Board of Trustees, Home Development Mutual Fund – 307
SCRA 443 (1999)
 Maxima Realty Management and Development Corporation v. Parkway Real Estate Development
Corp. – 442 SCRA 572 (2004)
 PCSO v. Pulido-Tan (G.R. No. 216776, April 19, 2016)
D. Administrative Rules
(4) Examples of rule-making in various agencies
 Director of Forestry v. Munñ oz, G.R. No. 24796, June 28, 1968, 23 SCRA 1183
 Sand v. Abad Santos Educational Institution, G.R. No. L-30918, July 19, 1974; 58 SCRA 33 (1974)
 American Tobacco Co. v. Director of Patents, L-26803, Oct. 14, 1975; 67 SCRA 287
 Rabor v. Civil Service Commission, 244 SCRA 614 (1995)
 The Conference of Maritime Manning Agencies, Inc. v. POEA, 243 SCRA 666 (1995)
 Realty Exchange Venture Corporation v. Sendeno, 223 SCRA 665 (1994)
 Soriano v. La Guardia 587 SCRA 79 (2009)
 Dagan v. Phil. Racing Commission 578 SCRA 585 (2009)
(5) Rate-Fixing
 Director of Forestry v. Munñ oz, supra
 Administrative Code of 1987 Sec. 9, Book VII
 Panay Autobus Co. v. Phil. Railway Co., 57 Phil. 172 (1993)
 KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, 239 SCRA 386) (1994)
 Ynchaustic S.S. Co. v. Public Utility Commission, 42 Phil. 621 (1922)
 Vigan Electric Co. v. PSC, G.R. No. L-19850, Jan. 30, 1964, 10 SCRA 46
 Phil. Communications Corp. v. Alcuaz, 180 SCRA 218 (1989)
 MIAA v. Airspain Corp. 445 SCRA 471 (2004)
(6) Licensing
 Secs. 17-18, Book VII, Administrative Code of 1987
 Gonzalo Sy Trading vs. Central Bank, 70 SCRA 570, April 30, 1976

(1) Publication and Effectivity IV. QUASI-JUDICIAL POWER

 People v. Que Po Lay, 94, Phil. 640
 Philippine Blooming Mills v. SSS, G.R. No. 21223, August 31, 1966, 17 SCRA 1077 A. Investigation and Adjudication
 Tanñ ada v. Tuvera 146 SCRA 446  Secs. 10-15, Book VII, Administrative Code of 1987
 Phil. Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Torres, 212 SCRA 298 (1992)
 De Jesus vs. Commission on Audit – 294 SCRA 152 (1998) (1) Power to issue subpoena/declare contempt.
 Republic of the Philippines v. Extelcom, G.R. No. 147096, January 15, 2002
 NASECORE v. ERC G.R. No. 163935, February 2, 2006 (1) (a) General statutory provision
 GMA v. MTRCB 514 SCRA 191 (2007)  Sec. 13, Book VII, Administrative Code of 1987
 Republic v. Pilipinas Shell Corp. 550 SCRA 680 (2008)
 Book VII, Secs. 3-8, Administrative Code of 1987 (1) (b) Special Statutory Grant
 Presidential Decree No. 902-A
(2) Penal Regulations  Evangelista v. Jarencio, L-29274, Nov. 27, 1975, 68 SCRA 99
 People v. Que Po Lay, supra  Guevarra v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 12596, July 31, 1958
 People v. Maceren, supra  Catura v. 37 SCRA 303 (1971)
 Tolentino v. Inciong, G.R. No. L-36385, July 25, 1979
(3) Interpretative Rules/Contemporaneous Construction
 Director of Forestry v. Munñ oz, infra (2) Warrants of arrest/Administrative searches
 Victorias Co v. Social Security Commission G.R. No. 16704, March 17, 1962; 114 Phil 555 (1962)  Art. III, Sec. 2 of the 1987 Constitution
 Peralta v. Civil Service Commission, 212 SCRA 425 (1992)  Qua Chee Gan v. Deportation Board, G.R. No. 10280, Sept. 30, 1963, 9 SCRA 27
 Vivo v. Montesa G.R. No. 24576, July 29, 1968, 29 SCRA 155

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  Santos v. Commissioner, 74 SCRA 96 (1976)
 Harvey v. Defensor-Santiago, 162 SCRA 840 (1988)
 Lucien Tran Van Nghia v. Liwag, 175 SCRA 318 (1989)
 Salazar v. Achacoso, 183 SCRA 145 (1990)
 Board of Commissioners (CID) v. De la Rosa, 197 SCRA 853 (1991)
 See v. Seattle, 387 U.S. 523, 5 June 1967
