03 Current Electricity

JEE-Physics
UNIT # 08
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
EXERCISE –I
1. j  Current density n  Charge density 9.
j
j = –nevd v d1 =
n1e
j n1 1
v d2 = ,   n 2  4n 1
n2e n2 4
v d1 n 4n
 2  1= 4 : 1
v d2 n1 n1
I
2. j  nev d
A
4I 16I This is balanced wheat stone bridge

 nev ...(i)  nev ' ...(ii)
d 2 d 2 From maximum power transfer theorem
Internal resistance = External resistance
From equation (i) & (ii)
4I v
  v' = 4v 
16I v 

= 
i
3. vd  As A  so vdvP > vQ 3R  6R
Ane 4 = 4 = 2R R = 2 
3R  6R
V2 V
2envA 3 10. P Initially, I 
4. i = nevdA; I   ( nevA)  nevA R 2R
4 2  2 
Power across P X=P Y=  R
L L L2 L2 L2 d  4R 
5. R   
A L AL V m 2V 4V2 2V 2
Finally, I = , Power PX  , Py  Pz 
d,  same for all as the material is same for all. 3R 9R 9R
Hence P x increases, P y decreases.
25 9 1
R1 : R2 : R3 = : : = 125 : 15 : 1 Alternative method :
1 3 5
Brightness  i2R when S is closed current drawn
L L L2 from battery increases because Req decreases. i.e.
6. R   R  L2 current in X increases. So brightness of X increases
A L V
and current in Y decreases. So brightness of Y
decreases.
7.
 i2R  S 

Req 
X 
X 

Y 
Y 
Node-6\E:\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Phy\Solution\Unit-07 & 08\03-Current Electricity.p65

Balanced Wheatstone Bridge V
2
2
11. P= I 2R =   R = R
1 1 7 36 36 85  R (R  r )2
As    So RAB= 7 
9 12 36 7 7 7  is constant and (R+ r) increases rapidly Then P
 
(R+ r) 
P
8. 10
2
30 60 2V 20 12. P = i2R 10 = i2 5  i   2 i = 2
5
2
i5 i
i4   P4    4 , P5= (i2)5
1 2 2
V = IR 2 = (I)(20)  I  A
10 P4 1 P
  P4  5 , P = 10 =2 cal/s
P5 5 5 4
5
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  676 S
13. R1  , R2  As A1 < A2 so R1 > R2 From (i) & (ii) 
A1 A2 S 625
In series H = I2Rt H  R ; H1 > H2 (676) (625) = S2  S = 650
V2 1  V   V   
In parallel H= t H ; H1 < H2
R R 22. E=    & E=   '  ' 
 3 3 / 2  2
1
14. V =  + i(r)  12.5=  + (1)  =12 V
2  E   9r 
23. Potential gradient ( 
) x=   
(As the battery is a storage battery it is getting 10r   L 
charged) According to question ()
(
)
E  E   9r  5L

        
15. The correct answer is R = 0 2 10r L 9
4V 0.8
I1 24. Potential gradient ( 

)
16. R=0.8

0.8  5   4.5 
I2 x  1.5 Vm -1
 0.5  4.5   3 
4V 0.8
3
1.6 I1 – 0.8 I2 = 4 ...(i) Here (x) (AC) =3  AC   2m
1.5
1.6 I2 – 0.8 I1 =4 ...(ii)
from eq. ( ) I1 = I2 =5 25. Potential gradient ( 
)
voltage difference across any of the battery.
 12 

1
) x=    4  2Vm
8  16 
0.2 I Effective emf of E1 and E2
Va Vb
1V (E1 E2 
)
Va –1 + 0.2 × 5 – Vb = 0
Va – Vb = 0 Volt E2 E2

r2 r1 1
E = E  volt
17. V = IR  0.2 = I (20) 1 / r1  1 / r2 2
Ig = 0.01A (through the galvanometer)
Ig G = (i – ig)S  (0.01) (20) = (10 – 0.01)S
1 1 1
 S = 0.020  Balancing length AN =      m  25cm
2 2 4
V V
18. Rv =  G  910   90
ig 10  10 3 V2 V2 A r2
26. P    V  same 
10 R  
 V = 10  No. of divisions =  100
0.1
12 27. (25W– 220V)

19. 20 + R =  R=100
0.1 V12 220 2
P1 = R , R 1  = 1936
12 1 25
20. I  0 . If i=0,
4 2 (100W–220V)
potential difference is equal of EMF of cell. = 12V
V22 220 2
 P2 = R , R 2  = 484 
2 100
P Q P S
21.    ...(i) In Series (I same)
S 625 Q 625
H=I2Rt, H  R so if R1>R2 then H1 > H2
Q P P 676
   ...(ii) R1 is likely to fuse
S 676 Q S
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V2 V2A 4V
28. P  33. Iwire = = 0.2 A
R L  ...(i) 0.4  50 
Potential difference across voltmeter,
(
2 2
V A 10V A )
P  
 L  9L  ...(ii) V = Ir – 2
 L  
10  2 sint = 0.2 × 50 x –2  2 cost = 10 V
10 2V 10
10
from eq. (i) & (ii) P   P
9 4V V x
0V (let)
 10 
 P  P
P 9  1
 100   100   100  11.11% 4V
P P 9
 V = 20  (cost) cm/s
29. In parallel combination the equivalent resistance is
less than the two individual resistance connected
1,2,3 1',2',3'
and in series combination equivalent resistance is
34. O O
more than the two individual components. 4,5,6 4',5',6'
 7,8 7',8'

Points 1, 2, 3.........8 are of same potential and
1', 2', 3'.........8' are of same potential.

