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SOLUTIONS
DES EXERCICES
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372 Solutions du chapitre 1
EXERCICES DU CHAPITRE 1
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Exercice 1.1
Exercice 1.2
dv
dt
(
= QE + QE − QS
1 2
)
π ⋅ D2
υ = A⋅h avec A =
4
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Solutions du chapitre 1 373
dh
= ( QE 1 + QE 2 ) − Q
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A
dt S
π ⋅d2
QS = VS ⋅ AS = 2 g ⋅ h ⋅
4
Soit :
π D 2 ⎛ dh ⎞ πd2
⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = QE1 + QE 2 − 2 gh
4 ⎝ dt ⎠ 4
2
dh 4 ⎛d⎞
= ( QE1 + QE 2 ) − ⎜ ⎟ 2 gh
dt π D2 ⎝D⎠
dh
b) Hauteur finale d’équilibre =0
dt
4 ( QE 1 + QE 2 ) 1
→ h= ⋅
π ⋅D 2
⎛d⎞
2
⎜ ⎟ 2g
⎝D⎠
2
⎡ ⎤
⎢ 4 ⋅ 5 + 6 ⋅ 10−3 ⎥
⎢ ( ) 1 ⎥ = 1,60m
h= ⋅
⎢ 3,14 ⋅ (0, 6) 2 ⎛ 0, 05 ⎞ 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ 2 ⋅ 9,81 ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 0, 6 ⎠ ⎦
4 ( 5 + 6 ) ⋅ 10 −3
2
dh ⎞ ⎛ 0, 05 ⎞
c) ⎟ = −⎜ ⎟ 2 ⋅ 9,81 ⋅ 1, 5
dt ⎠ h =1,5 m 3,14 ⋅ 0, 6 2 ⎝ 0, 6 ⎠
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
dh ⎞
⎟ = 0,00123m / s = 1, 23 ⋅10−3 m / s
dt ⎠h=1,5m
( QE1 + QE 2 ) − ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
dh 4 d
d) = 2 gh
dt π ⋅ D 2
⎝D⎠
Si QE1 = QE2 = 0, on trouve le temps pour que le niveau baisse de h0=1,5m à h1=0,5m :
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374 Solutions du chapitre 1
2 2
dh ⎛d⎞ dh ⎛d⎞
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= −⎜ ⎟ 2 gh d’où = −⎜ ⎟ 2 g dt
dt ⎝D⎠ h ⎝D⎠
2
⎛d⎞
2 g [t ]0
h1
→ 2 ⎡⎣ h ⎤⎦ = − ⎜ ⎟
1/ 2 T
h0
⎝D⎠
⎛d⎞
2
2 ⎡⎣ h11/ 2 − h01/ 2 ⎤⎦
→ 2 ⎡⎣ h 1/ 2
1 − h ⎤⎦ = − ⎜ ⎟
1/ 2
0 2g T → T = − 2
⎝D⎠ ⎛d⎞
⎜ ⎟ 2g
⎝D⎠
2 ⎡⎣0,51/ 2 − 1,51/ 2 ⎤⎦
T=− 2
= 33, 66 s
⎛ 5 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ 2 ⋅ 9,81
⎝ 60 ⎠
T = 33, 66 s
Si QE1 = 5 l/s et QE2 = 6 l/s, on trouve le temps pour que le niveau monte de h0=0,5m à
h1=1,5m :
dh 4 ( 0, 005 + 0, 006 ) ⎛ 5 ⎞
2
= −⎜ ⎟ 2 ⋅ 9,81 ⋅ h
dt π ⋅ 0, 602 ⎝ 60 ⎠
dh
dt =
0, 0389 − 0, 0308 h
T = 1830s
Exercice 1.3
Réservoir 1 :
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Solutions du chapitre 1 375
Réservoir 2 :
Exercice 1.4
dS
1- Selon l’équation de continuité : = QE − QS
dt
QE = 1000m3 / s
QS = 543 + 20 + 1 + 2 = 566m3 / s
dS
Donc : = 1000m3 / s − 566m3 / s = 434m3 / s
dt
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376 Solutions du chapitre 1
Exercice 1.5
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S
a) Temps de vidange : S = ( QP − QA ) t1 donc t1 =
QP − QA
S
b) Temps de remplissage : S = QAt2 donc t2 =
QA
S S S ⋅ QP ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
c) Durée d’un cycle : tt = t1 + t2 = + = =S⎢ + ⎥
QP − QA QA ( QP − QA ) ⋅ QA ⎣ QA QP − QA ⎦
1 ( QP − QA ) QA
d) Fréquence : f = =
tt SQ P
δf 1 2QA
e) = − . La fréquence est maximum quand cette dérivée est nulle :
δ QA S SQP
1 2QA QP
Donc : − = 0 et QA =
S SQP 2
donc QA = 0, 50l / s
⎛ Q − QP ⎞ ⋅ QP
⎜ P ⎟
=⎝ ⎠ 2 = QP = 0, 25 par seconde
2
f) De d), avec QP=1 litre/seconde, f max
S ⋅ QP 4S S
g) Pour une durée de 15 minutes entre deux démarrages, la fréquence de démarrage est
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
QP 1 1l / s ⋅ 900 s
1/15min ou 1/900s. Donc = donc S = = 225 litres .
4⋅S 900 s 4
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Solutions du chapitre 2 377
EXERCICES DU CHAPITRE 2
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Exercice 2.1
δS
Le volume S du réservoir est constant, donc = QE − Q2 = 0
δt
π D2
⇒ QE = Q2 = V2 ×
4
V1 2 P1 V 22 P2
+ + Z1 = + + Z 2 + Δ H 12
2g ρg 2g ρg
V1 = 0, P1 = 0, P2 = 0 donc :
2
V
(Z1 − Z2 ) = 2
+ Δ H 12
2g
V 22
+ Δ H 12 − 1 = 0 (1)
2g
Q2 4Q2 4
V2 = = = Q 2 = 509, 3 Q 2 (2)
A2 πd 2
π ⋅ 0, 05 2
Δ H 12 = h f ( frottem ent ) + h s ( perte sing .)
