* Module 12-18 from Padilla RC not recorded

* From ✗ pertz

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Derivative by Power , Product , oh Quotient

d( constant) =
0

'
function
( un ) nun of variable
* U
-

a
d
=
= •
du

n
-
_
constant value

d( UV ) :
udvtvdu

/Y adv
'

/ v.v ) (da)
"
-

d =D
-

-
- u -

ly +
v

ud " du
= -
+

1,2 ×

Udit + Vdu Vdu -

Udit
= =

42 v2

( o)
/ f)
"
-
kdv kdv
d = =

v2 v2

:
examples

1. Determine the derivative of 2×-53 with respect to ✗ .

a. 12×-30 b. 12×2-60×+75 c. 612×-5)2 d. 24×2-120×+150

&
d 2×-53 =3 2x -

5) 2

= 62×-52
=
64×2-20×+25
=
24×2-120×+150

5 "
2
2. Determine the derivative of ✗ 1- ✗ with respect to × .

3
24 4 2
a. 8×6 I -

✗ 23+5×4 I -

✗ C. ✗ I -

✗ g- 3×2
¢
23
b. ✗
4
I -
✗ 5-13×2 d. 4×6 1- ✗ 23+5×4 I -

✗
2

£ 2 4 5 23 24
d ✗ 1- ✗ = ✗ 4 I -
✗ -

2x + 1- ✗ 5×4

=
-8×6/1 -

✗ 2) 3+5×4/1 -

✗ 2) 4

2)
3
= ✗411 -

✗ 2) -8×2+5/1 -

3
=
✗ 4/1 -

✗ 2) -
8×2+5 -
5×2 )
3
=
✗
4
/ 1- ✗ 2) 5-13×2

3. Determine the derivative 6-2×2×3 with respect to × .

2 2- 6
2 4
a. 6- 2x ✗ 9✗ ✗ c. 6- 2x ✗ -9 ✗

b. 6- 2x ✗
2-
18✗ ✗
4 d. 6- 2x ✗ 3-18×2 ✗
6

16-2×2 ✗ 3216-2×11-2 ) -

(6-2×213×2) -4×3 6-2×-3×216 -2×12

¢ = =
2 6
✗
3
✗ 3) ✗

✗ 216 -2×7-4×-36 -

2x ✗ 2/6-2×1 -4×-18+6/1
= =

6 6
✗ ✗

=
# 6-2×2×-18
=
216-2×11×-9 )
4
✗ 61
✗
Derivative of trigonometric Functions

d sin a) =
cosudu

dlcosu)= sinudu

Sinn Cosa cosudu sinu sinudu Cost udu sintudu * Sinan + cos2u =/
d(tanu)=d
+
-

= =

2
Cosy COSU COSLU

du
\

= =sec2udu
Cos du

dfwtu ) : -

csciudu

cos " ° I -

sinudu sinudu
d secy =D = = =
secutanudu
COSU
Costa COSQU

d cscu = csccotudu

examples
:

1. Determine the derivative of 3cos2 3×2

a. -18 cos 3×2 sin 3×2 c. -

3617 Cos 3×2 sin 3×2

b. 36 cos 3×2 sin 3×2 d. 18 ✗ COS 3×2 sin 3×2

2
d 3 cost 3×2 =
d 3 cos 3×2

= 3 2 Cos 3×2 sin 3×2 611

= 36 cos 3×2 sin 3×2

tank
'
2. Given that y ✗ find y when ✗ =L
-

_
,

a. 3.66×10-3 b. -45.69 c.
-

0.212 d. 5.61

y :xtan2✗

y' =
✗
2tan✗(sec2x) + tank / 1)

when ✗ =L

22) 22
'

y = 2 219hL Sec + tan * calc mode should be in RAD

'

y :
-45.69 because ,
× is unit less

3. Determine the 2nd derivative of the function y=csc2x

a. 2csc2x 2cot2x+csc2✗ c. 4csc2✗cot2×+csc2x

b. 4csc2x coth ✗ + csc2× d. 2csc2✗ 2cot2✗+csc2x

y=csc2✗

y '=2cscx -

cscxcotx = -

2csc2xcot✗

c s c 2 x - c . s c ? x t w t x 2 c s c x - c s c xc o t x ) - - 2 c s c 4 x 2 c s c 2 a c o t 2 x - 2 c s c 2 xc s c 2 /
"

y = -2

+201-2×1

Derivative of Logarithmic Functions

d"
d Inu =D logeu
=

* is constant
logeu Inu a a

d logan
=D =D
In a
10g , a u is a function

\ du I du *
using change of base
= • d In u = . =

Ina U Ina ulna

 examples
:

