RIZAL MEMORIAL COLLEGES, INC.

Constitutional Law I
First Semester, AY 2022-2023
Atty. Reizel Ann A. Tanchico

I. INTERPRETING THE CONSTITUTION (W1.2)

 Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408 (1997)
 Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696 (1953)
 Francisco v. The House of Representatives, 415 SCRA 44 (2003)
 In Re Supreme Court Judicial Independence v. Judiciary Development Fund, UDK-
15143 (Resolution), January 21, 2015

a. Interpretation (W2.1)
 Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284 (1987)
 Filoteo Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, 263 SCRA 222 (1996)
 J.M. Tuason & Co., Inc. v. Land Tenure Administration, 31 SCRA 413 (1970)

b. Adoption and Amendment of the Constitution

 Lambino v. COMELEC, 505 SCRA 160 (2006)

II. JUDICIAL REVIEW (W2.2)

a. Separation of Powers
 In Re: Laureta and Maravilla, 148 SCRA 382 (1987)
 Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)

b. Theory and Justification of Judicial Review

 Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)

c. Justiciable and Political Questions

 Miranda v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 133064, September 16, 1999

 Torrecampo v. MWSS, G.R. No. 188296, May 30, 2011

d. Requisites of Judicial Review

1. Actual Case or Controversy

i. Prematurity
 PACU v. Secretary of Education, 97 Phil. 806 (1955)
ii. Mootness
 Atlas Fertilizer v. Secretary of DAR, G.R. No. 93100, June 19,
1997

2. Proper Party
 Joya v. PCGG, G.R. 96541, August 24, 1993
 Tanada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
  KMU Labor Center v. Garcia, G.R. 115381, December 23, 1994
 GMA Network, Inc. v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No.
205357, September 2, 2014
 Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines v.
COMELEC, G.R. No. 159139, January 13, 2004 Ople v. Torres, 293
SCRA 141 (1998)
 People v. Vera, 65 Phil 56 (1937)

i. Future Generations and Fauna (W3.1)

 Oposa v. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792

 Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon
Strait v. Secretary Reyes, G.R. No. 180771/181527, April 21,
2015
 Segovia v. The Climate Change Commission, G.R. No. 211010,
March 7, 2017

3. Earliest Opportunity (W3.2)

 Sta. Rosa Realty Development Corp. v. Amante, G.R. Nos. 112526 &
118838, March 16, 2005
 4. Necessity of Deciding Constitutional Questions
 Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)

III. Territory, People, and Government

a. Territory

 Magallona v. Ermita, G.R. No. 187167, July 16, 2011

 Activity: Antonio Carpio, Defending Philippine Sovereign Rights in the West Philippine
Sea available at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GWcgKNMxjo&feature=youtu.be

b. People (W4.1)

1. Citizenship
Article IV (Citizenship), Sections 1-5
 Republic Act No. 9139 (2000)
 Aznar v. COMELEC, 185 SCRA 703 (1990)
 Tecson v. Commission on Elections, 424 SCRA 277 (2004)
 Co v. Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representatives, 199 SCRA 692
(1991)
 Willie Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364 (1989)
 Angat v. Republic, 314 SCRA 438 (1999)
 Bengson III v. Cruz, 357 SCRA 545 (2001)
 Tan Co v. Civil Register of Manila, 423 SCRA 426 (2004)
 Republic v. Sagun, G.R. No. 187567, February 15, 2012
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  Go v. Republic of the Philippines, G.R. No. 202809, July 2, 2014
 Republic v. Go Pei Hung, G.R. No. 212785, April 4, 2018
 In Re Mahtani v. Republic, G.R. No. 211118, G.R. No. 21, 2018
 David v. Senate Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 221538, September 20, 2016

2. Suffrage (W4.2)
Art. V, Sections 1-2
 Romualdez v. RTC, 226 SCRA 408, 415 (1993)
 AKBAYAN v. COMELEC, 355 SCRA 318 (2001)
 Kabataan Party List v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 221318, December 16, 2015
 Palatino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189868, December 15, 2009
 Ceniza v. COMELEC, 95 SCRA 703 (1980)
 Gonzales v. COMELEC, L-40117, February 22, 1975
 Macalintal v. COMELEC, 405 SCRA 614 (2003)