)
(1, 2, 3.........8      
2 8V
3V 1 E
r
1', 2', 3'.........8' 
)
30. A B A B
 3V 3R
R eq =
2 10V 8
35. Total length of wire (
)
E 1 E 2 10  8  = 90 + 90 = 180 m ;
 
E=
r1 r2
 2 2  1 volt and Total resistance of wire (
)
1 1 1 1 = 180/5 = 12 
 
r1 r2 2 2
nE n  1.4
As I =  0.25 =  n = 4.7
r1 r2 R  nr 12  5  n  2
r= =1 . Therefore A B  Total number of cells required = 5
r1  r2  2V
(
)
31. Ans. (A)
32. Given circuit can be reduced to
 4
6 6 12
V
9 V
9 9 A B A
36. 6 6 6 6 B
9
1
A  A   B  Req=10
1
A 4V
4V
Reading of ammeter (  
)
4
=  1A
3 1
Reading of voltmeter (  
)
= 3 × 1 = 3V
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EXERCISE –II dq
5. I  2  16 t
dt
1. Free–electron density and the total current passing Power : P = I2R = (2 – 16t)2R
through wire does not depend on 'n'. 1
(
8
n Heat produced =  Pdt   (4  256 t 2  64 t)Rdt

) 0
1/8
E r  E 2 r1 2  3  1  4 2  256 t 3 64 t 2   R
2. E eq  12   =  4 t   R = joules
r1  r2 34 7  3 2   0 6
1V 3
6. It is the concept of potentiometer.
D
2
B (
)
2V 4
B i1 7. By applying node analysis at point b
3  4 12 2/7 1
req =  ; i =  A R1 R1
34 7 12 13 V V/2 V/4
2 A
a b
7
R2 R2 R2
B
0 0 0
V V V V
V  R
2 1
 2 4  2 0 1 
 1  2 R1 R1 R2 R2 2
VB > VD =2   ; VD–VB = – V
13 13 O 2R/3
From Figure 1 : R R 4
7R
2 8.  R 2R 
VB + 4i1–2–VD=0; – 2 + 4i = 0 3
13 A B R
R
6 6 11R
i = A ; VG = 3 – 3 × R AB =
13 13 18
21 6 19 R1 R 3
VG  V , VH = 1+1 × 9. For wheat stone Bridge condition is 
=V H = V R2 R4
13 13 13
R1 R 3
(
 )
   R2 R4
A   A
2 Therefore null point is independent of the battery
  4 voltage.
3. 28V
(
=  5 )
B
    B  10. V = E – ir  V = –ri + E
Slope of graph 'V' and 'i' gives 'r' intercept of graph
Req = 14  I = 2A; VAB = iR = 7 volt
y
'V' and 'i' gives E tan  =  r.
4. Both '4' and '6' resistors are short circuited x
therefore Req of the circuit in 2 is 10 A. ('V' 'i' 
'r' 
'V' 'i' 
('4'
'6' 
2  y
E 
tan  =  r .)
Req= 10 A.) x
Power () = VI = 200 watt
11. V = E + ir and in charging current flows from
Potential difference across both 'A' and 'B' = 0
positive terminal to negative terminal.
('A' 
'B' 
= 0)

(V = E + ir

)
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12. Slope of 'V' vs 'i' graph give internal resistance 50 × 10–6 × 100 = 5 × 10–3 × (R) R  1
r=5 For voltmeter Ig(R + G) = V
('V'  'i' 

r = 5  50 A (R + G) = 10V
  R + G = 200 k
Intercept gives the value of e.m.f. E = 10 volt  R  200k 
(
E 
10 volt  20 20 1 20 5
18. imin =   A

) R min 200 10
E
Maximum current is ( 
) imax =  2A 20 20 2
75
B
r imax =   Amp
R max 250 25 G
13. If n batteries are in series than the circuit can be made

nE
1
nr Potential = i minR PM =  75  7.5 V
nE E 10
as i   i.e. independent of n. 2
nr r Across potentiometer V = imaxRPM   75  6 V
25
nE E
(n 
i 
nr r 19. If e.m.f of c is greater than the e.m.f. of the 'D'
nE nr
Ir = 0

n 
) So r does not play any role of zero deflection in
galvanometer.
14.  C 
If n batteries are in parallel than the circuit can be 'D' 
made as i 
nE 
( n 
Ir = 0
r 
r 
nE
i  ) 
r
i
E r/n
n
i is directly proportional to n .
30V
15. In parallel combination current gets divided 20. 3/4 30V
therefore parallel combination supports i = i 1+ i 2
3 30V
is 20A in series current remain same therefore the 1/4
series combination supports i = 10A. 1
( 1/4

i = i1+ i2 
Both 30V are in parallel
20A  1 3
30  i  i  0  i = 30 A
4 4

i = 10A  )
16. As power in 2 is maximum when the current in it

2 1 . Assume DE  R1
is maximum. Current in it will maximum when the
EC  R2
value of Req is minimum   R = 0
R 1 + R 2=1
(
2 
V B =V E
Req 
 R=0) Means balance wheat stone bridge
Heat =i 2RT(36)(2) = 72 W
R1  1
17. For Ammeter IgG = (I – Ig) R P R 1 R 2
 ; 1
Q S 1 R
Ig
2
G
R R1  1
R2   1  R1
I – Ig R1  2
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R 1  1  R 1  2  R 12  2R 1 26.
R 12  2R 1  1  0 R1 = –1 + 2  R2  2  2
CE R 2 2  2
   2
ED R 1 2 1
Between A and B
i/3
( 9 + 0.9) × 10 × 10–3 = (I–10mA) × 0.1
B C
22. i/6
i
A i/3  990 mA = I – 10mA  I = 1000 mA = 1A

