Reaction Kinetics-Homework #1

An ideal gas system is of 𝑛 mole molecules. Initially, the system is in its thermal equilibrium at
temperature 𝑇, volume 𝑉, and pressure 𝑃. The specific molar heat capacity for isochoric and isobaric
3 5
processes are 𝐶𝑣 = 𝑅 and 𝐶𝑝 = 𝑅, respectively, where 𝑅 is the universal gas constant. At first it
2 2

undergoes (a) an isobaric process and its volume quadruples 𝑉 → 4𝑉 . Secondly, it follows (b) an
adiabatic process to decrease its temperature to the temperature 2𝑇. Thirdly, it does (c) an isochoric
process to reduce its temperature to the initial temperature. Finally, it performs an isothermal process to
compress its volume to the initial volume. Please find the heat transfer Δ𝑄, work done by the system Δ𝑊,
changes of internal energy Δ𝑈 and entropy Δ𝑆 for (a), (b), (c), and (d) respectively. Are the net changes of
(e) heat energy, (f) work done by the system, (g) internal energy, and (h) entropy equal to zero? (i) If not
all of them are zeros, please explain it physically.
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Yisothermal oU
告
= O
# =

8 Q =8
3
RTdv V3 V4
PdV : 4 11 3 V =
2
=
×
8w
=
= .

OW
=
AR7 ln上
V
= - 2 .

42 ARf = 0
QA
4 = 3
P= r
=P 3 V
ds
毕 nkln 岸≈
V
;
42 nRA
45
=
=
- 2
-
"
1×
=
P 3 × 113

P3 =

0177 P
e) ( i ) oQnet to

function
∵ Q 不是 stute 是 pathfanction
o Qnet : oQa toQb toQc toQd =

5nRT+ O - nkf - 2
.
42
nkfFO
f ) (i ) oWnet to

' W 不 state function 是 path function

oWnet =
oWut oWb toWc towd =
3 PU + 3nRf to - 2 -
42
nRf tO

glli ) oUnet =
o

丫 是 statefunction

oUnet olatcUbt Uctold 5nRT 3 PV SnR

| 3 nRTto O
-
- =
<
-

=
:

H) (i ) oSnet = 0

i 'S
是
state function

<
Snet :
oSa + oSb + oSc 1 osd = 5lnR + O -

lnznR - 2
. 42 hR

ln lnz ) nR
"
5 - 2 42
-
.

= 2

( 3 5 ln
. 2 -
2 .
42 ) nR
:
Σ
而
而
足
儿