3. Amending or Revision Process – Article XVII

A. In general
 Del Rosario v. COMELEC, 35 SCRA 367
 Imbong v. COMELEC, 35 SCRA 28
 Lambino v. COMELEC

B. Proposals (W5.1)

1. By congress as Constituent Assembly

 Occena v. Commission, 104 SCRA 1
 Gonzales v. COMELEC, 21 SCRA 774

2. By Constitutional Convention
 Tan v. Macapagal, 43 SCRA 677

3. By People’s Initiative
 Lambino v. COMELEC
 Santiago v. COMELEC

4. By the President (W5.2)

 Sanidad v. COMELEC, 73 SCRA 33

5. Submission of Proposed Amendments

 Tolentino v. COMELEC, 41 SCRA 702

C. Ratification
 Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 30
Activity: Who made sense?

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c. Government

1. Government of the Philippines, Defined

 U.S. v. Dorr, 2 Phil. 332 (1903)

2. Constituent and Ministrant Functions of the Government

 Bacani v. NACOCO, 100 Phil. 468 (1956)
 ACCFA v. CUGCO, 141 Phil 334 (1969)

3. De Facto and De Jure Government

 Co Cham v. Valdez, 75 Phil. 113 (1945)

4. Revolutionary Government
 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 104768, July 21, 2003

5. Parens Patriae
 Samahan ng mga Progresibong Kabataan v. Quezon City, G.R. No.
225442, August 8, 2017

6. Immunity from Suit (W6.1)

When is a suit against the State
 Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424
 Republic v. Sandoval, G.R. No. 84607, March 19, 1993
 Phil. Agila Satellite v. Lichauco, G.R. No. 134887, July 27, 2006
 Department of Health v. Phil. Pharmawealth, Inc., G.R. No. 169304,
March 13, 2007
 Heirs of Mendoza v. DPWH, G.R. No. 203834, July 9, 2014
 City of Bacolod v. Phuture Visions Co., Inc., G.R. No. 190289, January 11,
2018

Express Consent
 Lockheed Detective and Watchman Agency, Inc. v. UP, G.R. No. 185918,
April 18, 2012

Money claims arising from contract, See Act No. 3083 and Commonwealth Act
No. 327, as amended by Pres. Decree No. 1445
 Department of Agriculture v. NLRC, G.R. No. 104269, November 11, 1993

Torts committed by special agents - NCC Article 2180

 Meritt v. Government, 34 Phil. 311

Incorporated Government Agencies

 Philippine National Bank v. CIR, 81 SCRA 314
 Social Security System v. Court of Appeals, 120 SCRA 707

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 Implied Consent (W6.2)
Government submits itself to the court’s jurisdiction
 Lockheed Detective and Watchman Agency, Inc. v. UP, supra.

The State itself files a complaint

 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 129406, March 6, 2006
 Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping Co., 95 Phil. 905

Government entering into business contracts; unincorporated agencies

exercising proprietary
 Air Transportation Office v. David, G.R. No. 159402, February 23, 2011

When Inequitable for government to claim immunity

 Vigilar v. Aquino, G.R. No. 180388, January 18, 2011
 Department of Transportation and Communication v. Sps. Abecina, G.R.
No. 206484, June 29, 2016

Execution
 National Electrification Administration v. Morales, G.R. No. 154200,
June 24, 2007
 Gumaru v. Quirino State College, G.R. No. 164196, June 22, 2007
 Republic v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 174747,
March 9, 2016

7. Inherent Powers of the State (W7.1)

Police Power
 Basco v. PAGCOR, G.R. No. 91649, May 14, 1991
 Binay v. Domingo, G.R. No. 92389, September 11, 1991
 Agustin v. Edu, 88 SCRA 195

Power of Taxation
 Mactan Cebu International Airport Authority v. Marcos, G.R. No.
120082, September 11, 1996
 PBCOM v. Commissioner, G.R. 112024, January 28, 1999
 Commissioner v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119761, August 29, 1996
 Gerochi v. Department of Energy, G.R. No. 159796, July 17, 2007