(3) Imposition of Fines and Penalties
 Oceanic Steam Navigation Co. v. Stranahan, 214 U.S. 320 (1908)
 Civil Aeronautics Board v. Philippine Airlines, Inc., L-40245, April 30, 1975; 63 SCRA 524
(1975)
 Scoty’s Dept. Store v. Micaller, 99 PHIL 762 (1956)
 U.S. v. Barrias, 11 Phil. 327 (1908)
 RCPI v. Board of Communications, No. L-43653, Nov. 29, 1977, 80 SCRA 471
 Perez v. LPG Refillers Association of the Philippines, Inc. 492 SCRA 638 (2006)
B. Judicial Determination of Sufficiency of Standards
(1) Interest of Law and Order
 Rubi v. The Prov. Board of Mindoro, 39 Phil. 661 (1919)
(2) Public Interest and General Welfare
 People v. Rosenthal & Osmenñ a, 68 Phil 328 (1939)
 CREBA v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, G.R. No. 183409, June 18, 2010
(3) Justice, equity and substantial merits of the case
 International Hardwood & Veneer Co. v. Pangil Federation, 70 Phil. 602 (1940)
(4) Adequate and efficient instruction
 PACU v. Secretary, 97 Phil. 806 (1955)
(5) What is moral, education or amusing
 Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Commission, 236 U.S. 230 (1914)
(6) What is sacrilegious
 Burstyn v. Wilson, 343 U.S. 495 (1952)
(7) Reasonableness as an implied standard
 Wisconsin Inspection Bureau v. Whitman, 196 Wis. 427, 220 M. W. 929 (1928)
(8) To promote simplicity, economy or efficiency
 Cervantes v. Auditor General, 91 Phil. 359 (1952)
(9) Maintain monetary stability, promote rising level of production and real income
 People v. Joliffe, 105 Phil 177 (1959)
IV. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
 Book VII, Administrative Procedure, Sec. 1-26, Administrative Code of 1987
A. Rules of Procedure
 See Art. IX-A, Section 6 of the 1987 Constitution
B. Due Process in Administrative Hearings
(1) Cardinal primary rights
 Ang Tibay v. Court of Industrial Relations, 69 Phil 635 (1950)
 Aspec v. Itchon, G.R. No. 21685, April 30, 1966, 15 SCRA 921
 Vigan Electric v. PSC, G.R. No. 19850, Jan. 30, 1954, 10 SCRA 46
 Borja v. Moreno, G.R. No. L-16487, July 31, 1964, 11 SCRA 568
 Vinta Maritime Co., Inc. vs. NLRC – 284 SCRA 656 (1998)
 Bachrach Motor Co., inc. v. CIR, G.R. No. L-26136, October 30, 1978, 86 SCRA 27 (1978)
 U.P. Board of Regents v. Court of Appeals 313 SCRA 404 (1999)
 Zambales Chromite Mining Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-49711, November 7, 1979
 Anzaldo v. Clave, 119 SCRA 353 (1982)
 Rivera v. Civil Service Commission, 240 SCRA 43 (1995)
 American Inter-Fashion Corp. v. Office of the President, 197 SCRA, 409 (1991)
 Pefianco v. Moral 322 SCRA 439 (2000)
 NAPOLCOM, National Appellate Board and PNPO v. Police Chief Inspector Leonardo Bernabe,
G.R. No. 129914, May 12, 2000
 Montemayor v. Bundalian, G.R. No. 149335, July 1, 2003, 405 SCRA 26
 Shoppes Manila, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 147125, January 14, 2004, 419 SCRA 354
 Goss v. Lopez 419 U.S. 565 (1975)
 Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 (1996)
 Magcamit v. IAS – PDEA, G.R. No. 198140, January 25, 2016
(2) Notice and Hearing
When required
 Halili v. PSC, 92 Phil. 1036 (1953)
 Commissioner of Immigration v. Fernandez, G.R. No. L-22696, May 29, 1964, 11 SCRA 184
 National Development Co. v. Collector, G.R. No. L-19180, Oct. 31, 1963, 9 SCRA 429 (1963)
 Bautista v. Workmen’s Compensation Commission, No. L-43027, Jan. 31, 1979, 88 SCRA 121
 Equitable Banking Corp. v. NLRC – 273 SCRA 352 (1997)
 Felix Uy et. al., v. COA et al., G.R. No. 130685, March 21, 2000.
