CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I

Second Semester, 2018-2019

Arellano University School of Law

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I

I. Introduction

Nature of the Constitution

 Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408 [1997]

Changing the Constitution

 Lambino v Comelec, G.R. 174153 (2006)

II. Interpreting the Constitution

Role of the Judiciary as interpreter of laws

 Marbury v Madison, 5 US 137

 Angara v Electoral Commission, 63 Phil 139 (1936).
 Maria Carolina P. Araullo, et al. v. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III,
et al. G.R. No., 209287, July 1, 2014, En Banc

Rules of Interpretation

 Francisco v House of Representatives, G.R. 160261 (Nov. 10,

2003)

Requisites of Judicial Review

o Actual case or controversy

 Mariano v Comelec, G.R. 118577

 Montesclaros vs Comelec, G.R. 152295 (2002)
 Belgica, et al. v. Exec. Sec. Paquito N. Ochoa, et al., G.R. No.
208566, 710 SCRA 1, 89, Nov. 19, 2013, En Banc
 Saturnino C. Ocampo, et al. v. Rear Admiral Ernesto C.
Enriquez, et al., G.R. No. 225973, November 8, 2016, En Banc
 James M. Imbong, et al. v. Hon. Paquito N. Ochoa, Jr., et al., GR
No. 204819, April 8, 2014,

o Facial Challenge

 Estrada v Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560 (2001)

 Imbong v Ochoa G.R. No. 204819 (2014)
  Jose Jesus M. Disini, Jr., et al. v. The Secretary of Justice, et al.,
G.R. No,. 203335, Feb. 11, 2014, En Banc

o Political Question

 Emilio A. Gonzales III v. Office of the President, etc., et

al./Wendell Bareras-Sulit v. Atty. Paquito N. Ochoa, Jr., et al.,
G.R. No. 196231/196232, January 28, 2014
 Vinuya, et al. v. The Honorable Executive Secretary Alberto G.
Romulo, et al., G.R. No. 162230, April 28. 2010, En Banc

o Moot and academic

 Gonzales v Narvasa, G.R. 140835 (2000)

 Lacson v Perez, GR 147780 (2001)
 Defunis v Odegard 416 US 312 (1974)
 (International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech
Applications, Inc. v. Greenpeace Southeast Asia (Philippines), et
al., GR No. 209271, December 8, 2015,
 David v Arroyo
 Belgica, et al. v. Exec. Sec. Paquito N. Ochoa, et al., G.R. No.
208566, 710 SCRA 1, 89, Nov. 19, 2013, En Banc


o Standing

 KMU Labor Center v Garcia, G.R. 115381 (1994)

 IBP v Zamora GR 141284 (2000)
 Tanada v Tuvera 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
 Ople v Torres 293N SCRA 141 (1998)
 Information Technology Foundation v Comelec, GR 159139
(2004)
 Kilosbayan v Guingona, 232 SCRA 110 (1994)
 Saturnino C. Ocampo, et al. v. Rear Admiral Ernesto C. Enriquez,
et al., G.R. No. 225973, November 8, 2016,
 Most Rev. Pedro D. Arigo, et al. v. Scott H. Swift, et al., G.R. No.
206510, September 16, 2014,

o Earliest Opportunity
o Need to notify Solicitor General
 Mirasol vs CA GR 128448 (2001)
o Symbolic Decisions
 Salonga v Cruz Pano 134 SCRA 438

Effects of declaration of unconstitutionality

 Serrano de Agbayani vs PNB, 38 SCRA 429 (1972)

  Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. San Roque Power
Corporation, G.R. No. 187485, October 8, 2013
 Maria Carolina P. Araullo, et al. v. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III,
et al. G.R. No., 209287, 728 SCRA 1, July 1, 2014
 Maria Carolina P. Araullo, et al. v. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III,
et al., G.R. No. 209287, February 3, 2015, En Banc [Bersamin],
Resolution of the Motion for Reconsideration)

III. The Philippines as a State

Territory
 Magallona v Ermita, G.R. 187167 (2011)
 Province of North Cotabato v GRP Peace Panel on Ancestral
Domain, 568 SCRA 402 (2008)
 Reagan v CIR, 30 SCRA 968 (1969)
 People v Gozo 53 SCRA 476

Philippine Citizenship

 Lee v Director of Lands, G.R. 128195 (2001)