Q 22
h f ( D arcy − W eissbach ) = 0, 0827 × 0, 02 × 3 × 5
= 1 5878 Q 22
(0, 05)
( 509, 3 ⋅ Q 2 )
2 2
V
hs = K 2
= ( 2 ⋅ 0, 75 + 0, 5 ) ⋅ = 26441Q 22
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
2g 2 ⋅ 9, 81
Δ H 12 = 15878 Q 22 + 26441Q 22 = 42319 Q 22
Selon (1) : 13220, 3 Q 22 + 42319 Q 22 = 1
Q 2 = Q E = 4, 2 × 10 − 3 m 3 / s
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378 Solutions du chapitre 2
dh
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b) Équation de continuité : A = QE − Q2
dt
Bernoulli entre A et le point 2 :
H A = H 2 + pertes
pertes = hs ( coude ) + h f ( frottement )
V2 2,16 2
hs = K c = 0, 75 ⋅ = 0,178m
2g 2 ⋅ 9,81
0, 25
L = 1 + 0, 5 + = 1, 625m
2
( 4, 2 ⋅10 ) −3 2
Q2
h f = 0, 0827 fL = 0, 0827 ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅ 1, 625 ⋅ = 0,1517 m
d5 0, 055
PA VA2 P2 V22
ZA + + = Z2 + + + hs + h f
ρg 2g ρg 2g
où VA = V2 = V et P2 = 0
PA V2 V2
1, 5 + + = + hs + h f
ρg 2g 2g
PA
= hs + h f − 1, 5
ρg
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
PA = − 11, 48 kPa
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Solutions du chapitre 2 379
P1 V12 PB VB2
+ Z1 + = + ZB + + hs + h f
ρg 2g ρg 2g
V12
Où VB = V et = 0, y1 = y B , P1 = Pain = 0
2g
PB V2
Donc : 0= + + hs + h f
ρg 2g
⎛V2 ⎞
PB = − ρ g ⎜ + hs + h f ⎟
⎝ 2g ⎠
2,16 2
hs = 0, 50 ⋅ = 0,119m
2 ⋅ 9,81
( 4, 2 ⋅10 ) −3 2
⎛ 2,162 ⎞
PB = −1000 ⋅ 9,81 ⋅ ⎜ + 0,119 + 0, 070 ⎟ = −4,19kPa
⎝ 2 ⋅ 9,81 ⎠
PB = −4,19 kPa
⎧H A = H 2
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PA
ZA + = 0; donc PA = − ρ gZ A = −1000 ⋅ 9,81 ⋅ 1, 5 = −14, 72kPa
ρg
⎧ PA = −14, 72kPa
⎨
⎩ PB = 0
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380 Solutions du chapitre 2
⎛ −14, 72 − ( −11, 48 )
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Hypothèse non raisonnable car les erreurs sont excessives et PB ne peut pas être zéro.
Exercice 2.2
0,16 ∈
1) ∈/d = = 7,8 ⋅ 10−4 10 −6 < < 10−2
205 d
π D2 π ⋅ 0, 2052
A= = = 0, 033m 2
4 4
Q 0, 033m 3 / s
V= = = 1, 0m / s
A 0, 033m 2
VD 1 ⋅ 0, 205
Re = = = 1, 349 ⋅ 105
Selon l’équation (2.22) : ν 1, 52 ⋅ 10 −6
Selon (2.23a) :
⎡ ⎡ 4 ∈ 106 ⎤ ⎤
1/ 3
f = 0, 0055 ⎢1 + ⎢ 2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ + ⎥ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎣ d Re ⎦ ⎥⎦
⎡ ⎡ 4 0,16 106 ⎤ ⎤
1/ 3
f = 0, 0055 ⎢1 + ⎢ 2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ + ⎥ = 0, 0213
⎢⎣ ⎣ 205 1, 349 ⋅ 105 ⎥⎦ ⎥⎦
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Solutions du chapitre 2 381
Q2
h f = 0, 0827 ⋅ f ⋅ L ⋅
d5
( 33 ⋅10 ) −3 2
1,852
⎛ Q ⎞ 1
h f = 10, 675 L ⎜ ⎟
⎝ CHW ⎠ D 4,87
1/1,852
⎡10, 675 ⋅1000 ⋅ 0, 0331,852 ⎤
CHW =⎢ ⎥ = 129,5
⎣ 5,30 ⋅ 0, 2054,87 ⎦
CHW = 129,5
Exercice 2.3
V2
hs = K avec K = 0, 50 ( figure 2.9)
2g
Q2 L V2
Selon Darcy-Weissbach (2.21) : h f = 0, 0827 ⋅ f ⋅ L = f⋅
D5 D 2g
(N.B. : la seconde forme de 2.21 est obtenue en utilisant Q=AV=(πD2/4)V, avec les valeurs
numériques de π et de g).
ε 0,12 ε
e = 0,12mm → = = 2.10 −4 10 −6 < < 10−2
D 600 D
Selon le tableau 2.1, ν = 1,142 x 10-6m2/s.
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382 Solutions du chapitre 2
VB2 V2 ⎡ ⎛ L V2 4 ε 106 υ ⎞ ⎤
1/ 3
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PB
H1 = Z B + + +K + 0, 0055 ⎢1 + ⎜ 2 ⋅ 10 + ⎟ ⎥
ρ g 2g 2g D 2g ⎣⎢ ⎝ D V ⋅ d ⎠ ⎦⎥
→ 20 = 18 + ⎢1 + 0, 50 + ⋅ 0, 0055 ⎢1 + ⎜ 2 ⋅ 10 ⋅ + ⎟ ⎥⎥
2 ⋅ 9,81 ⎢ 0, 6 ⎣⎢ ⎝ 600 V ⋅ 0, 6 ⎠ ⎦⎥ ⎥⎦
⎣
V2 ⎡ ⎛ 1, 90 ⎞ ⎤
1/ 3
D2 0, 6 2
Q = V ⋅π = 0,856 ⋅ 3,14 ⋅ = 0, 242 m 3 / s
4 4
Q = 0, 242 m3 / s
Exercice 2.4
∈ 0,1
= = 3,3 ⋅10−4
D 300
D’après le tableau 2.1, ν = 10-6 m2/s à 20oC.
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
V ⋅D 4⋅Q 4 ⋅1
Re = = = = 4, 24 ⋅106
υ π ⋅ D ⋅υ π ⋅ 0,3 ⋅10−6
Bernoulli entre le début de la conduite et la turbine (avec K=0,04 pour prise d’eau
arrondie) :
Q2 Q2
H T = 60 − 0, 0827 4 (1 + 0, 04 ) − 0, 0827 f ⋅ L ⋅ 5
D D
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Solutions du chapitre 2 383
Exercice 2.5
1,852
⎡ 3,59 ⎤ Q1,852
D’après Hazen-Williams (2.40) : hf = L ⎢ ⎥
⎣ CHW ⎦ D 4,87
Choisissant (tableau 2.3) : CHW = 100
1/ 4,87
DAB
⎡
⎡
= ⎢1000 ⎢
3,59 ⎤
1,852
⋅
( 40 ⋅ 10 ) ⎥
−3 1,852 ⎤
= 0, 273m
⎢ ⎣ 100 ⎦⎥ 3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
DAB = 0, 273m
1/ 4,87
⎡ ( 30 ⋅10−3 ) ⎤
1,852
1,852
⎛ 3,59 ⎞
= ⎢1000 ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ ⎥ = 0, 245m
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
DBC
⎢ ⎝ 100 ⎠ 3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
DBC = 0, 245m
1/ 4,87
⎡ ( 20 ⋅10−3 ) ⎤
1,852
⎛ 3,59 ⎞
DCD = ⎢1000 ⎜ ⎟1,852 ⎥ = 0, 21m
⎢ ⎝ 100 ⎠ 3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
DCD = 0, 21 m
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384 Solutions du chapitre 2
1/ 4,87
⎡ (10 ⋅10−3 ) ⎤
1,852
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1,852
⎛ 3,59 ⎞
DDE = ⎢1000 ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ ⎥ = 0,161m
⎢ ⎝ 100 ⎠ 3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
DDE = 0,161m
Exercice 2.6
Le long de la conduite :
2
V
H 1 + H P − h f − hs − = Z2
2g
2
V
Donc en considérant comme une perte singulière hs où k = 1
2g
H P = Z 2 − H 1 + h f + hs = 30m − 20 m + h f + hs = 10m + h f + hs
La perte par frottement hf est donnée par l’équation 2.26 avec L = 7(30m) = 210m :
1,852
⎛ 0, 025 ⎞ 1
h f = 10, 675 ⋅ 210m ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ = 3, 027 m
⎝ 130 ⎠ 0,154,87
Les pertes singulières sont dues aux 6 coudes et à la prise d’eau, selon l’équation 2.31 :
