3. 2.Procedure J.

: Formula : Diagram: Apparatus :

Note
stand Holdcalliper. Aim:
Measure
(iv) (iii) (ií) (i) fi(nüd)To(i)
( the down End
as
resonance
shown Take the To
the n, V=4 x correction meter detemine
(P+0.3d)4n
=(nL)cm
(l+e)4n
=V=4 long A
room three inner
in mean
(nL) out
-Stand
scale,
the diameter
tubereadings
temperature L, slope 01W-Rubberpad plastic the
1 e=0.3d the
iagram).
vertically vernier unknown specd
jar
Water -Glassjar
and of filled
with
the Metal/glass
tube calliper, RESONANCE TUBE
EXPERIMENTNO. 6
usinghence where
in reson frequencysound of
the the
calculate ance frequency) of
unknown (where graph(ifis l= L= n= d rubberwater, in
50) plastic given
tube frequency the is of air
observedcorrect a at
thermometer.
resonance
pad,
jar end L inner tuning room
with is
filled
correction the L resonating
1 thermometer
the resonating
length of
diameter fork
temperature
against n) tuning N tube,
help correct
with using
water length fork
Tuning
fork set
of of resonating
the
| of
resonance resonance Resonance
of
with of tuning
upper of air
the air
column forks,
tub jaws length tube Tube
help column
of for retort
of fork
retort vernier sta
A Immerse the resonance tube in the plastic jar filled with water as deep as possible so that the
length of the air column is minimum.
5. Arrange the tuning forks in descending order of frequency.
6Strike the tuning fork of highest frequency gently on the rubber pad and hold it near the mouth
of the resonance tube, so that the prong of the tuning fork vibrate in vertical plane.
7 Raise the resonance tube slowly along with the fork till a loud sound is heard índicating that
the air colunmn is vibrating in resonance with the fork.Clamp the tube.
& Measure the length of air column from the surface of the water level to the open end of the
resonance tube using meter scale
0 Repeat the procedure and measure the length (e) three times for the same tuning fork and
calculate mean length ()
10 Set the next tuning fork in to vibrations, hold it near the open end of the resonance tube, raise
it slowly from the previous position till resonance is obtained and measure the corresponding
length () three times and calculate the mean length
11. Repeat the complete procedure for the rest of the tuning forks
12. Similarly find the mean resonating length () for the unknown frequency tuning fork (n,)
13.Add end correction (e) to mean resonating length () and calculate corrected length (L) for all
tuning forks. Calculate L for the tuning fork of unknown frequency
14.Calculate nL for all tuning forks except the tuning fork of unknown frequency
15.Calculate the speed of sound at room temperature and also unknown frequency
1
16. Plot a graph of n(y axis) against(x axsis) and calcualte the speed of sound by graph.
L
Observations :
1. Least count of vernier calliper
) Smallest division on the main scale of vernier calliper, X= cm

(ü) Total number of divisions on the vernier scale of the vernier calliper, y=..D... div.
(1) Least count (L.C) of vernier calliper, xly= ..."!9 cm
(iv) Zero error (e) = ........ cm
Observation table :
1) For inner diameter of resonance tube
Obs. VSR Diameter / Corrected
MSR/ (a)cm VSD
No. (b)em (c= bxL.C) (total reading) reading
Cm (atc= d') cm (d=d'- e')cm
1
35 4
2
5 3 55
35
3
3-5 O06 3 56

Mean d =355 cm

End correction e = 0.3 d=065 cms

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2) For resonating length :
Obs. Frequency Length of air column Corrected
1 (cm-1)
length nL
No. n (Hz) L
L=l+e cm HZ- cm
, cm,cm t, cm Mean
cm

512 |l42 143 O06S6 795

2
426 19 85 9 ao'165 O0495 9275
3
384 Q45 25 24 24525565 0034) 4816
4
320 258 261 24 165
5 Unknown
Q65 26 O0368692 1
123L, -13235o os46
(n) = L
Mean (nL) =886Hz- cm or cm/s
Graph : 1
Plot a graph of n (y axis) against (x axis) and calculate the speed of sound by graph.