 Republic v Chule Lim, GR No. 153883
 Calilung v Datumanong, GR 160869
 Republic v Nora Sagun, GR 187567 (2012)
 In Re Ching, Bar Matter 914 (1999)
 Co v HRET 199 SCRA 692
 Bengson v HRET, GR 142840
 So v RP, 513 SCRA 267 (2007)
 David v Agbay, GR 1991113, Mar 18, 2015
 Nicholas-Lewis v Comelec, GR No. 162759 (2006)
 Aznar v Comelec, GR No. 83820, (1990)
 Valles v Comelec GR No. 137000 (2000)
 Poe v COMELEC G.R. 221697 (2016)

The Doctrine of State Immunity

o Suits vs the Philippine State

 Department of Agriculture v. NLRC, 227 SCRA 693, Nov. 11,

1993
 Philippine Agila Satellite v Lichauco, G.R. No. 134887 (2006)
 Amado J. Lansang v. CA, G.R. No. 102667, Feb. 23, 2000
 Republic v. Sandoval, 220 SCRA 124, March 19, 1993
 Sayson v Singson 54 SCRA 282)
 Republic v Purisima 78 SCRA 470 (1977)
 UP v. Dizon, G.R. No. 171182, 679 SCRA 54, 23 August 2012
 Rayo v CFI, 110 SCRA 450 (1981)
 Farolan v CTA, 217 SCRA 298 (1993)
 Republic v Sandiganbayan, GR No. 85384 (1990)
  Santiago v Republic, 87 SCRA 294 (1978)
 DOTC v Sps. Abecina, GR 206484, Jan 29, 2016
 Amigable v Cuenca 43 SCRA 360 (1972)
 EPG Construction Co. v. Vigilar, 354 SCRA 566, Mar.16, 2001
 Torio v Fontanilla 85 SCRA 99 (1978)

o Suits vs Foreign States

 Arigo v Swift, G.R. 206510 (2014)

 The Holy See v Rosario, (December 17, 1994)
 USA v Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487 (1985)
 Minucher v CA, GR No. 76609 (1990)
 Rep. of Indonesia v Vinzon, GR 154705 (2003)
 DFA v NLRC, GR No. 113191 (1997)
 ATCI v Echin, GR 178551, Oct 11, 2010

o Suits against Public Officers

 Animas vs PVAO, 174 SCRA 214

 USA v Reyes, GR No. 79233 (1993)
 Shauf v CA 191 SCRA 713 (1990)

o Execution vs the State

 Nessia v Fermin, 220 SCRA 615 (1993)

 Caloocan City v Allarde, GR No. 107721 (2003)

IV. Philippine Constitutional Principles and Policies

Principles and Policies

 Pable Ocampo v HRET, GR No. 158466 (2004)

 Maquiling v COMELEC, G.R. 195649 (2013)
 Villavicencio v Lukban, 39 Phil 778 (1919)
 Agustin v Edu, 88 SCRA 195 (1979)
 Ichong v Hernandez, 101 Phil 115 (1957)
 Deutsche Bank AG Manila Branch v CIR, 704 SCRA 216 (2013)
 In RE Garcia, 2 SCRA 984
 Lagman v Zosa, 66 Phil 13 (1938)
 Estrada v Escritor AM No. P-02-1651 (2006)
 Republic v Manalo, GR 221029, Apr 4, 2018
 Bayan v Exec Secretary, GR No. 138570 (2000)
 Pamatong v Comelec GR No. 161872 (2004)
 Garcia v Drilon, 699 SCRA 352 (2013)
 PASEI v Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)
 UP BOR v CA, GR No. 134629 (1999)
 CoTeSCUP v Secretary of Education, G.R. 216930, October 2018
  University of San Agustin, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 230 SCRA 761,
774-775, March 7, 1994
 SSS Employees Assn. vs CA, 175 SCRA 686
 Oposa v Factoran, GR 101083 (1993)
 Republic v Albios, 707 SCRA 584 (2013)
 Imbong v Ochoa, 721 SCRA 146 (2014)
 Roe v Wade, 410 US 113
 Limbona v Conte Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786

V. The Exercise of Government Power

Separation of Powers and Delegation of Power

 Mamiscal v Abdullah 761 SCRA 39 (2015)