When not required
 Suntay v. People, 101 Phil 833 (1957)
 Bishop v. Galang, G.R. No. 18365, May 31, 1963, 8 SCRA 244
 Pollution Adjudication Board vs. Court of Appeals, 195 SCRA 112 (1991)
 QC PTCA v. DepEd (G.R. No. 188720, February 23, 2016)
 Javier v. COMELEC (G.R. No. 215847, January 12, 2016)
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(3) Form of and Promulgation of Judgment
 Indias v. Phil. Iron Mines, 107 Phil 297 (1957)
 American Tobacco Co. v. Director of Patents, L-26803, Oct. 14, 1975, 67 SCRA 287
 Serrano v. PSC, G.R. no. 24165, Aug. 30, 1968, 24 SCRA 867
 Arocha v. Vivo, G.R. No. 24844, Oct. 26, 1967, 21 SCRA 532
 Neria v. Com. Of Immigration, G.R. No. 24800, May 27, 1968, 23 SCRA 806 (1968)
 Go Yu Tak Wai v. Vivo, No. L-22257, May 23, 1997, 77 SCRA 55
 Sichanagco v. The Board of Commissioners of Immigration, G.R. L- 23545, Nov. 7, 1979
 Realty Exchange Venture Corp. vs. Sendino, 233 SCRA 665 (1994)
(4) Jurisdiction
 Feliciano v. Director of Patents, 93 Phil 113 (1953)
 Syquia v. Board of Power & Waterworks, L-42783-85, Nov. 29, 1976; 74 SCRA 212 (1976)
 Go Tek v. Deportation Board, No. L-23846, Sept. 9, 1977; 79 SCRA 17 (1977)
 Vera v. Cuevas, Nos. L-33693-94, May 31, 1979; 90 SCRA 379 (1979)
 De la Fuente v. De Veyra, 120 SCRA 451 (1983)
 Carinñ o v. Commission on Human Rights, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)
 Simon, Jr. v. Commission on Human Rights, 229 SCRA 117 (1994)
 Laguna Lake Development Authority vs. CA, 231 SCRA 292 (1994)
 Union Bank of the Philippines v. HLURB, 210 SCRA 558 (1992)
 Mateo v. Court of Appeals, 247 SCRA 284 (1995)
 Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. CAB, 270 SCRA 538 (1997)
 ERB v. Court of Appeals, 305 SCRA 327 (1999)
 Unilongo v. Court of Appeals, 305 SCRA 561 (1999)
 Delta Ventures Resources Inc. v. Cabato – 327 SCRA 521 (2000).
 Cagayan Electric Power and Light Co., Inc. v. Constancio F. Collera, et. al., G.R. No. 102184,
April 12, 2000.
 Jesus Lim Arranza, et. al., v. B.F. Homes, Inc. et al., G.R. No. 131683, June 19, 2000
 Cooperative Development Authority v. Dolefil Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Cooperative, Inc.,
432 Phil. 290 (2002)
 De Jesus v. COA G.R. No. 149154, June 10, 2003
 CSC v. Alfonso, 589 SCRA 88 (2009)
(5) Administrative and Judicial Proceedings Arising from the same Facts
 Galang v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 15569, May 30, 1961, 2 SCRA 234
 Co San v. Director of Patents, G.R. No. 10563, Feb. 23, 1961.