Eminent Domain
 Eslaban, Jr. v. De Onorio, G.R. No. 146602, June 28, 2001
 Iron and Steel Authority v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 102976, October
25, 1995
 Telecommunications and Broadcast Attorneys of the Philippines v.
COMELEC, G.R. No. 132922, April 21, 1998

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d. Policies (W7.2)

1. Independent foreign policy and a nuclear-free Philippines - Article II, §§ 7-8;

Article XVIII, §§4 and 25 (on foreign military bases)
 Bayan v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
 Lim v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 151445, April 11, 2002
 Saguisag v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 212426, January 12, 2016

2. A just and dynamic social order – Preamble; Article II, §9

a. The promotion of social justice
b. Social justice defined - Art. XIII, §1
 Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726

3. Aspects of social justice

Labor – Art. II, § 18; Art. XIII, §3; Article III, §8; Article IX-B, §2(5)
 Hongkong Bank Independent Labor Union (HBLU) v. Hongkong and
Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, G.R. No. 218390, February 28,
2018
Agrarian and natural resources reform – Art. II, §2; Art. XIII, §4-8; See Republic
Act No. 6657 (1988), as amended by Republic Act No. 9700 (2009)

Urban land reform and housing - Art. XIII, §§9-10; See Republic Act No. 7279
(1992)
 Macasiano v. National Housing Authority, Resolution, G.R. No.
107921, July 1, 1993

Health - Art. XIII, §§11-13

Women – Art. 2, § 14; Art. XIII, §14, See Republic Act No. 9710 (2009)
 Saudia v. Rebesencio, G.R. No. 198587, January 14, 2015

4. People’s organizations – Art. 2, § 23, Art. XIII, §§15-16

5. Respect for human dignity and human rights - Article XIII, §§17-19, Article II,
§11, Article XVI §5(2)

6. The priority of education, science, technology, arts, culture & sports - Article II,
§ 17

Education
Right to education - Art. XIV, §1
Educational mandate of the state - Art. XIV, §§2 and 5
The educational system - Art. XIV, §§3-4, See Republic Act No. 10533 (2013)
 DECS v. San Diego, G.R. No. 89572, December 29, 1989
 Garcia v. Faculty Admission Committee – Loyola School of Theology,
G.R. No. L-40779, November 28, 1975
 Non v. Dames, II, G.R. No. 89317, May 20, 1990
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  Ateneo de Manila University v. Capulong, G.R. No. 99327, May 27,
1993
 De La Salle University, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127980,
December 19, 2007
 Calawag v. University of the Philippines Visayas, G.R. No. 207412,
August 7, 2013
 Cudia v. Superintendent of the Philippine Military Academy, G.R. No.
211362, February 24, 2015

Language - Art. XIV, §6-9

Science and technology -Art. XIV, §§10-13

Arts and culture - Art. XIV, §§14-18

Sports - Art. XIV, §19

Promotion of health and ecology - Article II, §§15-16; Article XIII, §§11-13
(W8.1)
 Oposa v. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792
 MMDA v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, G.R. No 171947, December
18, 2008

7. The family as basic autonomous social institution - Article II, §12; Article XV (The
Family); Article II, §13; Family Code, Article 1 (W8.2)

a. Protection of the Unborn

b. Natural Right and Duty of Parents
 Imbong v. Ochoa, Jr., G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014

8. A self-reliant and independent economic order - Article II, Sections 19 – 20

a. National Economy and Patrimony - Art. XII, §1
 Tañada v. Angara, G.R. No. 118295, May 2, 1997
 Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408

b. Natural Resources - Art. XII, §§2-5 and 7

 La Bugal-B’Laan Tribal Association v. Ramos, G.R. No. 127882,
December 1, 2004
 Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon Strait v.
Secretary of Energy, G.R. No. 180771, April 21, 2015
 Yinhu Bicol Mining Corporation v. Trans-Asia Oil and Energy
Development Corporation, G.R. No. 207942, January 12, 2015

c. Private lands
i. Citizenship requirement - Art. XII, §7; 1973 Const., Art. XVII, §11
Exception (acquisition by legal succession, Acquisition by former
natural born citizen - Art. XII, §8)
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 ii. Agrarian reform - Art. XIII, §§4-8
iii. Urban land reform and housing - Art. XIII, §§9-10