2i/3
D
27. When S2 open ( S2 
)
i/6 i/3
i/2
G i/6 F Assume resistance of AB = R
i/3
( 
i/6
H
AB = R)
i/6 E
i
Resistance of wire per unit length.
So current in FC=0 (

)
23.
R
x=
L
E
I=
12 R
 1A  Vx=1=1 × X  X=1
X Yr
Now in AC
12
When Y shorted I =
1r E R L
  6
12 R L 2
10=12 – Ir  10  12   r
1  r
E = 12V
 10+10 r = 12 + 12 – 12r
 10r =2  r = 0.2  When S2 closed
E1  E 2 E1 E R 5L 5E 5  12
24.  V1 =      5V
r1  r2  R r1  R ;(E1 + E2) (r1 + R) < E1(r1+r 2+R) R L 12 12 12
E1R + E2R + E1R < E1r2 + E1R; R(E1 + E2) < E1r2
 5
On solving we get E1r2 > E2(R + r1) 6 – I1r = 5  6    r  5  r=2 
 10 
25. If all were in series all of them would have being
getting discharged. But since, 2 are in opposite V

28. R  slope 
polarity, they will be getting charged. I
(


)
So R 
V (nE  4)
V = E+iR getting charged i  
R nR P = I 2R
as (nE–4) as 4 batteries will be cancelled out
R P
 nE  4   4 2
= E+  R , = E +  E   = 2  1   E P  I2
 nR   n  n
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29. Rearranged circuit between A & B is :

EXERCISE –III
(A  B 
)
Match the column
B 1. For potentiometer short circuit = x 1
A 
A B
7
 (
)
3
x Depends only on primary circuit
(due to symmetry) (x 
)
Total resistance of circuit (
) (A) E1 x  1 if secondary circuit remain same
7 2 9 
=  = 3  . i = = 3 A (B) R  x  1 if secondary circuit remain same
3 3 3
Heat produced in cell (
) 
(C) S.C = 1 if x remain same
 2
2
= I r = (3) ×   = 6W 2

S.C= 1 x 
 3
Current in resistance connected directly between
2. After closing the switch net resistance decreases
7 7
A & B  3   1.4 A therefore there will be increases in the current.
15 5 After closing the switch V 2 becomes zero hence
(A  B  V = V 1.
(
7 7

15
 3   1.4 A )
5 
S2 
dx B 
V = V 1)
30. A
2r 4r S
x
V
dx dx
rx = r +rx = r(1 + x)  dRx = r 2  r 2 (1  x) 2 R R
x
v1 v2
 dx   1  A
R1   2 2
 2 1  1    ,
0 r (1  x )
x r   After short circuiting current in the resistance
becomes zero therefore power become zero.
dx   1  
(
1
R2    
 r 2 (1  x)2 r 2 1   1  1 

)
For null point
R 1 10 Comprehension–1
  R1  R 2
R 2 10 1. Power through fuse (
)
1 1 1 3 2 P = I2R = h × 2r
1      h = heat energy lost per unit area per unit time
1 1 2 2 1
(
)
1 I = current.
 3 + 3 = 4   = m
3
h  2 r 
I2   r3  I  r3/2

31. VP – VQ = 2(2R)  4 R = 24 – (2R)I1
r 2
R R
P A Q 3/2 3/2
2A  I1   r1   4 8
1.5R 24V 0.5R
S  I    r   
1

1
R I1
2 2
R 3R
T U V2
I2 2. P = VI 20kw  2000=
V 20
 V = 200 volt  V < 200 volt
 I1R = 12 – 2 R, E – I2 (4R) = 4R, I1 + I2 = 2
 E = 20R – 48 3. At maximum power delivery R = r, so  = 50%
(
)
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JEE-Physics
Comprehension–2
 1  E  1 1  E
1. As potential of 1, 2 and 3 are same potential  I1 =   E2 + 1 & I2 =   E - 1
difference across them 'zero'.  R1  R1  R 1 R 2  2 R 1
(
1, 2 3  1 0.3
 =  R1 = 20

)
1
R1 6
1 1 0.3
and + =  R2 = 40
o R1 R2 4
2 3 E1
Now as R = 0.3  E1 = 0.3 × 20 = 6V
1
2. As 1, 2 and 3 are having same potential therefore
we can draw it. Comprehension–5
(
1, 2 
3 
) 1. In balancing condition, current in the circuit should
be zero which happens at =20 cm according to
graph.
O 1,2,3 (
= 20 cm 
)
R01 = R/3 ; R02 = R/3; R03 = R/3  20