0, 025m3 / s
V =Q/ A= = 1, 4147 m / s
⎛ π ⋅ 0,152 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
1, 4147 2
hs = ( 6 ⋅ 0, 75 + 0, 04 + 1) ⋅ = 0,565m
2 ⋅ 9,81
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Solutions du chapitre 2 385
Exercice 2.7
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(Q / 2)
1,852 1,852 1,852
⎡ 3,59 ⎤ ⎡ 3,59 ⎤ Q1,852
h f1 = L ⎢ ⎥ ⋅ = héq = Léq ⎢ ⎥ ⋅
⎣ CHw ⎦ d 4,87 ⎣ CHw ⎦ Déq4,87
(Q / 2)
1,852
Q1,852
⇒ = 4,87
d 4,87 Déq
1/ 4,87
⇒ Déq4,87 = 21,852 ⋅ d 4,87 ⇒ Déq = ⎡⎣ 21,852 ⋅ 0, 614,87 ⎤⎦ = 0, 794m
Déq = 0, 794m
Exercice 2.8
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 150l / s
h f1 = h f 2 = h f 3
D’après Hazen-Williams (2.40) :
⎧ Q1,852 ( Q − Q1 − Q3 )1,852
⎪ 14,87 =
⎪D D24,87
⇒⎨ 1
1,852
⎪ Q1 Q31,852
=
⎪ D 4,87 D 4,87
⎩ 1 3
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386 Solutions du chapitre 2
1,852
⎛ ⎛ D3 ⎞
4,87 /1,852
⎞
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⎜ Q − Q1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ Q1 ⎟
Q11,852 ⎜ ⎝ D1 ⎠ ⎟
⇒ 4,87 = ⎝ ⎠
4,87
D1 D2
( 0,15 − Q1 − 0,592 ⋅ Q1 )
1,852 4,87
Q11,852 ⎛ 0,305 ⎞
( 0,15 − 1,592Q1 )
1,852
⇒ 4,87
= ⇒Q 1,852
1 =⎜ ⎟
0,305 0, 2054,87 ⎝ 0, 205 ⎠
Q1 = 77, 2 l / s
Q2 = 27, 2 l / s
Q3 = 45, 6 l / s
Exercice 2.9
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
L’équation de Hazen-Williams est utilisée pour calculer les pertes par frottement.
h f2 = h f3 = h f4 = heq1
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Solutions du chapitre 2 387
⎧
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⎪
⎪Q = Q2 + Q3 + Q4
⎪ 4,87 /1,852
⎡ ⎛ D ⎞ 4,87 /1,852 ⎛ D ⎞ 4,87 /1,852 ⎤
⎪ ⎛ D2 ⎞
⎨Q2 = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ Q3 ⇒ Q = ⎢1 + ⎜ 2 ⎟ +⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎥ Q3
⎪ ⎝ D3 ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎝ D3 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
D ⎥⎦
⎪ 4,87 /1,852
⎪Q = ⎛ D4 ⎞ ⋅ Q3
⎪ 4 ⎜⎝ D3 ⎟⎠
⎩
1,852
D34,87 ⎡ ⎛ D2 ⎞ ⎤
4,87 /1,852 4,87 /1,852
⎛ D4 ⎞
⇒D 4,87
eq1 = 1,852 ⋅ ⎢1 + ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⋅ Q31,852
Q3 ⎢⎣ ⎝ D3 ⎠ ⎝ D3 ⎠ ⎥⎦
1,852 / 4,87
⎡ ⎛ D ⎞ 4,87 /1,852 ⎛ D ⎞ 4,87 /1,852 ⎤
⇒ Deq1 = D3 ⎢1 + ⎜ 2 ⎟ +⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ 3 ⎠
D ⎝ D3 ⎠ ⎥⎦
1,852 / 4,87
⎡ ⎛ 0,305 ⎞4,87 /1,852 ⎛ 0, 250 ⎞ 4,87 /1,852 ⎤
⇒ Deq1 = 0, 205 ⎢1 + ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎝ 0, 205 ⎠ ⎝ 0, 205 ⎠ ⎦⎥
h f1 + hleq1 + h f5 = heq
L1 Leq1 Ls L
⇒ 4,87
+ 4,87 + 4,87 = 4,87
D1 Deq1 D5 Deq
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1/ 4,87
⎡ ⎤
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⎢ ⎥
⇒ Deq = ⎢ ⎥
L
⎢ L1 Leq1 L5 ⎥
⎢ 4,87 + 4,87 + 4,87 ⎥
⎣⎢ D1 Deq1 D5 ⎦⎥
où L1 = L5 et D1 = D5
1/ 4,87
⎡ ⎤
⎢ 3500 ⎥
⇒ Deq = ⎢ ⎥ = 0, 486m
⎢2⋅ 1000 1500 ⎥
+
⎢⎣ 0,514,87
0, 4624,87 ⎥⎦
Deq = 486mm
Exercice 2.10
Q3 = Q2 + Q1 et Q4 = Q3
h1 = Z1 − PI* = 60 − 35 = 25 m D1 = 90cm
h2 = Z 2 − P = 40 − 35 = 5m
I
*
D2 = 60cm
h3 = PI* − Z 3 = 35 − 20 = 15 m
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
h1 25
j1 = = = 0, 0025 D1 = 90cm
L1 10000
h2 5
j2 = = = 0, 0005
L2 10000
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Solutions du chapitre 2 389
1/1,852
⎡ ⎤
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⎢ 4,87
⎥ ⎧Q1 = 831 l / s
⎢ hD ⎥ ⎨
Q=⎢ 1,852 ⎥ ⎩Q2 = 120 l / s
⎢ L ⎛ 3,59 ⎞ ⎥ Q1 + Q2 = 951l / s
⎢⎣ ⎜⎝ CHW ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
1,852
⎛ 3,59 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
h f = L3 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ Q31,852 ⋅ ⎜ 4,87 + 4,87 ⎟
⎝ CHW ⎠ ⎝ D3 D4 ⎠
2
⎡ ⎛ 0,9 ⎞ 2 ⎤ Q32 ⎛ 3,59 ⎞
1,852
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
h3 = 15m = 0, 0827 ⎢1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⋅ 4
+ 5000 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ ⎢ 4,87 + 4,87 ⎥ ⋅ Q3
1,852
h1
h1 = 60 − 33 = 27m → j1 = = 27 /10000 = 0, 0027
L1
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
h2
h2 = 40 − 33 = 7m → j2 = = 7 /10000 = 0, 0007
L2
h3 = 33 − 20 = 13m
⎧Q1 = 875 l / s
⎨
Hazen-Williams ⎩Q2 = 145 l / s
Q1 + Q2 = 1020l / s
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390 Solutions du chapitre 2
⇒ Q3 = 659 l / s
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Q3 < Q1 + Q2
h1 = 60 − 37 = 23m → Q1 = 792 l / s
h2 = 3 m → Q2 = 100 l / s
h3 = 17 m → Q3 = 761 l / s
Q1 + Q2 = 892l / s
Q3 < Q1 + Q2
Essayons PI = 45 m
*
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
1,5
h1 = 60 − 45 = 15m → j1 = → Q1 = 650 l / s
1000
0,5
h2 = 45 − 40 = 5m → j2 = → Q2 = 122 l / s
1000
h3 = 45 − 20 = 25m → Q3 = 937,8 l / s
Q2 + Q3 = 1060l / s
Q1 < Q2 + Q3
Avec PI = 42 m
*
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
h1 = 60 − 42 = 18m → Q1 = 700 l / s ⎫
⎪
h2 = 42 − 40 = 2m → Q2 = 70 l / s ⎬ Q1 < Q2 + Q3
h3 = 42 − 20 = 22m → Q3 = 875 l / s ⎪⎭
Avec PI = 40,5 m
*
h1 = 19,5m → Q1 = 750 l / s ⎫
⎪
h2 = 0,5m → Q2 = 35 l / s ⎬ Q1 < Q2 + Q3
h3 = 20,5m → Q3 = 842 l / s ⎪⎭
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Solutions du chapitre 2 391
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Q1 = 750 l / s
Le calcul converge et on obtient finalement : Q2 = 35 l / s
Q3 = 715 l / s
Exercice 2.11
Conduite 4-3 :
Conduite 3-1 :
1,852
⎛ 6 ⎞ 1
h f 31 = 10, 675 ⋅ 100m ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ = 1, 258m
⎝ 100 ⎠ 1, 37 4,87
Niveau au point 1 : H1 = H3 + 1,258m = 30,32m
Il y a donc mise en charge au point 1, mais pas d’inondation.
