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Naval Architecture 1
Hull Form
1
•A ship's hull is a very complicated 3 dimensional
shape.
•The ship's hull form is represented graphically by a
lines drawing.
•The lines drawing consist of projections of the
intersection of the hull with a series of planes.
•Planes in one dimension will be perpendicular to
planes in the other two dimensions.
•these series of p planes are p
projected
j to represent
p views
from the front, top, or side of the ship.
•This three separate projections, or views, called the
Body Plan, the Half-Breadth Plan, and the Sheer plan,
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The Half-Breadth Plan
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The Body Plan
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Example 2: Lines plan
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Example 3: Lines plan
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Table of Offsets
z To calculate geometric characteristics of the hull using
numerical techniques, the information on the lines plan
drawing is converted to a numerical representation in a
table called the table of offsets.
z It is a digital description of the entire hull (hull form
representation in coordination form)
z The table of offsets lists the distance from the center plane
to the outline of the hull at each station and waterline. This
di t
distance is
i called
ll d the
th “offset”
“ ff t” or “h
“half-breadth
lf b dth di distance”.
t ” BBy
convention this is the “y” direction.
z It is needed during the calculation of geometric properties of
the hull such as sectional area, waterplane area,
submerged volume and the longitudinal center of flotation.
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Example 2: Table of Offsets
T A B L E O F O F F S E T S (H A L F B R E A D T H) i n m e t r e s
4.0 4.80 1.12 2.47 3.42 3.47 3.51 3.61 3.70 3.79
6.0 7.20 0.20 1.38 2.57 3.42 3.46 3.51 3.60 3.69 3.78
8.0 9.60 0.53 1.59 2.65 3.42 3.46 3.51 3.60 3.68 3.77
10.0 12.00 0.79 1.75 2.70 3.42 3.46 3.50 3.59 3.68 3.76
12.0 14.40 0.88 1.76 2.65 3.41 3.46 3.50 3.58 3.67 3.75
BP 15.40 0.00 0.86 1.72 2.59 3.41 3.45 3.49 3.58 3.66 3.75
14.0 16.80 0.00 0.83 1.66 2.49 3.40 3.44 3.49 3.57 3.66 3.74
15.0 18.00 0.00 0.79 1.59 2.38 3.18 3.44 3.48 3.57 3.65 3.74
16.0 19.20 0.00 0.76 1.51 2.27 3.02 3.43 3.47 3.56 3.64 3.73
17.0 20.40 0.00 0.71 1.43 2.14 2.85 3.41 3.45 3.54 3.63 3.72 3.80 3.80
18.0 21.60 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67 3.37 3.42 3.51 3.61 3.71 3.80 3.80
19.0 22.80 0.00 0.62 1.24 1.86 2.48 3.10 3.36 3.47 3.58 3.69 3.80 3.80
20 0
20.0 24 00
24.00 0 00
0.00 0 55
0.55 1 10
1.10 1 66
1.66 2 21
2.21 2 76
2.76 3 25
3.25 3 38
3.38 3 52
3.52 3 66
3.66 3 80
3.80 3 80
3.80
Station Name and D
21.0 25.20 0.00 0.48 0.95 1.43 1.90 2.38 2.85 3.21 3.40 3.59 3.78 3.80
22.0 26.40 0.00 0.39 0.79 1.18 1.57 1.97 2.36 2.93 3.20 3.47 3.74 3.78
23.0 27.60 0.00 0.31 0.62 0.94 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.52 2.88 3.24 3.59 3.69
24.0 28.80 0.00 0.21 0.43 0.66 0.89 1.13 1.36 1.97 2.40 2.83 3.26 3.43
24.5 29.40 0.07 0.27 0.47 0.67 0.87 1.08 1.49 2.07 2.55 3.03 3.25
25.0 30.00 0.03 0.20 0.37 0.55 0.73 1.09 1.67 2.20 2.74 3.02
FP 30.80 0.00 0.15 0.48 1.02 1.64 2.26 2.66
26.0 31.20 0.13 0.63 1.29 1.96 2.41
26.5 31.80 0.69 1.42 2.00
27.0 32.40 0.38 1.36
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Hull Geometry
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z Moulded dimensions are often referred to; these are
taken to the inside of plating on a steel ship.
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z Base Line: A horizontal line drawn at the top of the keel
plate All vertical moulded dimensions are measured
plate.
relative to this line.
z Moulded Beam: Measured at the midship section is the
maximum moulded breadth of the ship.
z Moulded Draft: Measured from the base line to the
summer load line at the midship section.
z Moulded Depth: Measured from the base line to the heel
of the upper deck beam at the ship’s side amidships.
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z Freeboard: The difference between the depth at side
and the draught
draught. It is vertical distance from the waterline
to the upperside of the deck plating at side
z Sheer: Tendency of a deck to rise above the horizontal
in profile.
z Camber (or Round of Beam): Curvature of decks in the
transverse direction. Measured as the height of deck at
centre
t above
b th height
the h i ht off d
deckk att side.
id
z Rise of Floor (or Deadrise): The rise of the bottom shell
plating line above the base line. This rise is measured at
the line of moulded beam.
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z Last but not least, in the hull geometry definition, there
are
a e ce
certain
a coe
coefficients,
c e s, ca
called
ed as form
o coe
coefficients
ce s
z Non- dimensional
z They will later used as the values as guide to describe
the fatness of slimness of the hull, especially below the
waterline.
z 4 basic form coefficients are:
1.Block
Bl k coefficient,
ffi i t Cb.
Cb
2.Midship coefficient, Cm.
4.Prismatic coefficient, Cp
1. Block coefficient, Cb
z Gives the ratio of the volume of the underwater body (∇)
and the rectangular block bounded by length (Lpp)
(Lpp),
breadth (B), and draught (T).
z A vessel with a small Cb is referred to as ‘fine’ (fast
ships).
z Customary values for the Cb of several types of vessel:
Type Cb Form
Very fast ship 0.50 - 0.65 Fine
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1. Midship coefficient, Cm
z Ratio of the immersed midship section area (Am) to the
area off the
th rectangular
t l having
h i th the same b
breadth
dth and
d
draught of the ship.
z 0.85 fast ship, 0.99 slow ship
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1. Waterplane coefficient, Cwp
z The ratio of the area of the waterplane area to the area
of the rectangular having a length (L) and a breadth (B)
equal to the ship moulded breadth.
1. Prismatic coefficient, Cp
z The ratio of the volume of displacement to the volume of
prism
i ((equall tto th
the llength
th b
between
t perpendiculars
di l , Lpp
L
multiply with a cross- sectional area of the midship, Am
z Approximate range of values: 0.55 fine ship, 0.85 full
ship.
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SUMMARY
As groundwork, knowledge of Naval Architecture can be started with
the familiarization of types of floating objects and ships and how they are
categorized. Insightful of this part could bring better perspective in going deeper
about Naval Architecture study. At the same time terminologies and geometries
off the
th typical
t i l ship,
hi progressively
i l can b be di
digested.
t d
The completed lines plan drawing and table of offsets basically will be
the main input to proceed with the next stage. Hydrostatics calculation is one of
the earliest parts in naval architecture study, and can be determined right after
the lines plan and table of offsets are generated.
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