Resonance Tube Method to Calculate

,~Sarai Standing Wave Inside an Organ Pipe Closed at One End

I

a..,,..---.' ~ =t f=~
:.jnSp,e!i~S:•~d:~(::•_ Ii) Displacement

,ex~-
, ··················· 4
·•· · ··
41
Fundamental
frequency

j j L e=O.\d
node

Pressure
tr\/·-
.. ../
,•
.. 31.
4
3v
-=t f=-
41
3rd Harmonic
1'' overtone

1 ' resonance 2nd resonancediamet.er of tube

·v v -v\.. ' 4 =t
1
Beat Node S>. f Sv 5th Harmonic
Wavefront =41 2•• overtone
frequency =M
Point souJ'ce Cylindl'ical wavefronts = fi _ fz (2n + l)l
1
(2n + l)v (2n +l )th Harmcmic
Line souJ'ce Spbeaical wavefl'onts 4 = f= 4t n th overtone
~ - 4il l 11111111111 Pl fi t ::,, StandingWavelnsideanOrganPipeOpenatBothEnd
~ :;·;·, " anal' wave~ Sound Waves ,,,,. p< ..--~·..:> ·~ ~-t , •• ~; Fundamental

Change in wavelength due to v + v . Displacement Displacement frequency

motion of a sound SOUJ'Ce ,. , = w - s onstructJ.ve Interfereo:e Antinode Antlnode P./'.SZS ·x► 2,_ zv 2"' Harmonic
,.., f Open::::::::: Open ·_, ~ ..:~
~ ~~- -2 =l f=-21 !•'overtone
(Pr-.)mu = Pto + Pzo :::::: ::: ·
Change in frequency obse1-ved due to ( ff: IL\z end : : : : : : : : : end
lllotl·on of both soui·ce & obsel"'ei· (lres)mu= ._,l1 +viz, Pressure PZ '.V""'v" ) ' 31. 3v 3.. Harmonic
• Node ·'-..:A.../''- ·► z = t f=u 2••overtone
0 f'--(Vw + Vo) f ~
S v. v0
If wind is blowing,
takeitseffectalso
Vw - Vs
.dx
(\
·V V
(\ (\
V
f\/\1\;
= 0 , A , 2.A. , 3A..'<" n.A.
~-t
2 -
f=-
21
StandingWaveinSolids
nv
D OOlC
(n - l)tb overtone
thffarm

ft
.

---....... . l 1Y
Interferen~ of Sound Waves- - - ' Constrnctive Destrnctive ~ ode t _ =I f = -
AN
ft
p 1 = p 10 sm(kx - rot) J!!teafel'ence Inteafel'ence AN ~ n 2 21 P
pz = p 20 sin(kx - rot+ cl>) ~•~ • C--~ fundamental mode
.. . . ~,e Destn.:tlve Interfereo:e , /'\.
By Superpos1hon Pnnc1ple ~ · (Pres.)m1a = IPio + Pzol J / \ t 3l _ f =~ !
{Pres0)
2
= P~0 + P~0 + 2 P1 0Pz0COScl> (lres)m1a = (Jfi- Jfif AN ~ ('.
AN z:-I 21 p
Ires= l1 + l2 + 2/f;Jf;.cosct> (1 c:< P~) 4x = 0 .5}.,l.5A,2.5L.= (n +
1
2 )i Istoverto~3nlharmonic

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JEE I NEET I Class 9,10
Variation of Excess Pressure in Gas Due
to Propagation of Longitudinal Wave
--e1Saral Equation of Sound Wave
Sinusoidal Wave ~ = s 0 sin (±rot± kx +<I>)
s = s 0 sin(rot - kx) Equation 'V
P = -e(!:) p = Po cos(rot - kx) Power Transmission
in Sound Waves
displacement of particle
present at x in x direction
:t!xcess pressure IPol = IBksol Max Compressive Stress Max Tensile Stress
Amplitude of excess
pressure
Power= - BA(::)(:;) Max. Density, Pres sure Min. Density, Pressure

1 .mo
< I >=z ~ s :;- Comp'°7~ oeo~•
2 2

Characteristics of Sound Property of Property of

Pitch( Dominant Frequency) medium source
Low ~requency High J requency ..............
:::~::::::::::
Sound Waves
Lo.: Pitch Hi~ Pitch s = s 0 sin (rot - kx +<I>)
Variation of Intensity
~
Coefficient oft ro
] 0001\00. fl , Point source - v w = - Coefficient of x = k
Badquality t G ood qRaiity (..¼ooth curve) p A

Loudness (Intensity) ~
I - - -2
A- 4nr
I ex: -
r2
1 ~p
-.,
= -Vw (!:) Sp
V
/'\
V i
Line source Velocity of particle

I
Soun+ level (SL)=l0 log10 (.~)
Power per unit length = P elocity of Sound Wave in Gas
measured in decibel (dB)
Watt
10 =10- 12 - 2-
I=--
Pl
2nrl
1
Icx:-
r
v.- r,. ✓P
V - JvRT(Ti,inKruvinl
Mo
+
-fl
w
m
On i P if T is constant vw will not change
Minimum audible
intensity
Velocity of sound wave ID a thin solid ,od At same T if humidity j, Vw increases(·: Mo.J..)