Conduite 3-2 :
1,852
⎛ 4 ⎞ 1
h f 32 = 10, 675 ⋅ 100m ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ = 4, 239m
⎝ 100 ⎠ 0, 9154,87
Niveau au point 2 : H2 = H3 + 4,239m = 33,30m
Il y a mise en charge et inondation au point 2.
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392 Solutions du chapitre 2
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4 3 1
34
33
Ligne
32
piézométrique
31
Élévation (m)
Cours d’eau
30
29
28
27
26
25 100m
es
24 500 m ètr
4 3 2
34
33
32
31
Cours d’eau
30
Élévation (m)
29
28
27
26
25
s 100m
500 m ètre
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24
Exercice 2.12
dS π D 2 dh
1) Équation de continuité : = = Qe − Qs (a)
dt 4 dt
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Solutions du chapitre 2 393
P1 V12 P V2 L V2
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Z1 + + = Z2 + 2 + 2 + f t
ρ g 2g ρ g 2g d 2g
Vs2 ⎛ Lt ⎞
h + Hr = ⎜1 + f ⎟
2g ⎝ d ⎠
1/ 2
⎡ ⎤
⎢ (h + Hr ) ⎥
Vs = ⎢ 2 g
L ⎥
et
⎢ 1+ f t ⎥
⎣ d ⎦
πd2
3) La section de la conduite en 2 est As = . Par ailleurs Qs = VsAs. Donc):
4
1/ 2
⎡ ⎤
π d 2 ⎢ 2g ( h + Hr ) ⎥
Qs = AsVs = ⋅⎢ ⎥
4 ⎢ 1 + f Lt ⎥
⎣ d ⎦
1/ 2
dS πd2 ⎡ 2g ( h + Hr ) ⎤
4) =− ⎢ ⎥
dt 4 ⎣1 + f ( Lt / d ) ⎦
π D2
En posant dS = dh , on obtient :
4
1/ 2
dh ⎛d⎞
2
⎡ 2g ( h + Hr ) ⎤
= −⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎢ ⎥
dt ⎝D⎠ ⎣1 + f ( Lt / d ) ⎦
5) On pose H = h + Hr, . Avec dH = dh :
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
1/ 2
dH ⎛d⎞
2
⎡ 2 gH ⎤
= −⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎢ ⎥
dt ⎝D⎠ ⎣1 + f ( Lt / d ) ⎦
1/ 2
dH ⎛d⎞
2
⎡ 2g ⎤
6) = −⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎢ ⎥ dt
⎣1 + f ( Lt / d ) ⎦
1/ 2
H ⎝D⎠
1/ 2
dH ⎛d⎞
2
⎡ 2g ⎤
∫ H 1/ 2 = − ⎜⎝ D ⎟⎠ ⋅⎢ ⎥ ⋅ tvidange
⎣1 + f ( Lt / d ) ⎦
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394 Solutions du chapitre 2
1/ 2
⎛d⎞ ⎡ ⎤
2
( ) 2g
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2⋅ h0 + H r − H r = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎢ ⎥ ⋅ tvidange
⎝ D ⎠ ⎣1 + f ( Lt / d ) ⎦
Donc :
⎛ D ⎞ ⎡1 + f ( Lt / d ) ⎤
2 1/ 2
tvidange = 2⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎢
⎝d⎠ ⎣ g
⎥
⎦
⋅ ( h0 + H r − H r )
(j)
tvidange = 2 ⋅⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎢
⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎣ 9,81
⎥ ⋅
⎦
( 7+9 − 9 )
tvidange = 14975s ou 4,16h
8) Si hf = 0,
2 1/ 2
tvidange
⎛ 100 ⎞ ⎡ 1 ⎤
= 2 ⋅⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎥
⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎣ 9,81 ⎦
⋅ ( )
7 + 9 − 9 = 4515s ou 1, 25h
9) Si Qe et Qs sont constants :
4
dh = ( Qe − Qs ) dt
π D2
En intégrant :
T
⎡ 4 ⎤ 4
r
[ h]h =⎢ ( − ) , soit Δh = ( Qe − Qs ) Tr
h1
Q Q t ⎥
⎣π D π D2
2 e s
0
⎦0
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
D’où :
Δh ⋅ π ⋅ D 2
Tr =
4 ⋅ ( Qe − Qs )
7 ⋅ π ⋅1002
Tr = = 13744 s ou 3,82h
4 ⋅ ( 5 − 1)
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Solutions du chapitre 3 395
EXERCICES DU CHAPITRE 3
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Exercice 3.1
D’après (3.6) ns =2500· 0,0500,5 / 250,75 = 50
D’après la figure 3.9, il faut une pompe à aspiration double
D’après la figure 3.10, le rendement est de 78%
Exercice 3.2
D’après (3.6) ns = 1500 · 0,600,5 / 8,00,75 = 244
D’après la figure 3.9, il faut une pompe axiale
D’après la figure 3.10, le rendement est de 79%
Exercice 3.3
Exercice 3.4
Pertes : hf (frottement, équation 2.40)
1,852
⎡ 3,59 ⎤ Q1,852
hf = L ⎢ ⎥ 4,87
⎣ CHw ⎦ D
1,852
⎛ 3,59 ⎞ 1
h f = 6000 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ ⋅ Q1,852 = 6797 ⋅ Q1,852
⎝ 70 ⎠ 0,3154.87
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396 Solutions du chapitre 3
50
40
30 h
h
20 Hp
10
0
0 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06
Q
25
20
15 h
h
10 Hp
5
0
0 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06
Q
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Solutions du chapitre 3 397
Exercice 3.5
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Exercice 3.6
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398 Solutions du chapitre 3
25
CCC
20 CCP
CCPE
15
H (m)
10
0
0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2
Q (m3/s)
9,81.Q.H
P=
η
La courbe de rendement de la pompe nous indique que pour Q = 50 l/s
η = 0,82 = 82%
Exercice 3.7
Négligeant les pertes singulières :
1,852
⎛ 3, 59 ⎞ Q1,852
Selon (2.40) : h f = 6000 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ = 158, 57 ⋅ Q1,852
⎝ 150 ⎠
4,87
0, 51
Pompes en série : Q1 = Q2 = Q, Htot = H1 + H2
Q(l/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
H (m) 28 28,03 28,11 28,24 28,41 28,62 28,87 29,15 29,47 29,83 30,23