Y+ Scale X=

n (Hz)

em")
Slope =

V=4 x slope =344 cm/s = 33B84m/s

Alsodetermine the unknown frequency (n,) from the graph

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 Scale:

Naxis=tt asH

42:6 -320

8646

V SLope

2001

6 Sign of teacher

53)
Calculations :
Obs. No Log n Log L a+bc Antilog (c) = 4nL
(a) (b)
1
11822. 3 891S 7795
2 2: 62g4 3046 3933q 4275
3 2:5843 3991 48)6
4
2505I |·4334 3939 86q2
Mean (nL) =8864Hz cm or cm/s
(1)Speed of Sound
V=4(nLmm
=4 x 886Y
=333:5 Hz cm or cm/s -3338n/s
(2) Unknown frequency
n' = mean (nL) 8864
Corrected length corresponding to the unknown frequency (L) |828 5
6
= 4841 Hz
Result :
1) Speed of sound in air at room temperature
a) By calculation : V =33384 m/s
b) By graph : V= m/s
2) Unknown frequency of fork
a) By calculation :n'=48476 Hz
b) By graph : n'=4 84 Hz
Precautions:
1. Strike the tuning fork gently on rubber pad
2. Hold the vibrating tuninafork iust above the mouth of the resonance tube
3. Do not bring ear close to the tube
4. While adjusting the resonating length, start with the minimum length of the air column and the
tuning fork of highest frequency
S. Tuning fork should not touch the resonance tube
0. The prongs of the tuning fork must vibrate in vertical plane
Questions
What is meant by the term resonance ?
.he..phe.nomenoM.n..wMich.Hae..o ocly..Vbrcles.undera.e..
LTOM.).2xhera.næ..penodi'e.oTe.who.$e. jeqeny 1s..
gual.tÉ...Me...nahal.equeny.9.da'ven..2ady.:. So.
aet..Ampliud.e.ac. tam.Maximunn. s.callel.resosnAne.
(55
 2. What are forccd oscillations ?
..In.Foced.cscilarons /Vibnations. ,.9n.exter ncu.
.IS.applied on. a.body.whse. natual.pemod. is.
rom pe nbd o) ozcé.. mese.Viknaions.depend
pemodiG
derent. Joe
..upon
djerence. beween jTequenny.9,exteanal pemodie
.and.natuna. Jequency.....b0dy.
3. What are the sources of errors in this experiment ?
..jne.
Tn. hs. expeashnent,.
lonqitudincd..stationany..MOavesa
J0med.in.tae.a.tolumn..in..he...tube..A.node.s omed ,
at..the...ciosed.end..and...adja LEnt..amhnode.is Joed.....
3lightty. outside. ne..open...end.o..kuoe
A.t..e..A
4. What are nodes and antinodes ?
). when.a.Sta
hongm.uUaye.i's.produccdon.a.srning &orme
poins.on.ae.Smmg..Ae...motionless.:.he..point...whih do
not...mOve..ANe..CaLled.nocdeo.:
2)..when... some...poins 0n.
he...Shming..ascitlahe.witn
.9¬atest..amplitude..tney.aecalled..cntinode
5. What is end correction ? How do you
eliminate it ?
..Jhe..dis tcane.0ntinade
-POSihon.0} lbekeen..tne.open.end.e.tne..pipe..
..posiioM.o}.aninade..i.called..e nd...coroechan.
and
is co.Rna.o..fthe.pipe.and.

. . e.:.9:2.d. . . . cd.. jnneo..ditimeters.o.ube.

6. State the
.....e. a...snd...coNechon.
factorson which velocity of sound depends ?
...N.=...n...:...Hn.LA+e)..s..4.n
....0.2.fundamental..Frequenty.u3. hamon.
..A..Aengtn.).i...clumn..:
7. How does the speed of
sound in the given medium vary with the
SOund. uwaves.a2e.pressure. cA VeA..Carns iSin4.0). temperature ?
sa1ejrahona. ravelling.along.me.dTeLhon.b)campressio
JaYe:.lempenave.al eUa.tne. Speec propagahaig
kempxauae..have..mo e.R od.&OMYNd.i molecules at.ng
Sound wMLVe ca
Remark and sign
neIgU:thuoitheu.can Vibrcte das
tavelmafe qulLkly
of teacher :,

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