 In RE Laureta and Maravilla 148 SCRA 382
 INS v Chadha, 462 US 919 (1983)
 Arnault v Balagtas, 97 Phil 358 (1955)
 Belgica v Ochoa, Jr., 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
 Mendoza v People, 659 SCRA 681 (2011)
 NPC Drivers and Mechanical Association v Napocor, 503
SCRA 138 (2006)
 Garcia v Executive Secretary, 211 SCRA 219
 US v Tang Ho 43 Phil 1
 CoTeSCUP v Secretary of Education, G.R. 216930, October 2018
 Pelaez v Auditor General, 15 SCRA 569
 People v Judge Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90
 Sema v Comelec, G.R. 177597 (2008)
 Jose Jesus M. Disini, Jr., et al. v. The Secretary of Justice, et al., G.R.
No,. 203335, Feb. 11, 2014

VI. Structure and Powers of Government

The Legislative Branch

o Composition, Qualifications and Term of Office

 Powell v McCormack, 395 US 486

 Pobre v Defensor-Santiago, 597 SCRA 1 (2009)
 Aquino III v Comelec, 617 SCRA 623 (2010)
 Alaba v Comelec, 611 SCRA 147 (2010)
 Naval v Comelec, 729 SCRA 299 (2014)
 Bagabuyo v Comelec, 573 SCRA 290 (2008)
 Reyes v Comelec, 699 SCRA 522 (2013) and 708 SCRA 197 (2013
 Banat v Comelec, GR 179271 (2009)
 Ang Ladlad v Comelec, GR 190582 (2010)
 Walden Bello v Comelec GR 191998 (2010)
 Atong Paglaum v Comelec, GR 203766
 Coalition of Asso. of Senior Citizens in the Phil. v Comelec, 201
SCRA 786 (2013)
 Lico v Comelec, GR 205505, Sep 29, 2015
 Abang Lingkod v Comelec, 708 SCRA 133 (2013)
 Akbayan v HRET, 612 SCRA 375 (2010)
 Aquino v Comelec, 248 SCRA 400 (1995)
 Daryl Grace J. Abayon v. The Honorable House of Representatives
Electoral Tribunal, et al., G.R. Nos. 189466 and 189506, 612 SCRA
375, 11 February 2010

o Organization and Discipline

 Santiago v Guingona, G.R. 134577, (1998)

 Avelino v Cuenco, 83 Phil 17 (1949)
 Alejandrino v Quezon, 46 Phil 83 (1924)
 De Venecia v SB, G.R. No. 130240 (2002)
 Pobre v Defensor-Santiago, 597 SCRA 1 (2009)

o Privileges, Inhibitions and Disqualifications

 Philconsa v Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)

 Ligot v Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)
 People v Jalosjos, G.R. NO. 132875
 Adaza v Pacana, 135 SCRA 431 (1985)
 Puyat v De Guzman 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
 Liban v Gordon, 593 SCRA 68 (2009) and 639 SCRA 709 (2011)

o Powers and LImitations on Powers

 Makalintal v Comelec, GR 157013, Jul 10, 2003

 Abakada group Party List v Purisima, GR 166715, Aug 14, 2008
 Bengzon v Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767
 Arnault v Nazareno, G.R. L-3820
 PHILCOMSAT Holdings Corporation v. Senate, G.R. No. 180308,
June 19, 2012
 Neri v Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers (549
SCRA 77 AND 564 SCRA 152
 Balag, v Senate, G.R. No. G.R. No. 234608, July 03, 2018
 Senate v Ermita, G.R. 169777 (2006)
 Belgica (G.R. 208566, 2013)
 Araullo v Abad (G.R. 209287)
 Lawyers against Monopoly and Poverty [LAMP] v. The Secretary
of Budget and Management, G.R. No. 164987, Apr. 24, 2012,
 Arnault v Balagtas, 97 Phil 358
 Imbong v Ochoa, 721 SCRA 146 (2014)
 Tanada v Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)

 o Non Legislative Powers and Special Bodies

 Abbas v SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)

 Bondoc v Pineda, 201 SCRA 732
 Codilla v De Venecia, G.R. 150605 (2002)
 Cunanan v Tan 5 SCRA 1 (1962)
 Velasco v Belmonte, G.R. 211140 (2016)
 Ty-Delgado v HRET G.R. 219603 (2016)

The Executive Branch

o The President

 Republic v Sandiganbayan, GR 152154 (2003)

 Estrada v Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738 (2001)
 Makalintal vs PET 635 SCRA 783 and 651 SCRA 239
 Pormento v Estrada, 629 SCRA 530 (2010)