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Solutions du chapitre 3 399
Q(l/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
H (m) 46 43,5 40 38 35 32 28 22 16
50
45 CCP
40 CCC
35 CCPE
30
H (m)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Q (litres/seconde)
Exercice 3.8
⎣ CHw ⎦ D1 ⎣ CHw ⎦ D2
1/1,852
⎛ 10 ⎞
Q=⎜ ⎟ = 0,145m3 / s
⎝ 358, 66 ⎠
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400 Solutions du chapitre 3
H P = −H + hf 1 + hf 2
1,852 1,852
⎡ 3,59 ⎤ Q1,852 ⎡ 3,59 ⎤ Q1,852
H P = −10 + L2 ⎢ ⎥ + L1⎢ ⎥
⎣ CHw ⎦ D24,87 ⎣ CHw ⎦ D14,87
⎡ ⎡ 3,59 ⎤
1,852
1 ⎡ 3,59 ⎤
1,852
1 ⎤ 1,852
H P = −10 + ⎢350 ⎢ ⋅ + 30 ⋅ ⎥Q
⎣⎢ ⎣ 130 ⎥⎦ 0, 2554,87 ⎢⎣ 140 ⎥⎦ 0,3054,87 ⎦⎥
1/1,852
⎡ H + 10 ⎤
Q=⎢ P ⎥
⎣ 358, 66 ⎦
35
30
25
H
20
h
15
Hp
10
5
0
0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35
Q
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
pour H = 19 m Q = 0, 26m3 / s
H P = H + hf 1 + hf 2
1,852 1,852
⎡ 3,59 ⎤ Q1,852 ⎡ 3,59 ⎤ Q1,852
H P = 10 + L1 ⎢ ⎥ + L2 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ CHw ⎦ D14,87 ⎣ CHw ⎦ D24,87
⎡ ⎡ 3,59 ⎤1,852 1 ⎡ 3,59 ⎤
1,852
1 ⎤ 1,852
H = 10 + ⎢30 ⎢ ⎥ ⋅ 4,87
+ 350 ⎢⎣ 140 ⎥⎦ ⋅ 4,87 ⎥Q
⎢⎣ ⎣ 140 ⎦ 0,305 0, 255 ⎥⎦
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Solutions du chapitre 3 401
1/1,852
⎡ H − 10 ⎤
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H P = 10 + 358, 66 Q 1,852
⇒Q=⎢ ⎥
⎣ 358, 66 ⎦
35
30
25
H
20
h
15
Hp
10
5
0
0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35
Exercice 3.9
1,852 1,852
⎡ 3,59 ⎤ Q1,852 ⎡ 3,59 ⎤ 1
1) J = L⎢ ⎥ . 4,87 = 30.103 ⎢ . .Q1,852
⎣ 140 ⎥⎦
4,87
⎣ CHW ⎦ D1 0,9
⇒ Q systeme
fonctionnement = 825 l / s
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402 Solutions du chapitre 5
EXERCICES DU CHAPITRE 5
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Exercice 5.1
2/3
B ⋅ yn ⎛ B ⋅ yn ⎞
2) Q2 = 13, 74 = ⋅⎜ ⎟ ⋅ S 1/ 2
n ⎝ B + 2 yn ⎠
2/3
5 yn ⎛ 5 yn ⎞
13, 74 = ⋅⎜ ⎟ ⋅ 0, 00051/ 2
0, 013 ⎝ 5 + 2 yn ⎠
2
⎛ 5 yn ⎞ 3
5 yn ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ − 7,99 = 0
⎝ 5 + 2 yn ⎠
Exercice 5.2
A 2 / 3 1/ 2
Q= RH S
n
D’après le tableau (5.1) :
A = ( b + yn ) yn et RH =
( b + yn ) yn
b + 2 2 yn
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Solutions du chapitre 5 403
( 6 + yn ) ⋅ yn ⋅ ⎛ ( 6 + yn ) ⋅ yn
2/3
⎞
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10 = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ 0, 0011/ 2
0, 022 ⎝ 6 + 2.8284 yn ⎠
⎛ ( 6 + yn ) y n ⎞
2/3
6,9570 = ( 6 + yn ) ⋅ yn ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 6 + 2,8284 yn ⎠
Par essais successifs : yn = 1, 092m
17,8739
⋅ (1, 4678 ) ⋅ 0, 0011/ 2 = 33, 2m3 / s
2/3
Q=
0, 022
Exercice 5.3
A = (6 + 2 y ) y et RH =
(6 + 2 y) y
6 + 2y 5
Selon l’équation (5.12) :
1 2 / 3 1/ 2
V= RH S et Q = AV
n
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404 Solutions du chapitre 5
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2 120
100
1,5
Q (m3/s)
80
V (m/s)
1 60
40
0,5
20
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
y (m ) y (m )
Exercice 5.4
yn ⋅ 2 ⋅ yn A − yn2
A = b ⋅ yn + = b ⋅ yn + yn2 d’où : b =
2 yn
Q 10m3 / s
A= = = 10m 2
V 1m / s
10 − 12
Pour yn = 1,0m b= =1 b = 9m
1
Exercice 5.5
2/3
QP = A RH S 1/ 2 avec A = ; RH = =
n 4 P 4
0, 0142 ⋅ ( 0,100 )
2
n 2Q 2 n 2Q 2
S = 2 4/3 = 2 4 4/3
= 4/3
= 0, 0114
AR π D ⎛D⎞ 3,142 ⋅ 0,3054 ⎛ 0,305 ⎞
⋅⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎜ ⎟
16 ⎝ 4 ⎠ 16 ⎝ 4 ⎠
S = 0, 0114
Conduite 75 % pleine :
yn = 0, 75 ⋅ D = 229mm
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Solutions du chapitre 5 405
QP 0,100
VP = = = 1,3687m / s
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A 0,3052
π⋅
4
V
Selon le tableau 5.3, = 1,135
VP
Donc V = 1,1325 ⋅1,3687 m / s = 1,55m / s
V = 1,55 m / s
* Conduite 30 % pleine :
yn = 0,3.D = 91,5mm
V
= 0, 776 ⋅ V = 0, 776 ⋅1,3687 m / s = 1, 0621m / s
Vp
V = 1, 06m / s
Exercice 5.6
Q 0,14
h = 0, 75 D ⇒ Tableau 5.3 ⇒ = 0,91 ⇒ Q p = = 0,154m3 / s
Qp 0,91
Qmin V
Qmin = 0, 03m3 / s ⇒ = 0,195 ⇒ tableau 5.3 ⇒ min = 0, 776
Qp Vp
ou Vmin = 0, 6m / s ⇒ V p = 0, 77 m / s
0,154 π D2
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
Qp
A= = = 0,198m 2 = ⇒ D = 0,5m
Vp 0, 77 4
⎛ ⎞
⎛ n ⋅Vp ⎞ ⎜ 2 ⎟
0, 015 ⋅ 0, 77 ⎟
S = ⎜ 2/3 ⎟ = ⎜ = 2,1 ⋅10−3
⎝ RH ⎠ ⎜ ⎛ 0,5 ⎞
2/3
⎟
⎜⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎠
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406 Solutions du chapitre 5
S = 2,1.10−3
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Qmax
= 1, 0745 donc Qmax = 0,166m3 / s
Qp
Exercice 5.7
Indices utilisés : c pour conduite à section circulaire et r pour conduite à section rectangulaire.
