Physics Lab

Course Name: physics for Biologist -1

Course Code : PHY 108 LAB

Section No : 01

Group No : 01

Experiment No : 04

Name of the Experiment : To determine the wavelengths of various spectral lines by a spectrometer
using a plane diffraction grating.

Date of allocation :

Date of submission : 11 August 2020

Submitted To : Ms. Sakiba Shahnaz(Lecturer)

Student’s ID : 2017-2-77-027

Student’s Name: Sree santa poddar

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 Physics Lab
PHY-108 LAB
Experiment No: 04

Working Formula:-

Sin
 
nN
Data Sheet: Diffraction grating experiment:

1 inch = 2.54 cm. 1 nm (nanometer) = cm = m

Value of the smallest division in Main scale

Vernier ConstAnt (V .C.)  = 0.017 degree
Total number of divisions in Vernier scale
Grating constant, N = the number of lines or rulings per centimeter of the grating surface

= 5.906× slits per nm .

Reading for the angle of Diffraction θ Wave

length,
Left Side Right Side
Sin

Vernier scale reading (V)

Vernier scale reading (V)

nN
θ

Standard wavelength ,
Main scale reading (S)

Main scale reading (S)

Description of the line
Number of order, n

Total reading (R)

Total reading (L)

nm
V = V.C.×Div.

V = V.C.×Div.

2θ =L~R
R=S+V
L=S+V

degree

nm

Violet 165 .476 165.476 195.4 .238 195.738 30.262 15.131 441 405
1st order

Indigo 166 .272 166.272 194 .442 194.442 28.17 14.085 412 436
Blue 163 .238 163.238 197 .238 197.238 34 17 495 435
Green 161 .476 161.476 199 .221 199.221 37.745 18.872 547 546

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 Yellow 160 .102 160.102 200 .255 200.255 40.153 20.076 581 578

Violet 148.5 .425 148.925 211.5 .119 211.619 62.694 31.374 440 405
Indigo 151 .408 151.408 209 .204 209.204 57.796 28.898 409 436
2nd order

Blue 144 .476 144.476 216 238 216.238 71.762 35.881 496 435
Green 139 .374 139.374 221 .476 221.476 82.102 41.051 555 546
Yellow 136 .306 136.306 224 .374 224.374 88.068 44.034 588 578

Calculation:
For violet
Sin
Wavelength,   = sin(15.131)/ 5906= 441nm
nN

Percentage difference: (for any one color):

Standard value of violet color = 405 nm

Experimental value of violet color = 441 nm

St andard value ~ Experimental value

Percentage difference =  100 %
St andard value

= 441-405/(405+411)/2 100 = 8.51 % difference

Results:
Wavelength of Violet color = first order(8.51% difference) & second order( 8.28% difference)

Wavelength of Indigo color = first order(5.66 % difference) & second order( 6.39 % difference)

Wavelength of Blue color = first order(12.90% difference) & second order( 13.10 % difference)

Wavelength of Green color = first order(0.182 % difference) & second order(1.634% difference)

Wavelength of Yellow color = first order(0.517% difference) & second order(1.715% difference)

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Discussions:

(i) The source must be in front of the collimator slit so that image appears bright.

(ii) The vertical cross-wire or better the centre of the cross-wires should be made coincident with the
same edge of the slit image. Care should be taken so that there is no parallax between the cross-
wires and the slit image.

(iii) For the final setting, the telescope must be rotated carefully with the tangent screw always in the
same direction so as to avoid back-lash error.

(iv) The width of the slit image should be as narrow as possible.

(v) In taking reading care should be taken to ascertain whether the zero of the main circular scale has
been crossed in going from one position to other.

The End