2. At balance point   V  6  1.2V
3. As point 1,2,3 are equipotential V = I R12 100 100
(
)
(
1, 2 
3 
)
 V = 0 therefore I = 0 for R12, R23,R31
3. At  = 0, applying kirchhoff's 2nd law in the circuit
Comprehension–3 containing cell, = IR
1. Current is maximum when resistance in the circuit
(= 0 
is minimum. i.e. when S1,S3,S5 are closed because
V 
, = IR)
then all resistances will be shortcircuited Imax = 0 .
Rwhere I is the current at = 0, &  is the emf of the
 1.2
(
cell.  R =   30 
I 40  10 3

S1, S3, S5 
(= 0  I 
 
V0  1.2
I max = .  R =  30  )
R I 40  10 3
2. After regular closing of switches, total resistance
Comprehension–6
decreases gradually.
1. V = E + ir
( 50 12 0.04
= 12 + (0.04) (50)
)
= 12 + 2  14 V
V02 V02 P1 7
3. P1 = , P2 = so  2. Ans. (A)
R 37 P2 37
7
R Loss in power ( )
2 2
Comprehension–4 = i r = (50) (.04) = 100 W
3. Ans. (C)
E  E2 E2 E 2 E1  E 2
1. I1 = 1 , I1 + I2 = R  I2 = R - R1 Total input (
)
R1 2 2
– Loss in power (

)
I1+I2 = Useful power ( 
),
I2 R1
Input power 
  14 (50)  700 w
E2 R2
I1 Loss in power (
)  100 w,
E1
Rate of conversion (  )= 600 watt
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5. By applying perpendicular Axis– Symmetry

EXERCISE –IV A
(
)
40 10
1. I =  2.5 A 9.6 60V
16 4
8
0.4 RAB =R
 R2  A B
7
I1   I 20V
 R 1  R 2  6. By applying perpendicular axis symmetry. Points
6 lying on the line 'AD' have same potential therefore
 48  Resistance between AB and CD can be removed
I1    2.5  2A  I2 = 0.5 R AB= 9
 60 
'AD' 
 V = 0.5(7) = 3.5 volt

AB 
CD 
RAB= 9 
12 A=12V
2. V = IR A 
1A
1
B
VAB = 1V 12V B=11V
0V  A B
V BC = 2V 6V C =9V
C

V CD = 3V D
6V D=6V
3. By symmetric path method Points E, F and B, C 7. (i) When switch S is open

are Equipotential  RAD = 1 (S 
)

E, F 
B, C 
) 36V
A 4A 4A
2
6 
D a b
1
1
6
2
1

1
B 2 C
V a–V b = (36–6×4) – (36–3×4) = –12V

4. By perpendicular Axis symmetry all points 1, 2, 3
are at same potential therefore junction on this 36 V
(ii) Total current through circuit =  9A
22 4
line can be redrawn as RAB =
35
R. (
)
(
1, 2, 3  36V
22

RAB = R .) 3A 6A
35 6 
1 a b
I Therefore I = 3A
6

A B
2
8. (i) Chemical energy consumed = 3 watt
()
3 (ii) Rate of energy dissipation = i 2R = 0.4 watt
(
)
2r/3 + r/2 + 2r/3 (iii) Rate of energy dissipation in resistor
A B (
)
  A 2r B
= (E – ir) = 2.6 watt
2r/3 + r/2 + 2r/3 (iv) The output energy to the source = 2.6 watt
(
) 
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JEE-Physics
25 25 25 25 I 25 ('2R'  'Rx'
R = 2R + Rx 
9. 10V 5V 20V 30V
(2R  R x )(R )
15V 30V 45V 55V
25V 'R'
Req =  Rx )
(R  2R  R x )
10 
11 
5
5
By solving above equation Rx =  
3 1 R
3A 3A 9A 5A
A0 14. In loop ABCDEA 20–4i–2i 1–10=0
Taking point 'A' as reference potential and its
  2i–i1=–5  i1=–2i+5
potential to be '0' : I = 20 A
(
'A'  G
2 i i1 i2 F
D

) 10V 10V i2 i1 i
Power supplied by 20 V cell 2 2 2

2
 20 V 
A E 10V
= –20 × 1 = –20 W 10V
10. By applying node Analysis B C
2 10V
(
)
In loop ABCDFA 20–4i–10–2i 2=0  i 2=–2i+5
r2 V2 In loop ABCDFGA 20–4i–10–4(i–i 1–i 2) = 0
–V2 Put the values of i1 & i2
x 0
 10–4i–4 (1+2i–5+2i–5) =0
25
r1 V1 V1  10–4i–20i+40=0  i = A
12
x  V2 x  V1  1 1  V r  V1 r2 15. Circuit can be redrawn as
 0  x    2 1
r2 r1  r2 r1  r1 r2 5A 2 D
A B 5A
V r  V1 r2 1 1 1 10A C
x 21  2
r1  r2 , req = r1 r2
20 10 3
2 R 1 2 R 2
11. P1 = P 2   30
(R 1  r ) 2 (R 2  r )2 V
3
Req = ; I  R = 20 A
R2  r R2 2 eq
 ,
R1  r R1 r  R 1R 2 Current In ICD = IAC + IB; ICD = 15 A
12. By taking 'O' as a reference potential as current i 0 i0 t

through '4' is zero there should be no potential
16. (i) i
T0
t  i0 ;  dq    T 0
dt   i 0 dt
drop across it
i 0 T0 i T
(
'O' 
'4'  Q  i 0 T0  0 0
2 2