d. Lease to foreigners of private lands valid

e. Regulation of economic activities (W9.1)

i. Rationale - Art. XII, §§6 and 12-13
ii. Organization and regulation of private corporations - Art. XII, §16
 Ridon v. AXN Networks Philippines Inc., G.R. 210885, August 26,
2014
 Southern Luzon Drug Corporation v. DSWD, G.R. No. 199699,
April 25, 2017

iii. Operation of public utilities - Art. XII, §§11 and 17; See SEC
Memorandum Circular No. 8 (s. 2013)
 Tatad v. Garcia, G.R. No. 114222, April 6, 1995
 Gamboa v. Teves, G.R. No. 176579, June 28, 2011, Resolution
dated October 9, 2012
 Narra Nickel Mining v. Redmont Consolidated Mines Corp., G.R.
No. 195580, January 28, 2015
 Roy v. Chairperson Herbosa, G.R. No. 207246, November 22,
2016, Resolution dated April 18, 2017

iv. On mass media and advertising industry - Art. XVI, §§10-11

v. Practice of professions - Art. XII, §14 (W9.2)

vi. State operation of private enterprises - Art. XII, §§17-18

 Agan v. PIATCO, G.R. No. 155001, May 5, 2003 and Resolution
of January 21, 2004

vii. Monopolies, combinations, and unfair competition - Art. XII, §19

(Republic Act No. 10667 or the Philippine Competition Act)

viii. Money, banking and credit - Art. XII, §§20-21

ix. Cooperatives - Art. XII, §15, See Republic Act No. 9520 (2008)
 DCCCO v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. 182722,
January 22, 2010

9. Communication and information in nation building, Article II, Section 24; Article
XVI, Sections 10 – 11; Article XVIII, Section 23
 Chavez v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 168338, January 15, 2008

10. Autonomy of local governments

11. Recognition of rights of indigenous cultural communities

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 Article II, Section 22
Article VI, Section 5(2)
Article XII, Section 5
Article XIII, Section 6
Article XIV, Section 17
Article XVI, Section 12
See Republic Act No. 8371 (1997)
 Cruz v. Secretary of Environment & Natural Resources, 347 SCRA 128
 Cariño v. Insular Government, 212 U.S. 449 (1909)

11. Honest Public Service and Full Public Disclosure

Article II, Section 27
Article XI, Sections 4,5,6 (Ombudsman)
Article II, Section 28 (full public disclosure)
Article XI, Section 17 (statement of assets/liabilities)
Article VII, Section 12 (president's health)
Article VII, Section 20 (publication of loan applications)
Article XII, Section 21 (make public foreign loans)
Article XII, Section 2(5) (contracts with foreign groups)
Article VII, Sections 12,20 (conflict of interest/books of account)
Article IX-D, Section 4 (COA annual report)
Article III, Section 7 (right to information)
Freedom of Information – Executive Order No. 2 (s. 2016)
http://www.gov.ph/2016/07/23/executive order-no-02-s-2016/
 Chavez v. Public Estates Authority, G.R. No. 133250, July 9, 2002
 IDEALS v. PSALM, G.R. No. 192088, October 9, 2012
 Villafuerte v. Robredo, G.R. No. 195390, December 10, 2014

IV. THE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT (W10.1)

a. Congress

1. Power, Composition, Qualification and Term of Office

i. Senate
ii. House of Representatives

 Atong Paglaong, Inc. v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 203766, April

2, 2013
 Abang Lingkod Party-List v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 206952,
October 22, 2013
 Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 190582,
April 8, 2010
 Dayao v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 193643, January 29, 2013
 Lokin, Jr. v. Commission on Elections, GR No. 193808, June 26, 2012
 Lico v. Commission on Elections, GR No. 205505, September 29, 2015.
 Coalition of Associations of Senior Citizens v. Commission on Elections,
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 G.R. No. 206844-45, July 23, 2013
 COCOFED-Philippine Coconut Producers Federation, Inc. v. Commission
on Elections, G.R. No. 207026, August 6, 2013
 Araro v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 192803, December 10, 2013
 Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido Tinig ng Masa v. Commission on Elections,
G.R. No. 207134, June 16, 2015
 Aquino v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 400 (1995)
 Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300 (1995)