 Villanos v. Subido, G.R. No. L-23169, May 31, 1971, 45 SCRA 142
 PNR v. Domingo, G.R. No. L-30772 Oct. 29, 1971, 42 SCRA 142
 The Police Commission v. Lood, 96 SCRA 819 (1980)
 Tan v. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 353 (1994)
 Ocampo v. Office of the Ombudsman, 322 SCRA 17 (2000)
 Miralles vs. Go, 349 SCRA 596 (2001)
 Ferrer v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 161067, March 14, 2008
(6) Rules of Evidence (Substantial Evidence)
 Rule 133, Section 5 of the Rules of Court
 Philippine Movie Pictures Workers Ass’n. v. Premier Production, 92 Phil. 844 (1953)
 Estate of Florencio Buan v. Pambusco, 99 Phil. 373 (1956)
 Rizal Light Co. v. Mun. of Rizal, G.R. No. 20993, Sept. 28, 1968 (omit the corporation law part),
24 SCRA 285
 Borja v. Moreno, G.R. No. L-16487, July 31, 1964, 11 SCRA 568
 Maceda v. Energy Regulatory Board, 199 SCRA 454 (1991)
 Bantolino v. Coca-Cola Bottlers, 403 SCRA 699 (2003)
 CSC v. Colangco, 553 SCRA 640 (2008)
VII. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS
Policy
Paraiso – Aban v. COA, G.R. No. 217948, January 12, 2016
A. Factors Affecting Finality of Administrative Decision
 Switchmen’s Union of North America v. National Mediation Board, 320 U.S. 297 (1943)
 CHEVRON U.S.A. v. NATURAL RES. DEF. COUNCIL, 467 U.S. 837 (1984)
 Fortich vs. Corona, 239 SCRA 624 (1998)
 Antique Sawmill Inc. v. Zayco, G.R. No. 20051, May 30, 1966, 17 SCRA 316
 Sotto v. Ruiz, 41 Phil 468 (1921)
 Uy v. Palomar, G.R. No. 2448, Feb. 28, 1969; 27 SCRA 287 (1969)
 Manuel v. Villena, G.R. No. 28218, Feb. 27, 1971, 37 SCRA 745 (1971)
 San Miguel Corporation v. Secretary of Labor, L-39195, May 16, 1975, 64 SCRA 56.
 UCPB v. E. Guanzon, Inc., 591 SCRA 321 (2009)
B. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
 Pascual v. Prov., Board, 106 Phil 446 (1959)
 Alzate v. Aldana, G.R. No. 14407, Feb. 29, 1960, 107 Phil. 298 (1960)
 Cipriano v. Marcelino v. Marcelino, G.R. No. L-27793, Feb. 28, 1972, 43 SCRA 291
 Corpuz v. Cuaderno, G.R. No. I-17860, March 30, 1962
 De Lara v. Clorivel, G.R. No. L-21653, May 13, 1965, 14 SCRA 269
 Paredes v. C.A. 253 SCRA 126 (1996), 1978, 81 SCRA 574
 Quasha v. SEC No. L-47536, May 31, 1978; 83 SCRA 557
 Pacana v. Consunji, 108 SCRA 631 (1981)
 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 255 SCRA 438 (1996)
 PAAT v. C.A. 266 SCRA 167 (1997)
 Lopez v. City of Manila, 303 SCRA 448 (1999)
 Garcia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 100579 , June 6, 2001
 DAR v. Apex Investment, 401 SCRA 283 (2003)
 Smart Communications, Inc. v. NTC, 408 SCRA 678 (2003)
 Estrada v. C.A., 442 SCRA 117 (2004)
 Regino vs. Pangasinan Colleges of Sciences and Technology, 443 SCRA 56 (2004)
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  Flores v. Sangguniang Panlalawigan, G.R. No. 159022, February 23, 2005
 CSC v. DBM 464 SCRA 115 (2005)
 Alta Vista v. City of Cebu, G.R. No. 180235, January 20, 2016
C. Primary Jurisdiction and Concurrent Jurisdiction
 Texas & Pac. Railway Co. v. Abilene, 204 U.S. 426 (1907)
 Phil. Global Communications, Inc. v. Relova, L-52819, Oct. 2, 1980
 Qualitrans Limousine Service, Inc. v. Royal Class Limousine Service, 179 SCRA 569 (1980)
 Viadad v. RTC of Negros Oriental, Br. 42, 227 SCRA 271 (1993)
 Industrial Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 184 SCRA 426 (1990)
 Conrad and Co., Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 246 SCRA 691 (1995)
 Philippine Veterans Bank v. C.A., 322 SCRA 139 (2000)
 Hilario v. Prudente (G.R. No. 150635, September 11, 2008)
 In-N-Out Burger, Inc. v. Sehwani, Inc., G.R. No. 179127, December 24, 2008
D. Standing to Challenge
 Ursal v. CTA, 101 Phil 209 (1957)
 Acting Collecor v. CTA, 102 Phil 244 (1958)
 Lozada v. Commission on Elections, 120 SCRA 337 (1983)
 Oposa v. Factoran, Jr., 224 SCRA 792 (1993)
 Joya v. Presidential Commission on Good Government, 225 SCRA 568 (1993)
 Kilos Bayan, Inc. v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110 (1994)
 KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, 239 SCRA 386 (1994)
 Kilos Bayan, Inc. v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540 (1995)
 Integrated Bar of the Philippines v. Zamora, et. al., G.R. No. 141284. August 15, 2000- - standing
issue only
 Domingo v. Carague, G.R. No. 161065, 15 April 2005, 456 SCRA 450
 Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp, 397 US 150 (1970)
 Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727 (1972)
 Simon v. Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Organization 426 US 26 (1976)
 Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation, 497 U.S. 871 (1990)
 Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992)
E. Ripeness
 Abbot Laboratories v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136 (1967)
 Ferrer v. Mayor Roco, G.R. No. 174129, July 5, 2010
 National Automatic Laundry & Cleaning Council v. Shultz, 443 F.2d 689 (DC Cir. 1971)
VIII. MODES OF JUDICIAL REVIEW
 Art. IX, A. Common Provisions, Sec. 7 of the 1987 Constitution
 B.P. Bldg. 129, Sec. 9, as amended by R.A. No. 7902 (1995).