)
 t 
4 R 6 4 6 (ii) i = i0  1  
2A  T0 
2A
2
4V 6V 1  t
10 (iii) Heat = i2Rdt [ i = i0  ]
10V  T0 
0 0 0 T0
Value of 'R' for this condition = 1 i 20 2 2 2i 20
  T02 t   i 0 dt   T0
tdt

'R' 0
13. '2R' and 'Rx' are in series therefore R = 2R + Rx i 20 T03 2

and it is in parallel with   i 0 T0  i 20 T0
T02 3
(2R  R x )(R )
'R'Req =  Rx i 20 T0
(R  2R  R x ) Heat 
3
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JEE-Physics
17. Submission of current at the Node 'X' is 22. Power developed in it is maximum when external
(Node 'X' 
) resistance = internal resistance.
2 x 4 (
=
10 2/3  0 
)
4 2 nr 9n 2
10–x R  4  n  12
324 / n 324
23. Applying KVL
x  10 x  0  2x  10   2
  3 0
2 4  2 
I1 I1+I2 I2
80
 15x – 20 – 60= 0  x  1V
15 3
7V
V  10 3 
Current =   = 1 A
R  15 2 
18. Potential difference across  voltmeter is same as
that of 200 7 = 2I 1 + 3 (I 1 + I 2 ), 1= 2I 2 + 3 (I 1 + I 2 )

200   I 1 = 2A, I 2 = – 1A

 100 200 Power supplied by E 1 = a = E 1 I 1 = 14W
 200  20 Power supplied by E 2 = b = E 2 I 2 = –1W
V1   10  V
 300  3 10
Therefore a + b = 14–1 = 13W
19. 5 – ir = 4  i = 1A
1×R= 4V R =4  24. Heat developed will be maximum for the resistor
'4' because (P.D.) will be maximum for the branch
R 1 40 4 R 1 (R 2  10) containing '5' and '4'
20.   1
R 2 60 6 ...(i); R 2  10

('4'
R1R 2 + 10R 1 = R 2× 10...(ii) '5'  '4'      
10
By solving (i) and (ii) R 1  ; R2 = 5 )
3
I A'9V  3V
B'
21. (i) Current due to primary circuit 25. A B
I1 4
(
4 I
)
D'  2 C'
1E p 10
i  = 1 Amp By applying K.V.L
R pm  r 10
 V= 1RPM  V = 9volt VA – 4I – 9 – I1 – 3 – 4I = VB
9 16 = +8I + I 1 + 12
Potential gradient (  ) = 8I + I1 = 4V ....(i)
12
By applying K.V.L. in loop A'B'C'D'A'
 9 
 12  (1) = 4.5  1 = 6m – 9– I1 + 2 (I – I1) = 0
–3I1 + 2I = 9 ...(ii)
Ep 10 1
(ii) i   A By solving (i) and (ii) Current in 2 resistance is
R PM  r  R ext 9  1  10 2 3.5A.
1
V = iRPM = × 9R = 4.5 volt  R
R R 2

2  r r
26.(i) I   J.d A  J 0   1   2 rdr  J0 2   rdr   R dr 
V 4.5 0
R 0 0 
Potential gradient x = 
L 12
 4.5  R2 R2   2 R 2  J 0 A
S.C = x1    8  3V  J0 2  
 12    J0 
 6 

2 3  3
3
V = E – ir, iR = 3  i 
2 R
r J0 2 2
R 2
2J A
 3 (ii) J   J 0   2 rdr   r dr  J 0 2 R  0
= 4.5 –   r = 3  r = 1  0
R R 0 3 3
2
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27. Potential gradient = x = 0.2 =2Volt 3. By applying nodal analysis at note 'B' and 'C'.
E2 = x 1 5 (
'B'  'C' 
)
1.5 = (0.2) 1 VB
 1 = 7.5m 30 ,10M 2R R

I 100 R O
R B R
2 12 G D
(a) i  , V = ir  x  1 R R r
R 2R
35 70 100–V
A
x 1 =S.C. =1.5 Volt
R C R
12 15 15  7
 1   1   8.75m V  100 2V  100 V  0
70 10 12   0
2R R R
 E   1 .5 
(b) S.C.=  R = 5  1.25 300 400

 R  r1   6   7V – 300 = 0 VB = and VC =
7 7
S.C. = x 2 VB  VC 100
1.25 = 0.2 (2)  2 = 6.25m IBC = 
R 7R
200 300 500 5  100 
EXERCISE –IV B I     
7R 7R 7R 7 R 
i.e. times the length of any side.
1. 4. By path symmetry potential of points A,B,C,D is same.

(
A,B,C,D )
By symmetry D and F are at same potential and C
and E .
And by symmetry C and E are at same potential.
So we can removed DF and CE
(D F 
C  E 

C E R =
ra    ra
 1  R e q  (   2)
eq  8
DF  CE 
) 4 2 
5.  2 t 
I  I 0 sin 
 T 
T /2
dq  2 t  2I 0 T
As  I so Q  2  I 0 sin   dt 
dt  T 
0
A Total heat generated

+x
T T
3  2 t 
  I2 Rdt   I20 R sin 2  dt
2. 
/3 Req=  T 
3 0 0
2 T
B x C –x I R 
0 4 t  I2 R
2 –x    1  cos  dt  0  T 
2 0 T 2
1 1 3 1 2
 R  (   x)    (5   x )  Q    RT 
 