2. Election (W10.2)

i. Regular election
ii. Special election

 Republic Act No. 6645 (1987)

 Tolentino v. COMELEC, 420 SCRA 438, January 21, 2004
 Biñas-Nograles v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 246328, September
10, 2019

3. Organizations and Sessions

i. Election of Officers
 Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. No. 134577, November 18, 1998
 Baguilat v. Alvarez, G.R. No. 227757, July 25, 2017

ii. Quorum
 Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17 (1949)

iii. Rules of Proceedings

 Pacete v. Commission on Appointments, 40 SCRA 58 (1971)
 Arroyo v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, August 14, 1997

iv. Discipline of Members

 De Venecia v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 130240, Feb. 5, 2002
 Pobre v. Defensor-Santiago, A.C. 7399, August 25, 2009
 Pimentel v. Senate Committee of the Whole, G.R. No. 187714, March 8,
2011

v. Journal and Record

The Enrolled Bill Theory

 Council of Teachers and Staff of Colleges and Universities of the
Philippines v. Secretary of Education, G.R. Nos. 216930, 217451,
217752, 218045, 218098, 218123 & 218465, October 9, 2018

Probative Value of the Journal

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  United States v. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)

Matters to be entered in the Journal

Journal Entry Rule v. Enrolled Bill Theory
 Astorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)
 Morales v. Subido, 27 SCRA 131 (1969)

Congressional Record

vi. Session

4. Salaries, Privileges and Disqualifications

i. Salaries
 PHILCONSA v. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)
 Ligot v. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)

ii. Freedom from Arrest

 People v. Jalosjos, G.R. No. 132875-76, February 3, 2000

iii. Speech and Debate Clause

 Trillanes IV v. Castillo-Marigomen, G.R. No. 223451, March 14, 2018

iv. Disqualifications
 Liban v. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, July 15, 2009 and January 18, 2011
Republic Act No. 10530 (2013)

v. Duty to Disclose

5. Electoral Tribunals (W11.1)

 Abbas v. SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
 Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792 (1991)
 Reyes v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013
 Codilla v. De Venecia, G.R. 150605, December 10, 2002 Velasco v.
Speaker, G.R. No. 211140, January 12, 2016
 Reyes v. v. HRET, G.R. No. 221193, October 16, 2018
 Pimentel v. HRET, G.R. No. 141489, November 29, 2002
 Abayon v. HRET, G.R. No. 222236, May 3, 2016

6. Commission on Appointments
 Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
 Coseteng v. Mitra, Jr. 187 SCRA 377 (1990)
 Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992)
 Drilon v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 180055, July 31, 2009

7. Powers of Congress

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 A. General Plenary Powers
 Torralba v. Sibagat, 147 SCRA 390 (1987)

B. Limitations on the Legislative Power

i. Substantive limitations
ii. Procedural limitations
 ABAKADA GURO Party List v. Purisima, G.R. No. 166715, August
14,2008

8. Legislative Process (W11.2)

A. Requirements as to bills
i. Titles of bills
 Lidasan v. COMELEC, 21 SCRA 479 (1967)
 Giron v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 188179, January 22, 2013

ii. Requirements as to certain laws

Appropriation laws
 Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)
 Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221 (1991)
 Philconsa v. Enriquez, G.R. No. 113105, August 19, 1994
 LAMP v. The Secretary of Budget, G.R. No. 164987, April 24, 2012
 Belgica v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 208566, November 19,
2013 Araullo v. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014
 Belgica v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 210503, October 8, 2019
 Dela Cruz v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 219683, January 23, 2018
 Pichay, Jr. v. Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary, G.R. No.
196425, July 24, 2012
 Nazareth v. Villar, G.R. No. 188635, January 29, 2013

Tax laws
 Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, G.R. No. 115455, August 25,
1994 Lung Center v. Quezon City, G.R. No. 144104, June 29, 2004
 Tan v. Del Rosario, 237 SCRA 324 (1994)
 Garcia v. Executive Secretary, 211 SCRA 219 (1992)
 John Hay PAC v. Lim, G.R. No. 119775, October 24, 2003

Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (W12.1)

 Fabian v. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16, 1998
 Carpio-Morales v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 217126-27,
November 10, 2015

B. Procedure for the passage of bills

 Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, G.R. No. 115455, Aug. 25, 1994
 Kida v. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, October 18, 2011 (on certification that the
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 bill is urgent)
 Ang Nars Party-List v. The Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 215746, October 8,
2019

C. Effectivity of laws
 Tanada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April 24, 1985 and December 29, 1986

D. Question Hour

E. Legislative investigation (W12.2)

 Balag v. Senate, G.R. No. 234608, July 3, 2018
 In Re Sabio, G.R. No. 174340, October 17, 2006
 Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767 (1991)
 Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169777, April 20, 2006
 Gudani v. Sena, G.R. No. 170165, August 15, 2006
 Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and
Investigations, G.R. No. 180643, March 25, 2008 and September 4, 2008
 Garcillano v. The House of Representatives Committee on Public
Information, G.R. No. 170338, December 23, 2008 AKBAYAN v. Aquino, G.R.
No. 170516, July 16, 2008
 Agcaoili, Jr. v. Farinas, G.R. No. 232395, July 3, 2018 (fourth issue)

9. Other Powers:
A. Act as board of canvassers for presidential election
 Pimentel v. Congress, G.R. No. 163783, June 22, 2004

B. Call a special election for Presidency

C. Decide on disability of the President

D. Legislative veto or extension for suspension of writ of habeas corpus or

declaration of martial law
 Padilla v. Congress, G.R. No. 231671, July25, 2017

E. Presidential amnesties

F. Concur in treaties
 Pimentel v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 158088, July 6, 2005
 Bayan Muna v. Romulo, G.R. No. 159618, February 1, 2011
 Saguisag v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 212426, 212444, January 12, 2016 and July 26,
2016
 Wilson v. Ermita, G.R. No.189220, December 7, 2016

G. Declaration of existence of war

H. Delegation of emergency powers

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 I. Utilization of natural resources

J. Amendment of Constitution

L. Power of Impeachment (W12.1)

 Gutierrez v. The House of Representatives Committee on Justice, G.R. No.
193459, February 15, 2011 Chief Justice Corona v. Senate, JGR No. 200242,
July 17, 2012
 Republic v. Sereno, G.R. No. 237428, May 11, 2018

B. Executive Department (W12.2)

1. The President

A. Qualifications, election, term and oath

 Pormento v. Estrada, G.R. No. 181988, August 31, 2010
 Pamatong v. Duterte, G.R. No. 239339, January 22, 2019

B. Privileges and salary

 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152154, July 15, 2003
 Marcos, Jr. v. Republic of the Philippines, G.R. No. 189434, March 12, 2014
C. Succession
 Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
 De Leon v. Duterte, G.R. No. 252118, May 8, 2020
D. Removal

E. Prohibitions

F. Exceptions to prohibition from holding another office:

 Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317 (1991)
 Cruz v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 138489, November 29, 2001
 National Amnesty Commission v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 156982,
September 8, 2004

2. Powers and Functions of the President (W13.1)

A. Executive Power

 Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989

 The Province of North Cotabato v. The Government of the Republic of
the Philippines Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain, G.R. No. 183591,
October 14, 2008
 Banda v. Ermita, G.R. No. 166620, April 20, 2010
 Biraogo v. Philippine Truth Commission of 2010, 637 SCRA 78 (2010)

B. Control of executive departments

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  Blaquera v. Alcala, G.R. No. 109406, September 11, 1998
 Hutchison Ports v. SBMA, G.R. No. 131367, August 31, 2000
 NEA v. COA, 377 SCRA 233 (2002)
 Zabal v. Duterte, G.R. No. 238467, February 12, 2019

C. General supervision over local governments/autonomous regions (W13.2)

 Pimentel v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 132988, July 19, 2000