 Book VII, Sec. 25 of the Administrative Code of 1987
 Supreme Court, Revised Administrative Circular No. 1-95, May 16, 199
 Rule 43, Revised Rules of Civil Procedure
 Sebastian v. Hon. Morales (G.R. No. 141116, February 17, 2003)
 Tan v. Link (G.R. No. 172849, December 10, 2008)
A. Certiorari
 St. Martin Funeral Homes. V. NLRC – 295 SCRA 494 (1998)
 Police Commission v. Bello, G.R. Nos. 29950-60, Jan. 30, 1971, 37 SCRA 230
 Meralco Securities Industrial Corporation v. Central Board of Assessment Appeals, 114 SCRA 260
(1982)
 De Leon v. Heirs of Gregorio Reyes, 155 SCRA 584 (1987)
 Purefoods Corporation v. NLRC, 171 SCRA 415 (1989)
 PLDT v. National Telecommunications Commission 241 SCRA 486 (1995)
 Azores v. SEC, 252 SCRA 387 (1996)
 Villaruel vs. NLRC – 284 SCRA 399 (1998)
 Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. General Foods (Phils.) Inc., G.R. No. 143672, April 24, 2003
 Cruz v. Gangan, G.R. No. 143403, 395 SCRA 711 [2003]
 Pagayanan R. Hadji-Sirad v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 182267, August 28, 2009.
B. Prohibition
 Chua Hiong v. Deportation Board, 96 Phil. 665 (1955)
 Co. v. The Deportation Board, 78 SCRA 104 (1977)
 Simon, Jr. v. Commission on Human Rights, 229 SCRA 117 (1994)
 Paredes v. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 126 (1996)
C. Mandamus
 Blanco v. Board of Examiners, 46 Phil. 190 (1924)
 Ng Gioc Liu v. Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 85 Phil 842 (1950)
 Policarpio v. Phil. Veterans Bd., 99 Phil. 797 (1956)
 Tan v. Veterans Backpay Commission, 105 Phil. 377 (1959)
 Province of Pangasinan v. Reparations Commission, No. L-27448, Nov. 29, 1977, 80 SCRA 376
 Meralco Securities Corporation v. Savellano, 117 SCRA 804 (1982)
 Cruz v. Court of Appeals, 252 SCRA 599 (1956).
 PRC v. de Guzman, G. R. No. 144681, June 21, 2004
D. Declaratory Relief
 Azajar v. Ardalles, 97 Phil 851 (1955)
 De Borja v. Villadolid, 35 Phil 36 (1949)
 National Dental Supply Co. v. Meer, 90 Phils 265 (1951)
 Mirando v. Wellington Ty & Bros, Inc. No. L-44062, Feb. 16, 1978, 81 SCRA 506
 CREBA v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, G.R. No. 183409, June 18, 2010
E. Habeas Corpus
 Mejoff v. Director of Prisons, 90 Phil 70 (1951)
 Co v. The Deportation Board, 78 sCRA 104 (1977)
 Lucien Tran Van Nghia v. Liwag, 175 SCRA 318 (1989)
5
 F. Injunction as provisional remedy
 Collector v. Reyes, 100 Phil 822 (1957 D. Question of Discretion
 Pineda v. Lantin, G.R. No. 15350, Nov. 30, 1962, 6 SCRA 757  Laguna Tayabas Bus Co., v. PSC, G.R. No. 10903, Jan. 18, 1957
 Philippine Pacific Fishing Co., Inc. v. Luna, 112 SCRA 604 (1982)  Manila Trading v. Zulueta, 69 Phil 485 (1940)
 Lemi v. Valencia, G.R. No. 22756, March 18, 1966, 16 SCRA 406 (1966)  Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawasa La Suerte-POITAF v. Noriel G.R. No. L-45475, June 20, 1977, 77
 Honda v. San Diego, G.R. No. 22756, March 18, 1966, 16 SCRA 406 (1966) SCRA 414
 Nocnoc v. Vera, No., L-37737, Feb. 27, 1979, 88 SCRA 529  Federation of Free Workers (Bisig ng Manggagawa sa UTEX) v. Noriel, G.R. No. L-47182-83, Oct. 30,