Q 2 2 R
eq
 2 T   2  8T
 (5   x)  3(  x)(5   x)  2(   x)
 
(   x)(5   x) 6. R 
A
1 5 2  x   2  x  15  2  3x 2  12 x R L
0 e  x / L xdx
  dR  
R eq  (   x)(5   x) 0 0
A
 (   x )(5   x ) dR eq 0 L  1   L (e  1)
Req =  0 R 1   0
21 2  12 x  3x 2 dx A  e Ae
3 V V0 A  e 
I 
Req (max) =
11
 R 0 L  e  1 
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7. Current with both switches opened is - (i) divided by (ii)

(
)
10  R  100  50  R   50R 9
V 1.5 1  
  i 100 10  R   10R  50  R  30
R e q 450 300
After closing the switch (

), 10  R   500  15R  9

V1 + V 2 = V 100  11R  50  R  30
1 3 After solving R = 233.3 

100
+V 2 =
3 2 1 S G 99  1
300 10. RA = ; RA   0.99 
SG 100
9 2 7
V2   i2
6 6 R 3(2+ r + 0.99) = 12
300 1.5 volt  2 + r + 0.99 = 4
7
i V2
1800  r = 1.01 
By kirchoffs first law (
) 12 r
7 1 1
i2 =   ; i 2R = i 1R 1 A
1800 300 1800
1 2
R = 1800   =600
3 Ig(R+G) = V; IgS = (I–Ig)G; Ig (S +G) = 4IG
8. (0.01) G = 0.1(R 1+ R 2 + R 3) By solving the above equation we get the answers.
G = 10 (R 1 + R 2+R 3)...(i)
0.01 25
G EXERCISE –V-A
R1 R2 R3 1. In order to convert an ammeter into a voltmeter,
0.1
one has to connect a high resistance in series with
(0.01)G = 1(R 1 + R 2)...(ii)
it.
R3
0.01
25 

R1 R2
1A
3. The emf of the standard cell E 100

(0.01)G = 10R 1...(iii)
R3 R2

E 100
0.01
25
The emf of the secondary cell e 30
R1

e 30
By solving Equation (i), (ii) and (iii)
R1 = 0.0278 ; R2 = 0.25; R3 = 2.5 E 100 30E

  e
e 30 100
9. 4. I g =1A; G=0.81; I=10A
10A 1A 0.81
9A
Assume 1 division have x ampere When r=10

S
E
 9 x ... (i) When r=50
90  10  10R / 10  R   Ig 
S  1
E  G ; S   0.81  0.09 
 30x ...(ii)  I  Ig  9
90  10  50R /  50  R 
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5. On redrawing the circuit between A and B we get 8. Let resistances be R 1 and R 2

A B  R1  R2 
A
R1R 2
3V 3 then S = R 1 + R 2 and P = R  R
3
3V 1 2
I =1.5A
2 2
B 3 S R 1  R 2  R R
n   1  1 2
P R 1R 2 R2 R2
2 2
3  R1 R2 
=     4  n min  4
 R1 R1 
3 3
A B
1 4 r1 2 A 1 r12 4
9. Given that      
2 3 & r2 3 A 2 r22 9
3V
3V In parallel : I 1R 2=I 2R 2
6. For a given volume, the resistance of the wire is I1 R 2 2 A 1 3 4 1
expressed as hence I  R  A  l  4  9  3
2 1 2 1

x y
2 10.
R 
Volume R  
2
2
R 2  2  R  R1
  4 2 3
R1    R1
So, the change in resistance of wire will be 300% 20cm 80cm

300% 
x y x 1
A   
D 20 80 y 4
2
2 4x y
6V C
7.
1.5
6
On redrawing the diagram, we get I = =4A Now
1.5
6
a 100-a
2 1.5
A B
C 4x y
  a  50 cm
 a 100  a
2
12 Voltage across R=2V

6V
R 
= 2V
3 Hence, voltage across 500=10V
500 
= 10V
1.5 1.5 1.5 500
G
 12V R 2V
6V
6V 10 1
Current through 500=  A
500 50
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10 1 B  B  A  A  B A A B
500
=  A  
500 50 AB AA  A B A A
As 500 and R are in series value of

500 
R 
2
 B A  dia B  1
  22  2
VR  A B  dia A 2 = 2
2
R   100 
IR 1 / 50 18. Given that
R100°C = 100
E,R1 E,R2
13. R T°C = 200
T=?
R 100 =R 0 [1+(100)] ...(i)
RRT]...(iii)
R On dividing eq. (2) by eq. (1), we get
RT 1  T

2E R 100 1  100 
Current in the circuit (
) R R R
1 2 On solving, we get T=400°C
potential difference across cell with R 2 resistance

R2 
P R
2E
 E  IR 2  E   R2 19. S1
R1  R 2  R
But potential difference = 0 Q S2
2E Under balanced condition

 E   R 2  R = R 2 – R 1
R1  R 2  R (
)
14. Current supplied by the source to the external
P R P R  S1  S 2 
resistance   
Q S1 S 2 Q S1 S 2

S1  S 2
E
I =
Rr
10
E 20. A C
If ( ) r>>R; I=
r 5 10 C 20 B
which will be constant(
) A
10
D B
15. The internal resistance of a cell