D. Power of Appointment
 Bermudez v. Torres, G.R. No. 131429, August 4, 1999
 Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549 (1987)
 Calderon v. Carale, G.R. No. 91636, April 23, 1992
 Manalo v. Sistoza, G.R. No. 107369, August 11, 1999
 Soriano v. Lista, G.R. No. 153881, March 24, 2003
 Pimentel v. Ermita, G.R. 164978, October 13, 2005
 General v. Urra, G.R. No. 191560, March 29, 2011
 De Castro v. JBC, G.R. No. 191002, March 17, 2010
 De Rama v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131136, February 28, 2001
 Velicaria-Garafil v. Office of the President, G.R. No. 203372, June 16,
2015
 Matibag v. Benipayo, G.R. No. 149036, April 2, 2002
 Larin v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 112745, October 16, 1997
 Funa v. Commission on Audit Chair, G.R. No. 192791, April 24, 2012
 Funa v. Agra, G.R. No. 191644, February 19, 2013
 Funa v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 191672, November 25, 2014
 Gaminde v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 140335, December 13, 2000
 Ifurung v. Carpio Morales, G.R. No. 232131, April 24, 2018
 Gonzales III v. Office of the President, G.R. No. 196231, September 4,
2012 and January 28, 2014

E. Executive Clemency
 Monsanto v. Factoran G.R. 78239, February 9, 1989 Torres v. Gonzales,
152 SCRA 273 (1987)
 Risos-Vidal v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 206666, January 21, 2015

F. Commander-in-Chief (W14.1)

 Fortun v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 190293, March 20, 2012

 Lagman v. Medialdea, G.R. No. 231658, July 4, 2017
 Padilla v. Congress, G.R. No. 231671, July25, 2017
 Lagman v. Pimentel III, G.R. No. 235935, February 6, 2018
 Lagman v. Medialdea, G.R. No. 243522, February 19, 2019
 Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144 (1987)
 Navales v. Abaya, G.R. No. 162318, October 25, 2004
 In Re De Villa, G.R. No. 158802, November 17, 2004
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  Garcia v. Executive Secretary, GR No. 198554, July 30, 2012

G. Emergency Powers

 David v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006

 Republic Act No. 11469 (2020)

H. Contracting and guaranteeing foreign loans

 Constantino v. Cuisia, G.R. No. 106064, October 13, 2005

I. Foreign affairs (W14.2)

 Nicolas v. Romulo, G.R. No. 175888, Feb. 11, 2009
 Comm. of Customs v. Eastern Sea Trading, 3 SCRA 351 (1961)
 Go Tek v. Deportation Board, 79 SCRA 17 (1977)

J. Legislation

K. Immunity from suit

 Beltran v. Macasiar, G.R. No. 82585, November 14, 1988

 Gloria v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119903, August 15, 2000
3. Vice President

A. Qualifications, election, term and oath

 Marcos, Jr. v. Robredo, P.E.T. Case No. 005. October 15, 2019

c. The Judicial Department (W15.1)

1. Judicial Power

2. The Supreme Court

A. Composition

B. Modes of Sitting
 People v. Gacott, G.R. No. 116049, July 13, 1995

C. Appointments and qualifications

 Kilosbayan v. Ermita, G.R, No. 177721, July 3, 2007

D. No non-judicial work for judges

 Meralco v. Pasay Trans Co., 57 Phil. 600 (1932)

E. Salary
 Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284 (1987)

F. Tenure

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G. Removal
 In Re Gonzalez, 160 SCRA 771 (1988)
 Republic of the Philippines v. Sereno, G.R. No. 237428, May 11, 2018, June
19, 2018

H. Fiscal autonomy (W15.2)

 Re: COA Opinion on Computation of Appraised Value of Properties
Purchased by Supreme Court Justices, A.M. No. 11-7-10-SC, July 31, 2012
 Re: In the Matter of Clarification of Exemption From Payment of all Court
and Sheriff’s Fees of Cooperatives Duly Registered in Accordance with
Republic Act No. 9520 otherwise known as the Philippine Cooperative
Code of 2008, A.M. No. 12-2-03-0, March 13, 2012

I. Jurisdiction
 Felipe v. Leuterio, 91 Phil. 482 (1952)
 Almora v. Dela Rosa, G.R. No. 234359, April 3, 2018

J. Deliberations
 In Re: Production of Court Records and Documents and the Attendance
of Court officials and employees as witnesses under the subpoenas of
February 10, 2012 and the various letters for the Impeachment
Prosecution Panel dated January 19 and 25, 2012, February 14, 2012