Powers and Limitations

 Laurel v Garcia, GR No. 92013 (1990)

 Marcos v Manglapus, 178 SCRA 760
 Saguisag v Ochoa, G.R. 212426 (2016)
 Funa v Ermita, 612 SCRA 308 (2010)
 Funa v Agra, 691 SCRA 196 (2013
 De Castro v JBC, 615 SCRA 666 (2010)
 Velicaria-Garafil v O.P. GR 203372, Jun 16, 2015
 Manalo v Sistosa, GR 107369 (1999)
 Hontiveros-Baraquel v Toll Regulatory Board, GR 181293, Feb 23,
2015
 Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon Strait,
et al. v. Secretary Angelo Reyes, et al., G.R. No. 180771, April 21,
2015
 Kulayan v Tan, 675 SCRA 482 (2012)
 Ampatuan v Puno, 651 SCRA 228 (2011)
 Fortun v Macapagal-Arroyo 668 SCRA 504 (2012)
 Lagman v Medialdea, GR 231658, Jul 4, 2017
 Monsanto v Factoran, Jr., 170 SCRA 190 (1989)
 Risos-Vidal v Comelec, 747 SCRA 210 (2015)
 Saguisag v Ochoa, Jr. GR 212426 and 212444, Jan 12, 2016
 Bayan v Executive Secretary, GR 138570, Oct 10, 2000
 Biraogo v Philippine Truth Commission, GR 192935 (2010)

The Judiciary

o Appointments to the Judiciary

  Chavez v JBC, 676 SCRA 579 (2012 and 696 SCRA 496 (2013)
 Jardeleza v Sereno, 733 SCRA 279 (2014) and Resolution, GR
213181, Jan 21, 2015
 Villanueva v JBC, GR 211833, Apr 7, 2015

o Judicial Independence

 Re: COA Opinion on the Appraised Value of the Properties

Purchased for the retired Chief/Associate Justices of SC, 678
SCRA 1 (2012)
 Re: Request for Guidance/Clarification on Section 7, Rule 111, RA
10154 requiring government employees to secure a clearance of
pendency/non-pendency of cases from CSC, 706 SCRA 502 (2013)
 Re: Save the SC Judicial Independence and Fiscal Autonomy
Movement v Abolition of Judiciary development Fund (JDF) and
Reduction of Fiscal Autonomy UDK-15143, Jan 21, 2015
 Re: Petition for recognition of the exemption of the GSIS from
payment of legal fees, 612 SCRA 193 (2010)

Constitutional Commissions and Constitutional Creations

o Common Provisions

 Cayetano v Monsod, GR 100113 (1991)

 Gaminde v COA, GR No. 140335 (2000)
 Brillantes v Yorac, GR No. 93867 (1990)
 CSC v DBM, GR 158791
 Funa v Duque 742 SCRA 166 (2014)

o The COMELEC

 Sarmiento v COMELEC, 212 SCRA 307

 Ambil v Comelec GR No. 143398
 Brillantes v Comelec, GR 163193 (2004)
 Sandoval v Comelec, GR 133842
 Al Haj v Comelec, GR No. 151046

o The Civil Service Commission

 General v Roco, GR No. 143366 (2001)

 CSC v Salas, GR 123708
 Office of the Ombudsman vs CSC, GR No. 159940 (2005)
 Vistan v Nicolas 201 SCRA 524
 Domingo v Zamora, GR 142283 (2003)
 OP v Buenaobra, GR 170021 (2006)
 Capablanca v CSC, GR 179370, Nov 19, 2009
o The COA

 DBP v COA, 231 SCRA 202

 Bustamante v COA, 216 SCRA 164
 DBP v COA, GR No. 88435 (2002)

o Sandiganbayan

 PD 1606
 Nunez v Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433

o Ombudsman

 Roxas v Vasquez, GR No 114944

 People v Velez, GR No. 138093
 Ledesma v CA GR No. 161629
 Ombudsman v Madriaga, GR No. 164316
 Caoibes v Ombudsman, GR 132177, Jul 19, 2001

o Office of the Special Prosecutor

 Zaldiva v SB, 160 SCRA 843

 Orap v Sandiganbayan, 139 SCRA 252

o National Commissions

 Carino v CHR, GR 96681

 Canonizado v Aguirre, GR No. 133132 (2000)