5V
 e  l   240 
r   1 R   1  1 R =   1 2=2
 vT   l2   120 
On redrawing the circuit, we get ( 
)
16. Kirchoff's first law is based on law of conservation C

of charge.Kirchoff's second law is based on law of 10 20
conservation of energy. A
10
B
 5 10
 D

5V
17. Specific resistance (B)A ; diameter d B=2d A It is a balanced Whetstone bridge having R eff as

(B)A ; dB=2dA 
 Resistance  B 30  15
B R eff =  10 
 ? for Resistance  1 45
A  A
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C 30 For parallel combination (

)
10 20
1 1 1
A
10
B  
R R1 R2
5 10 15 1 1 1
D    
R eq R 0 (1  1 t) R 0 (1   2 t)
5V 5V
1 1 1
The current delivered by the source is  
R0 R 0 (1  1 t) R 0 (1   2 t)
 2
1   p t 
V 5
I   0.5 A 2 (1 + p t) –1 = (1 +  1t) –1 + (1 +  2 t) –1
R 10
21. Let the resistance of the wire at 0°C is R0 also let using binomial expansion (  
)
the temperature coefficient of resistance is . 1   2
2 – 2pt = 1 – 1t + 1 – 2t p =

0°C 
R0  2

 
28. R = 

 R  2
R 50 =R 0 [1+(50–0)]....(i) A
Similarly R 100 =R 0[1+(100–0)] ...(ii) R R 2 
On dividing equation (ii) by equation (i), we get   = 2[0.1] = 0.2% increase.
R R 
R 100 1  100  6 1  100  5
 29. R = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4   R   100  5 

R 50 1  50  ; 5 1  50  100
R = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4 = 20
 6  300   5  500   1  200 
R 20
1 For combination  100   100  5%
 / C R 400
200 30. i = 0.2 A,  = 4 × 10 –7 -m, A = 8 × 10 –7 m 2
1 i 0.02  4  10 7
On replacing   / C in equation (i), we get x  = 0.1 V/m
200 A 8  10 7
 1   1 31. Due to greater heating as H = I 2 R
5=R 0 1  50   5  R 0 1  4  25W get fused.
 200   

H = I2R
5 
 5  R 0    R 0  4 25W 
4 
32.
55 R 55  8
22.  R   220 
20 80 2 6
240
24. Choosing A as origin,(A 
)
I
E  j  
2 r 2
a  b
I 1 I  1 1
25. VC  VB    dr  
2 a r2 2    a  b  a  6
I  1 1 
240
VB  VC    
2  a  a  b  
27. For series combination (
)
1 R 01   2 R 02 60
S  2
R 01  R 02 (120)
R bulb   240 
R 01 = R 02 = R 0 (given) 60
  2 120
S  1 V1   240  117.07
2 246
62
JEE-Physics
3. Current I can be independent of R6 only when R1,

(120) 2
R heater   60  R 2, R 3, R 4 and R 6 form a balanced wheatstone’s
240
R1 R 3
120 bridge. Therefore,   R1R4 = R2R3
V2   48  106.6 R2 R4
54
So change in voltage = V 1 – V 2  10.4 Volt  R1, R2, R3, R4  R6     
33. To increase the range of ammeter, resistance should  
I  
R6     
be decreased (So additional shunt connected in R R
 1  3  R1R4 = R2R3
parallel) so total resistance to ammeter decreases. R2 R4
  3E 2
(
)  4 . In the first case ( 
) t = msT..(i)
R
 
H 
V2 
t
 R 
When length of the wire is doubled, resistance and
mass both are doubled. Therefore, in the second
case (
EXERCISE –V-B  NE 2
.t = (2m)sT ..(ii)
2R
Single Choice
Dividing eq. (ii) by (i), we get
1. Net resistance of the circuit is 9.
 current drawn from the battery, N2
=2  N2 = 36  N=6
18

9 
5. The circuit can be redrawn as follows
 
2R 2R 2R 2R
9
i = =1A = current through 3 resistor 2R
r r
9 P
r
Q P
r
Q
2R 2R
3 A 2 C 2 2R 2R 2R 2R
1A i2 i4
9V 4R
8 8 4
i1 i2 i3 2Rr
2r R+r
2 B 2 D 2 P Q P Q
4R
Potential difference between A and B is
A B 
V2 V2 V2 V2
VA – VB = 9–(3+2) = 4V = 8i1 6. P= so, R=  R1 = & R2=R 3 =
R P 100 60
 i1 = 0.5 A  i2 = 1 – i1 = 0.5 A
Similarly, potential difference between C and D 250 2
Now, W1 =  R 1 and
 R 1  R 2 2

C D 
VC – VD = (VA–VB) – i2(2+2)= 4 – 4i2=4 – 4 250 2 2
 
(0.5)=2V= 8i 3  i3 = 0.25 A W2 =  R 2 and W3  250
 R 1  R 2 2 R3
Therefore, i4=i2–i3 = 0.5 – 0.25  i4 = 0.25 A
W 1:W 2:W 3 = 15:25 :64  W 1<W 2<W 3
2. As there is no change in the reading of galvanometer
7. Ammeter is always connected in series and
with switch S open or closed. It implies that bridge
is balanced. Current through S is zero and voltmeter in parallel. (

S 

S 8. The ratio
AC
will remain unchanged.
CB
 AC
IR = IG, IP= IQ. 
CB
63
JEE-Physics
9. P=i 2 R Current is same, so PR. 2 R 2R 2