K. Voting
 Cruz v. DENR, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000

L. Requirements as to decisions

M. Petition for Review/Motion for Reconsideration

 Tichangco v. Enriquez, G.R. No. 150629, June 30, 2004
 Martinez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123547, May 21, 2001
N. Periods for deciding cases
 Re: Delays in the Sandiganbayan, A.M. No. 00-8-05-SC, November 28, 2001
 Office of the Court Administrator v. Fuentes III, A.M. No. RTJ-13-2342,
March 6, 2013
O. Presidential Electoral Tribunal
 Macalintal v. Presidential Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 191818, June 7, 2011

P. Administrative powers
i. Supervision of lower courts
 In re Demetria, A.M. No. 00-7-09-CA, March 27, 2001
 Caoibes, Jr. v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 132177, July 19, 2001
 Re: Conrado M. Vasquez, Jr., A.M. No. 08-8-11-CA, September 09, 2008
 In Re: Undated Letter of Mr. Louis C. Biraogo, Petitioner in Biraogo v.
Nograles and Limkaichong, A.M. No. 09-2- 19-SC, February 24, 2009

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 ii. Temporarily assign judges to other stations in public interest

iii. Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid miscarriage of justice

 People v. Pilotin, 65 SCRA 635 (1975)
 Mondiguing v. Abad, 68 SCRA 14 (1975)
 People v. Sola, 103 SCRA 393 (1981)

iv. Appointment of officials and employees of entire judiciary

v. Promulgate rules concerning the enforcement and protection of

constitutional rights (W16.1)
 In the Matter of the Petition for the Writ of Amparo and Habeas Data in
favor of Noriel H. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 191805 & G.R. No. 193160,
November 15, 2011
 Bautista v. Dannug-Salucon, G.R. No. 221862, January 23, 2018
 Dolot v. Paje, G.R. No. 199199, August 27, 2013
 Infant Caram v. Segui, G.R. No. 193652, August 5, 2014
 Agcaoili, Jr. v. Farinas, G.R. No. 232395, July 3, 2018 (first to third issues)
 [PODCAST] Law of Duterte Land: Are extraordinary writs still effective
in the time of Duterte?, June 2, 2020, Rappler.com
https://rappler.com/newsbreak/podcasts-videos/law-duterte-land-
are-extraordinary-writs-still-effective

vi. Promulgate Rules Concerning Pleading, Practice and Procedure

 Pimentel v. Legal Education Board, G.R. No. 230642, September 10, 2019

vii. Admission to the Practice of Law (W16.2)

 Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 166 SCRA 316 (1988)
 Baguio Market Vendors Multi-Purpose Cooperative v. Cabato-
Cortes, G.R. No. 165922, February 26, 2010 Aguirre v. Rana, Bar
Matter No. 1036, June 10, 2003
 In Re: Ong, A.M. No. SB-14-21-J, September 23, 2014
 Zoleta v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 185224, July 29, 2015
 Estipona v. Lobrigo, G.R. No. 226679, August 15, 2017

viii. Integration of the Bar

 In re: Edillon, 84 SCRA 554 (1978)
 In re: IBP Elections Bar Matter No. 491 (October 6, 1989)

ix. Legal Assistance to the Underprivileged

Q. Report on the Judiciary

3. Lower courts

A. Qualifications and appointment

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B. Tenure
 De La Llana v. Alba, 122 SCRA 291 (1982)
 Republic Act No. 11459 (2019)
 Ocampo v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. L-7910, January 18, 1955 5. The

4. Judicial and Bar Council

 Dulay v. Judicial and Bar Council, Extended Res., GR No. 202143, July 3,
2012 Citizens Adaza v. President Aquino and JBC, Res., GR. No. 202263,
July 17, 2012
 Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, GR No. 202242, April 16, 2013
 Umali v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 228628, July 25, 2017
 Jardeleza v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 213181, August 19, 2014
 Villanueva v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 211833, April 7, 2015
 Aguinaldo, v. Aquino, G.R. No. 224302, November 29, 2016 and August
8, 2017

5. Automatic release of appropriation for the judiciary

 Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133 (1992)

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