1. Determine the derivative of log ✗ 3+7

I 3×2
d 109,01×3+7 ) = •

Into ✗ 3+7

2
2. Determine the derivative of In ✗ -
s
-

3x

1×2 -55% #
I

% ∅
d In (✗
2-
g) -
z, = 3
12
'

( ✗ 2- 5)
✗
= -3
2-
✗ g-

Derivative of Exponential Functions

d "
eudu * a is a constant of
e =
,
*
change base from algeb

d all = d e109ea
"

=D elna
"
etna
"

e.
"
lmaoo / nadu
U is a function 109cm 109hm
= =

10g b m =
; m = b.
ulna
or = au .
/ nadu * all :
e. Iogeb

examples
:

1- Determine the derivative of 22×+2

d 22×+2 =
22×+2 (In 2) ( 2
= 42×+2 1h2

't -4×+4
2. Determine the derivative of e

d ed -

4×+4 =
ed -

4×+4 2×-4

&
✗
3. Determine the derivative of ✗ special case

& function
d ✗
✗
* ¢ UV
function

2
✗
y : ✗

"
21ha
×
In y= In ✗ lny = ✗

dYd✗ 2 dxdx
= ✗ + 1h2 2x
✗
y

dy 2
= ✗ +2×1 nx y =
✗ + 2x / nx ✗
✗

a,

Implicit Differentiation differentiation by term

examples
:

1. Find 01%0×2 of the function : ✗ 2- ✗y -192--3 with respect to ✗

✗ 2- ✗ y+y2 =3

DY DX DY
1st :
2x
%! -
×

dx
+
Yd , +2g
DX
= ◦

2x ✗
'
2yy
'
:O
y +
-

y
-

"
2 '' ' '
2nd : -

✗ y -1
'
y + 2 yy +
y y
' = 0
y
-

2- 2=0
" ' ' "
2yy
'
✗
y
-

y
-

y + -12 y

''
2y'2
" '
✗
y +
2yy -2+2 y
-
= -

' ' 2
I
2y'2 2
' +
2+29 y y
-
- -
-

it
=
y =

+2g
✗ +
2y
-

-
✗
Partial Derivatives

examples :

1- Find the Partial derivative of the function with respect to

given y

&
✗ 92 *
y is a variable
z = +

y ✗ ✗ is a constant

2
jz -

✗ I I
= +
( dy) / l )
×
try ya
2
Jz ✗ 2y
= +

by ya ×

Find the Partial derivative of the function with respect to

2. given ×

&
✗ 92 * × is a variable
z = +

y ✗ y is a constant

)
=) (2×111)+-92/1
82

2
Jx ✗

2
22 2x y
=

2
2x Y ✗

Derivative of Parametric Equations

examples :

Find y given
'
1-
,
that ✗ = t , y
= t -
l t when y =
2

a. 172 b. 152 C. 154 d.

"
4

t 2
✗ = t =
✗

l 2
I * when y= /2
y
-
-
t -

= ✗ _

t
✗ ✗ 1=2 ,
✗ z
=
-0.293 , ✗z =
-1.707

'
-
I (1)
y =
2 , _ = ✗ × +
2 2
✗ ✗

1 17
=L / 2) + =
4
22

* another solution :

"2 l -42 when y

=
%
t = t y=t t t
-
=
-

✗ =

t "
72
"

= t -

t ; -4=4
DX " d" -312

at
=
f- É at
= I -
-

tg t

dy dy dt
=

at d✗dt

=
1+21+-3/2 =
17

-42
It 4

2 . Given that 9=21-+5 and ✗ = 3-12+-1 .

Find y
'

when ✗ = 2

25 25
'
9

By
a. b. C. 5 d. Both A

23 2-1-15 3-12+-1
=
✗ = when ✗ = 2 it ,
=
ta = I
,

dy DX
=L
-

-
let -11
At at
 dy dy at 2
= =

DX d✗dt 61-+1

2 2
* t ,
= I * t2=
g- g-

Limits of a Function

Indeterminate Forms :
,
% ,
X -
X
,
0° ,
0. x ,
@
°
, 10

examples
:

'
2- 4
1. Evaluate / im
✗ a . 0 C. 4

✗ → -2 ✗
2
-14
b. 1 d. does not exist

check : ✗ =
-2

2
2- 4 " "

& 0
= = =
0

-22+4 4 -14 g

2. Evaluate / im ✗
3-
27 a. 0 c. 32
→ -2
92
✗ 2-
✗ 9 b. d. does not exist

check : ✗ =3

33 -27 0

i '
-

' indeterminate
32 -
g o

*
solution 1 :
by manipulation
3-
* recall : ✗ y3= ✗ -

y ✗
2+✗y+y2

✗ -3 ✗ 2+3×+9 27 9
= =

6 2
✗ -3 ✗ +3

* solution 2 :
L' Hospitals Rule

Flx )
'
*
Iim f- (a)
=

glx)
✗→ a
g. (a)

3×2 27 9
= =

2x 6 2

* Solution 3 :
by calculator

3-
✗ 27 ✗ =
3.00000001 9 .