1978; 86 SCRA 132 (1978)
G. Suit for damages, indirect Method  PLDT v. NTC, 241 SCRA 486 (1995)
 Philippine Racing Club v. Bonifacio; G.R. No. 11944 Aug. 31, 1960, 109 Phil 233 (1960)

X. ENFORCEMENT OF AGENCY ACTION

IX. EXTENT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW
A. Res Judicata/Finality of Judgment
A. The Law-Fact distinction  Ipekdjian Merchandising v. CTA, G.R. No. 15430, Sept. 30, 1963, 9 SCRA 72 (1963)
 Dauan v. Sec. G.R. No. 19547, May 18, 1959, 105 Phil 1317 (1959)  Nasipit Lumber Co., Inc. v. NLRC 177 SCRA 93 (1989)
 Reyes Vda. De Santiago v. Reyes, G.R. No. 13115, Feb. 29, 1960, 107 Phil 210 (1960)  Dulay v. Minister of Natural Resources, 218 SCRA 562 (1993)
 Aboitiz Shipping Corp. v. Pepeti, G.R. No. L-21335, Dec. 17, 1966, 18 SCRA 1028  Phil. American General Insurance Company, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 222 SCRA 155 (1993)
B. Question of Law  Meralco v. Phil. Consumers Foundation, et. al. G.R. No. 101783, January 23, 2002
 Ortua v. Vicente SingsonEncarnacion, 59 Phil 440 (1934)
 Mejia v. Mapa, 50 O.,G. No. 6, 2507 (1954) B. Writ of Execution/Mandamus
 People v. Santos, 63 Phil 300 (1936)  Apolega v. Hizon, G.R. No. L-23832, Sept. 28, 1968, 25 SCRA 336 (1968)
 Japanese War Notes Claimants v. SEC. G.R. No. 8987, May 23, 1957, 101 Phil 540 (1957)  Vda. De Corpuz v. The Commanding General, Phil. Army, G.R. No. L-44077, Sept., 30, 1978
 Ysmael v. CIR, G.R. No. 14280, May 30, 1960, 108 Phil. 407  Ambrosio v. Salvador, G.R. No. L-47651, Dec. 11, 1978
 O’Leary v. Brown Pacific-Maxon, Inc. 340, U.S. 504 (1960) (1951)  Merano v. Tutaan, 115 SCRA 343 (1982)
 Okeeffe v. Smith Associates; 380 U.S. 359 (1965)  GSIS c. Civil Service Commission, 202 SCRA 799 (1991)
 Clavano v. HLURB, G.R. No. 143781, February 27, 2002
C. Question of Fact
 Gonzales v. Victory Labor Union, G.R. No. 23256, Oct. 31, 1969, 30 SCRA 47
 Yutuc v. Rep. of the Phil. G.R. No. 43270, Dec. 29, 1978
 Suarnaba v. WCC, G.R. No. L42337, Oct. 9, 1978
 Acting Commissioner of Customs v. Manila Electric Company, G. R. No. L23623, June 30, 1977 77
SCRA 469
 Community Sawmill Company v. CIR, No. L-24347, March 27, 1979, 89 SCRA 164 (1979)
 Unno Commercial Enterprises, Inc. v. General Milling Corporation, 120 SCRA 804 (1983)
 Manahan v. People, 167 SCRA 1 (1988)
 Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage Bank v. Monetary Board, Central Bank of the Philippines, 204
SCRA 767 (1991)
 Philippine Airlines, Inc. vs. Confessor, 231 SCRA 41 (1994)
 Manila Electric Co. v. NLRC, 198 SCRA 681 (1991)
 Lameyra v. Pangilinan, 322 SCRA 117 (2000)
 German Marine Agencies, Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 142049, January 30, 2001, 350 SCRA 629
 Velasquez v. Hernandez, G.R. No. 150732, 31 August 2004, 437 SCRA 357, 369
 Civil Service Commission v. Cayobit, 410 SCRA 357 (2003)
 Office of the Ombudsman v. Florentina Santos, G.R. No. 166116. March 31, 2006
 Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474 (1951)