In the first case it is 3r, in second case it is (2/3)r, in 16.
G G
r 3r
III case it is & in IV case the net resistance is
3 2
P=i 2 R 
PR. R > 2  100 – x > x

3r, 
(2/3)r,  Applying
P R

Q S
r 3r 2 x R x  20
 IV 
 We have  ..(i)  ...(ii)
3 2 R 100  x 2 80  x
RIII < RII<R IV<R1  P III < PII<PIV < P 1 Solving eq. (i) and (ii) we get R=3
17. Given circuits can be reduced to
5 4 3
10. RPQ = r, RQR = r and RPR = r
11 11 11
3V 1 3V
 RPQ is maximum 1
2

2
2
P1 = 3 = 9W P2 = 3 = 18W
1 12
11. BC, CD and BA are known resistance. The unknown

resistance is connected between A and D.
BC, CD  BA 
A  D 
2 3V
2
P3 = 3 = 9 W
2 2

 G V2
12. Vab = ig.G=(i–ig)S  i =  1   i g 18. P and 100W > 60W >
S R
S
V2 V2 V2 1 1 1
(i-ig) 40W      
R 100 R 60 R 40 R 100 R 60 R 40
[Note : Although ( ) 100 = 60 +40 so at
a ig G b room tempeature ()
i
Substituting the values, we get i=100.1 mA
V2 V2 V2 1 1 1
13. W=0. Therefore, from first law of thermodynamics,      (Applicable
R 100 R 60 R 40 R 100 R 60 R 40
W=0.  Only at room temperature)
U= Q = i2Rt= (1)2 (100) (5× 60) J = 30 kJ
(
)]
14. Current in the respective loop will remain confined
in the loop itself. Therefore, current through 2 19.
resistance = 0. Current always flow in closed path.

2 
15. H = I2Rt I  same
L L 
 20. R    independent of L
So H  R R = , same. A Lt t
r 2
1
So H  R  HBC = 4H AB
r2
64
JEE-Physics
Multiple Choice 2. The rheostat is as shown in figure. Battery should

be connected between A and B and the load
7.5 amp
v between C and B
15 V  1.5  6 
1. I= R
eq
24V 2 K
R p  7.5  
A B 

C B 
9V 1.2 K
240 60
I=  = 7.5 mA
32 8
(A) Current (
) I is 7.5 mA
(B) Voltage drop across RL is 9 volt
RL 
= 9 volt
P1 V12 R2 225  1.2

(C) = × 2 =  1.6
P2 R1 v2 2  81
(D) After interchanging the two resistor R1 and R2

R1 R2 
V 2.4 3.
I = R =  7 = 3.5 mA
eq (48)
2
P1 V12 R L v  21 V
= 2
  1   24V
P2 R L (v 2 )  v2 
2
4. Slide wire bridge is most sensitive when the
9  3V
   = 9 resistance of all the four arms of bridge is same.
3 
Hence, B is the most accurate answer.
Assertion - Reason 
1. Ans. D

B 
Subjective Problems

1. (i) There are no positive and negative terminals
on the galvanometer because only zero
deflection is needed.

5.

(ii)
2 2
G  2     J
J1   R and J 2   R as 1  2.25
12  R  2   R  1 / 2  J2
x
A J B C D
4 2 4 2
so  R  2   2.25  R  4
(iii) AJ = 60 cm  BJ = 40 cm 1  2R 2
If no deflection is taking place. Then, the
Wheatstone’s bridge is said to be balanced,


X R BJ X 40 2
Hence, 12  R     x= 8
AJ 12 60 3
65

03 Current Electricity

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JEE-Physics

4I 16I This is balanced wheat stone bridge

I1 24. Potential gradient ( 

12 27. (25W– 220V)

 7,8 7',8'

13. If n batteries are in series than the circuit can be made

16. As power in 2 is maximum when the current in it

A i/3  990 mA = I – 10mA  I = 1000 mA = 1A

So current in FC=0 (

getting discharged. But since, 2 are in opposite V

29. Rearranged circuit between A & B is :

R01 = R/3 ; R02 = R/3; R03 = R/3  20

– Loss in power (

5. By applying perpendicular Axis– Symmetry

3. By symmetric path method Points E, F and B, C 7. (i) When switch S is open

V a–V b = (36–6×4) – (36–3×4) = –12V

Power supplied by 20 V cell 2 2 2

12. By taking 'O' as a reference potential as current i 0 i0 t

13. '2R' and 'Rx' are in series therefore R = 2R + Rx i 20 T03 2

 1 = 7.5m 30 ,10M 2R R

1. 4. By path symmetry potential of points A,B,C,D is same.

A Total heat generated

7. Current with both switches opened is - (i) divided by (ii)

After closing the switch (

1 3 After solving R = 233.3 

3. The emf of the standard cell E 100

R1 = 0.0278 ; R2 = 0.25; R3 = 2.5 E 100 30E

Assume 1 division have x ampere When r=10

5. On redrawing the circuit between A and B we get 8. Let resistances be R 1 and R 2

12 Voltage across R=2V

2E Under balanced condition

16. Kirchoff's first law is based on law of conservation C

C 30 For parallel combination (

3. Current I can be independent of R6 only when R1,

9. P=i 2 R Current is same, so PR. 2 R 2R 2

11. BC, CD and BA are known resistance. The unknown

Multiple Choice 2. The rheostat is as shown in figure. Battery should

P1 V12 R2 225  1.2

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