Qr = 2 ⋅ Qc
utilisant ( 5.13) , simplifiant par S f :
2 Ac A
× RHc
2/3
= r . RHr
2/3
nc nr
π ⋅ Dc2 π ⋅1,542 D
Ac = = = 1,8627 et RHc = = 0,385
4 4 4
Ar = b ⋅ yr = 1,54 ⋅ yr
b ⋅ yr 1,54 ⋅ yr
Selon le tableau 5.1 : RHr = =
b + 2 yr 1,54 + 2 yr
2/3
2 ⋅1,8627 1,54 ⋅ yr ⎛ 1,54 ⋅ yr ⎞
Donc ⋅ 0,3852 / 3 = ⋅⎜ ⎟
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
Exercice 5.8
Q = 5m3 / s , n = 0, 013
B = 4m
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Solutions du chapitre 5 407
Q 5m3 / s
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2
⎛ ⎞
nQ
c) D’après (5.31) Sc = ⎜ ⎟ = 0, 0028
⎜ A R23 ⎟
⎝ c Hc ⎠
Sc = 0, 0028
Exercice 5.9
La charge totale en 3 :
V32 52
E3 = y3 + = 1+ = 2, 27 m
2g 2.9,81
dE2
L’écoulement est critique en 2 si =0
dy
Q2 dE2 Q2
E2 = y2 + 2 2 et =− 2 3 =0
B y ⋅2⋅ g dy B gy2
Q2 502
y2 c = 3 = 3 = 1,366m
B2 ⋅ g 102 ⋅ 9,81
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408 Solutions du chapitre 5
yc = 1,366m
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502
E3 = E2 + Δz = 2, 27 = 1,366 + + ΔZ
102 ⋅1,3662 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 9,81
Q2 B Q2 ⋅ B Q2
Fr 2 = = =
gA3 gB 3 ⋅ y13 g ⋅ B 2 ⋅ y13
1, 274
y1 + = 2, 27 y1 = 1m
y12
502
Fr 2 = = 2,55 Fr = 1, 60 > 1
9,81 ⋅102 ⋅1, 03
Exercice 5.10
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
B1 ⋅ y1
1) En (1) : A1 = B1 ⋅ y1 et du tableau 5.1: RH 1 =
B1 + 2 ⋅ y1
Q 2 B1 Q2
D’après (5.22) : Fr 2 = =
g ⋅ A3 g ⋅ B12 ⋅ y13
2/3
1 2 / 3 1/ 2 1 ⎛ B1 y1 ⎞
Selon (5.13) Q = ARH S0 = B1 ⋅ y1 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ S01/ 2
n 2 ⎝ B1 + 2 ⋅ y1 ⎠
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Solutions du chapitre 5 409
2/3
1 ⎛ 10 y1 ⎞
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10 = ⋅10 ⋅ y1 ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ 4 ⋅ 10−4
0, 02 ⎝ 10 + 2 y1 ⎠
⎛ 10 y1 ⎞
1 = y1 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ soit 10 y12 − 2 y1 − 10 = 0 y1 = 1,1m
⎝ 10 + 2 y1 ⎠
Comme en 1,
Q2
( Fr2 )
2
= = 1 et Q 2 = g ⋅ B22 ⋅ y23
g ⋅ B22 ⋅ y23
Q2 Q2
E1 = y1 + = E2 = y 2 + = Ec
2 g ⋅ B12 ⋅ y12 2 g ⋅ B22 ⋅ y22
102
Donc Ec = 1,1m + = 1,142m
2 ⋅ 9,81 ⋅102 ⋅1,12
3 2 ⋅1,142
Selon (5.27) : Ec = ⋅ yc donc yc = = 0, 76m yc = 0, 76m
2 3
q2 Q 2 / B22 Q2
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B2 = 4,82m
B2
2) Pour B21 = = 2, 41m
2
3 1
Selon (5.27) : EC = y2 c = 1,81m
1
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410 Solutions du chapitre 5
Il faut que
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Q2 102
E11 = EC1 = y11 + = y11 + = 1,81m
2 g ( B1 ) ⋅ ( y )
1 2
2 ⋅ 9,81⋅10 ⋅ ( y )
1 2
2 2
1 1
(y )
1 3
− 1,81⋅ ( y11 ) + 0, 051 = 0
2
1
y11 = 1, 79m
Exercice 5.11
y1 = 3m ⎫ y1 + y2
⎬y= = 3,125m = valeur moyenne de y
y2 = 3, 25⎭ 2
Δy = y2 − y1 = 0, 25m y2 = y1 + Δy
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⎡ 502 ⋅15 ⎤
⎢ 1 − ⎥
9,81 ⋅ 46,875 3
Δx = ⎢ ⎥ ⋅ 0, 25 = −1012,36m
⎢1 ⋅10−5 − 0, 025 ⋅ 50
2 2
⎥
⎢⎣ 46,8752 ⋅ 2, 2054/3 ⎥⎦
Δx = 1012,36m
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Solutions du chapitre 5 411
Utilisant (5.13) :
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2/3
nQ 2/3 ⎛ B ⋅ yn ⎞
= A ⋅ RH = B ⋅ yn ⋅ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ B + 2 ⋅ yn ⎠
0,5
S
2/3
0, 025 ⋅ 50 ⎛ 15 ⋅ yn ⎞
= y n⋅⎜ ⎟ yn = 10m
1, 0 ⋅10−5 ⋅15 ⎝ 15 + 2 ⋅ yn ⎠
Selon (5.22) :
Q2 ⋅ B Q2 ⋅ B
F =1=
2
=
g ⋅ A3 g ⋅ ( B ⋅ yc )
r 3
1/ 3 1/ 3
⎛ Q2 ⎞ ⎛ 502 ⎞
yc = ⎜ 3 ⎟
=⎜ 2 ⎟
= 1, 04m yc = 1, 04m
⎝ g⋅B ⎠ ⎝ 9,81⋅15 ⎠
Exercice 5.12
Géométrie du fond du canal :
Z2 = 25m
Zj = Z2 + S2 x L2 = 25 + 0,001 x 1500 = 26,5m
Z1 = Xj + S1 x L1 = 26,5 + 0,005 x 300 = 28,0m
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
Valeurs connues :
yc = y1 = 2, 0m
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412 Solutions du chapitre 5
1/ 3
⎡ q2 ⎤
( ) ( )
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3 1/ 2 1/ 2
Selon (5.25) : yc = ⎢ ⎥ d’où q = g ⋅ yc = 9,81 ⋅ 23
⎣g⎦
( )
1/ 2
Q = B ⋅ q = 9, 0 ⋅ 9,81 ⋅ 23 = 79, 73m3 / s
2/3 8/3
La figure 5.14 donne y/b en fonction de ARH / b .
De (5.13) : A = nQ / RH S ( 2/3 1/ 2
) . Donc AR 2/3
H (
/ b8 / 3 = nQ / b8 / 3 S 1/ 2 )
nQ 0, 015 ⋅ 79, 73
Dans la section 1, = = 0, 048
b 8/3
⋅S1/ 2
1
9, 08 / 3 ⋅ 0, 0051/ 2
De la figure 5.14, y/b = 0,17. Donc y N1 = 1, 53m
Donc, l’écoulement est torrentiel dans la section 1.
nQ 0, 015 ⋅ 79, 73
Dans la section 2, = = 0,108
b 8/3
⋅S 1/ 2
2
9, 08 / 3 ⋅ 0, 0011/ 2
De la figure 5.14, y/b = 0,28. Donc y N 2 = 2, 52m
Donc l’écoulement est fluvial dans la section 2.
Section 1 Section 2
lac 1
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lac 2
torrentiel
fluvial 1,5m
yc =2m
yc =2m
yN = 1,53m
1 yN = 2,52m
2
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Solutions du chapitre 5 413
Exercice 5.13
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2/3
B ⋅ yn ⎛ B ⋅ yn ⎞ 1/ 2
Ainsi : Q= ⋅⎜ ⎟ ⋅Sf
n ⎝ B + 2 ⋅ yn ⎠
(a) Supposant Sf = S0 = 0,009 et groupant les termes connus à gauche, (a) donne :
2/ 3
15 ⋅ 0,025 ⎛ 10 ⋅ yn ⎞
= yn ⋅ ⎜ ⎟
10 ⋅ 0,009 ⎝ 10 + 2 ⋅ yn ⎠
= 0,39528
Suivant la procédure pour yref connu à l’aval (au contact avec le lac), avec Δy = 0, 50m
1- y1 = yref = 4,60m, pour x = 0
2- y2 = y1 – 0,50m = 4,10m
3- ym = (y1 + y2)/2 = 4,35m
4- Am = Bym = 10m· 4,35m = 43,50m2
5- RHm = Am/B+2ym = 2,326m
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⎡ 152 ⋅ 10 ⎤
⎢ 1 − ⎥
9,81 ⋅ 43, 5 3
Δx1 = 0, 5 ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ = 55, 401m
⎢ 0, 009 − 0, 025 ⋅ 15 ⎥
2 2
⎢⎣ 43, 52 ⋅ 2, 3264/3 ⎥⎦
7- x = x + Δx = 0 + 55,401m = 55,401m
8- y2 = y1 = 4,10m
9- on recommence à l’étape 2 jusqu’à de qu’on atteigne y = yn
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414 Solutions du chapitre 5
y1 y2 ym Am RHm Δx x
4,6 4,1 4,35 43,5 18,7 55,401 55,401
4,1 3,6 3,85 38,5 17,7 55,332 110,733
3,6 3,1 3,35 33,5 16,7 55,217 165,950
3,1 2,6 2,85 28,5 15,7 55,005 220,955
2,6 2,1 2,35 23,5 14,7 54,574 275,529
2,1 1,6 1,85 18,5 13,7 53,543 329,072
1,6 1,1 1,35 13,5 12,7 50,377 379,449
1,1 0,6 0,85 8,5 11,7 34,808 414,258
La figure suivante montre la courbe de remous (Note : les valeurs des x ont été ajustées
de manière à représenter le lac à droite)
Courbe de remous
4
Y (m)
2 fond
surf.
Yo
1
lac
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0
-200 0 200 400 600
X (m)
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Solutions du chapitre 5 415
Exercice 5.14
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Conduite 4-3
0,3117
Qp = ⋅ 2, 448/ 3 ⋅ 0, 00251/ 2 = 12,94m3 / s
0, 013
Q 15, 0
= = 1,16 , donc il y a mise en charge
Q p 12,94
2 2
⎛ n ⋅Q ⎞ ⎛ 0, 013 ⋅15 ⎞
Sf = ⎜ 8/ 3 ⎟
=⎜ 8/ 3 ⎟
= 0, 003361
⎝ 0,3117 ⋅ D ⎠ ⎝ 0,3116 ⋅ 2, 44 ⎠
Conduite 3-1
0,3117
Qp = ⋅1,378/ 3 ⋅ 0, 00151/ 2 = 2,15m3 / s
0, 013
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
Q 6, 0
= = 2,8 , donc il y a mise en charge
Q p 2,15
2
⎛ 0, 013 ⋅ 6, 0 ⎞
Sf = ⎜ 8/ 3 ⎟
= 0, 0168
⎝ 0,3117 ⋅1,37 ⎠
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416 Solutions du chapitre 5
Conduite 3-2
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0,3117
Qp = ⋅ 0,9158/ 3 ⋅ 0, 0041/ 2 = 1,197m3 / s
0, 013
Q 4
= = 3,35 , donc il y a mise en charge
Q p 1,197
2
⎛ 0, 013 ⋅ 4, 0 ⎞
Sf = ⎜ 8/3 ⎟
= 0, 0447
⎝ 0,3117 ⋅ 0,915 ⎠
ΔH = 100, 0m ⋅ 0, 0447 = 4, 47 m
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Solutions du chapitre 5 417
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4 3 1
34
33
Ligne
32
piézométrique
31
Élévation (m)
Cours d’eau
30
29
28
27
26
25 100m
es
24 500 m ètr
4 3 2
34
33
32
31
Cours d’eau
30
Élévation (m)
29
28
27
26
25
s 100m
500 m ètre
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24
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418 Solutions du chapitre 5
Choix des diamètres pour éliminer les mises en charge et l’inondation. On suppose Sf = S0.
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Conduite 4-3
3/ 8
⎛ n ⋅ Qp ⎞
Dp = ⎜ ⎟ (c)
⎜ 0,3117 ⋅ S 1/ 2 ⎟
⎝ f ⎠
3/ 8
⎛ 15, 0 ⋅ 0, 013 ⎞
Dp = ⎜ 1/ 2 ⎟
= 2,58m
⎝ 0,3117 ⋅ 0, 0025 ⎠
Le diamètre disponible est D = 2,745m pour lequel Qp est :
0,3117
Qp = ⋅ 2, 7458 / 3 ⋅ 0, 00251/ 2 = 17, 71m3 / s
0, 013
Q 15, 0
= = 0,85
Q p 17, 71
À l’aide du tableau 5.3, on obtient y/D = 0,707 et donc y = 0,707· 2,745 = 1,94m
La profondeur de l’eau au point 3 dans la nouvelle conduite de diamètre 2,745m est
donc de 1,94m. L’écoulement est donc à surface libre au point 3 et il n’y a plus de mise
en charge. La conduite sera pleine à partir d’un point entre 3 et 4.
Conduite 3-1
Conduite 3-2
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Solutions du chapitre 5 419
Exercice 5.15
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L’équation de Bernoulli s’écrit entre les points 0 et 1, en négligeant les pertes de charge :
V02 V12
H0 + = y1 + = 4 + 0 = 4; donc V1 = 2 g ( 4 − y1 ) (1)
2g 2g
Q = V1 A1 = V1 By1
10 = V1 y1 × 10 (2)
1
V1 =
y1
VO2/2y
V12/2y
H O=4,0m
(0) (1)
⎛ 0,115 + y2 ⎞ 1
2
0,115 y2 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟= = 0,10194
⎝ 2 ⎠ 9,81
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420 Solutions du chapitre 6
EXERCICES DU CHAPITRE 6
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Exercice 6.1
⎝ 5 ⎠
Selon la formule de Hégley
On calcule μ par (6.17) :
5 − 3⎤ ⎡ ⎞ ⎤
2
⎡ 0, 0027 ⎛ 5 ⋅ 0, 30
μ = ⎢ 0, 405 + − 0, 03 ⋅ ⋅ ⎢1 + 0, 55 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ = 0, 448
⎣ 0, 30 5 ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎝ 3 ⋅ ( 0, 30 + 1, 0 ) ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎣
Selon l’équation (6.15) :
Exercice 6.2
Exercice 6.3
3
Formule de Francis : Q = 0.415 L 2 g H 2
ΔQ 3 ΔH
Comme = × 0.415 L 2 g
Q 2 H
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Solutions du chapitre 6 421
3 ⎛ ΔH ⎞
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Soit ΔQ
= 4.54%
Q
Exercice 6.4
0, 65 0, 65
Cq = = = 0, 433
H 1, 0
1+ 1+
Δz 2, 0
Le débit est obtenu de (6.28) :
Q = 1, 7 ⋅ Cq ⋅ L ⋅ H 3/ 2 = 1, 7 ⋅ 0, 433 ⋅ 5, 0 ⋅13/ 2 = 2,17 m3 / s
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422 Solutions du chapitre 7
EXERCICES DU CHAPITRE 7
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Exercice 7.1
P=
∑S P i i
A
A=2·2=4
Exercice 7.2
Selon (7.3) : P=
∑ AP i i
A
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Solutions du chapitre 7 423
Exercice 7.3
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P = 40mm × 2 = 80mm
( f0 − f∞ )
F ( t ) = f ∞t +
k
(1 − e )
− kt
( 40 − 25)
F ( t ) = 2 ⋅ 25 +
3
(1 − e ) = 54,8mm;
−3⋅2
soit 55mm
Exercice 7.4
1h
⎡⎣( 20 − φ ) + ( 25 − φ ) + 2 ⋅ ( 50 − φ ) + ( 75 − φ ) ⎤⎦ ⋅ = 30mm
2
Supposant 20 ≤ φ ≤ 25
( 25 − φ ) + 2 ( 50 − φ ) + ( 75 − φ ) = 30
2
Donc φ = 35mm/h
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Supposant 25 ≤ φ ≤ 50
2 ( 50 − φ ) + ( 75 − φ )
= 30
2
Donc φ = 38,33 mm/h
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424 Solutions du chapitre 7
Exercice 7.5
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ea ea
Humidité relative = 0.3 = =
ew 2 4.244
Donc ea = 1,2732 kPa
Évaporation journalière :
Avec effet du vent (7.14) E = 3,66 (2,339 - 1,2732) · (1 + 0,062 × 30)
= 11,15mm
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Solutions du chapitre 8 425
EXERCICES DU CHAPITRE 8
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Exercice 8.1
300
250
P hydrogramme
PC
ABC
débit Q (m3/s)
200 B
CD
150
100
50
D
B
0
A C
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
temps (jours)
Le point C est défini par l’intersection de la verticale PC passant par le débit de pointe,
avec le prolongement de AB.
Le point D est indiqué par une soudaine variation dans la représentation logarithmique
des débits dans la partie descendante de l’hydrogramme (voir tableau 2) : il s’agit des
valeurs du jour 9.
En calculant les pentes des lignes AC et CD, on peut obtenir les limites inférieures de la
portion de ruissellement pour la méthode ACD.
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426 Solutions du chapitre 8
Tableau 1
Tableau 2
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Solutions du chapitre 8 427
Exercice 8.2
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Scénario 1 : Tr = 15 min
Qp = 60 · (15/20)· K· C· A = 45· K· C· A
V = (45· K· C· A) · 20 = 900 KCA
Scénario 2 : Tr = tc = 20min
Qp = 50 KCA
V = 50 KCA · 20 = 1000 KCA
Exercice 8.3
Hydrogramme de crue
900
800 Hydrogr.
700 Écoul./base
600
Q (pi.cu./s)
500
400
300
200
100
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0
5 10 15 20
temps (heures)
5 po = ( 2, 75 po / h − φ ) ⋅ 2h
Donc, φ = 0,25po/h
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428 Solutions du chapitre 8
HU2 = (Q – QBase)/5
d) Temps de base : TB = 9h = Δt + tc
Où Δt est la durée de la pluie et tc est le temps de concentration.
Donc tc = TB – Δt = 9h – 2h = 7h.
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Solutions du chapitre 8 429
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Hydrogrammes unitaires
160
HU2h
140
HU8h
120
Q (pi3/s/po)
100
80
60
40
20
0
5 10 15 20 25
heures
Exercice 8.4
1- Qp = KCIA
0,0028 CIA
2228
0,0028 × 0,6 × × 50
20 + 13
5,67 m3/s
permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.
5
2- Q (5 min.) = Qp × = 1,42 m3/s
20
15
3- Q (15 min.) = Qp × = 4,25 m3/s
20
4- Q (42 min. > 2 × tc) = 0 m3/s
2228 15
5- Qp (Tr = 15 min.) = 0,0028 × 0,6 × × 50 ×
15 + 13 20
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430 Solutions du chapitre 8
Qp = 5,01 m3/s
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5
6- Q (5 min) = Qp × = 1,67 m3/s
15
10
7- Q (25 min) = Qp = 3,34 m3/s
15
8- Q (40 min) = 0
2228
9- Qp (Tr = 25 min.) = 0,0028 × 0,6 × 50 × = 4,92 m3/s
25 + 13
10- Q (20 min.) = 4,92m3/s
Exercice 8.5
Avant :
D’après (8.11)
L 3250
tc = 3, 26 ⋅ (1,1 − C ) ⋅ 0,333
= 3, 26 ⋅ (1,1 − 0, 3) ⋅ = 109, 58 min
S 2, 50,333
A = 5km2 = 500ha
Selon (8.5), Q = 0, 0028 ⋅ C ⋅ A ⋅ i = 0, 0028 ⋅ 0, 3 ⋅ 500 ⋅ 22,19 = 9, 32m / s
3
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3/ 8 3/ 8
⎛ n⋅Q ⎞ ⎛ 0, 014 ⋅ 9,32 ⎞
D=⎜ 1/ 2 ⎟
=⎜ 1/ 2 ⎟
= 1, 71m
⎝ 0.3117 ⋅ S ⎠ ⎝ 0,3117 ⋅ 0, 01 ⎠
Après :
C = 0, 3 × 0, 5 + 0, 5 × 0, 9 = 0, 6
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