CALC Or =

2- q 2
✗ ✗ = 2. 9999999

3. Evaluate / im a. zero c. indeterminate

✗ →
0 ✗
b. undefined d. does not exist

check : X :O

1 Calc :
any value that approaches ze ro
= indeterminate
◦
different value ,
different limits

i. limit does not exist no limit

4. Evaluate Iim
sink a. 0 c. 3.05

✗ →
0 2
✗ b. I d. does not exist

* calc solution :

✗ = 0.000001

i. limit =L
 Applications :

Differentials 9 Relative Error

"2
1. If y = ✗ what is the approximate changes from 8 to 8.02 ?
,

diff of value of function when × changes from the value given

range
.

a. 0.04521 b. 0.5662 C. 0.08485 d. 0.07 701

3/2
y = ✗

'
dy 3 2
: ✗
da 2

3 "
dy :
✗ dx > 8 8.02=0.02
2

-218%
3
dy :
0.02 = 0.0845

Slope of a curve

line

°
slope

constant

slope

%
dy
slope :

DX
{ DX

2- Find the slope of the curve 4×2+3×9 -1292--5 at 1

,

" "
711 d.
-

b. C.
-

a. y 7 11

4×2+3×9 -12yd = 5

dy dy
8×+3 × +
Y ' +
ay = °
dx da

when ✗ = 1
, y =/

DY dy
8 / 1) +3 (1) + ' I +4 , = °
dx da

DY dy
8+3 1-3-14 = °
dx dx

d' "

79¥ =
-

n
; DX
=

3. Find the equation of the line normal to the curve 4y : ✗ 3+2×2 -

4×+5 at 2 ,
-1

4y : ✗ 3+2×2 -
4×+5

normal m =
3×2+4×-4
'

4y
,
m :
line

when ✗ =L I
y
= -

• ,

2) 2+4 (2)
=3 /
,
-4 '

dy y I y =
-4
tangent , m : 4
line da

I Y Yi
-

m = =

4 ✗
-
× ,

Y C- 1)
4-
-

✗ -

(2)

+2 -14 +49+2=0
✗ =
4y ✗
-
?⃝
 4. Find the point on the curve y : ✗ +1 whose tangent line is perpendicular to the line 4 ✗ +
y =3

a- 2.3 b. 3.2 c. 3 -2 . d. 2 -3,

42
Y ✗ +1 = ✗ I * perpendicular line
↑
: +

m=
-

↑
,
:

-42 m = -4
4×+9=3 dy I
✗ + I
•
dx =L *
tangent line
-
I

1 I 2
"
I dy
=
✗ + I M = = =

g 2 4 4 dx

✗ =3
.
: 3,2
y = 2

Maxima minima

i.
Identify the item to be maximized or minimized .

2. Express an equation for that item in one variable .

3. Differentiate that equation then equate to 0 .

* critical points ,
either highest or lowest point . slope =o=&¥
4. Solve for that variable

5. Divide the number 120 in two parts such that the product P of one part and the square of the

other is maximum .
What is the maximum value of P .

a. 256000 b. 216000 C. 286000 d. 243000

1. Identify :
P = product maximum

2. Express : ×
P=xy2
120
2
y p =
120 -

y y

✗ +
y =
120 P =
120yd -

y3
✗ = 120 -

3. Differentiate :

JP
=
240g -

392=0
jy

4. Solve :

Y, =
80 X, = 40

}
,

crit . Points
92=0 '
✗ 2=120

P 256000 P2 0
'

= =
,
. .

6. A window is in the shape of a rectangle ,

surrounded by a semi -
circle . If the perimeter of

the window is 20ft ,

what is its maximum area ?

a. 24 b. 26 c. 28 d. 30 D

µ
i. Identify :
Area of window maximum
H

2. Express :
& "
-

¥
¥1T
D
A =D H -
+

☐
* perimeter =D -12 H -

2
+
£ ITD = 20

ITD
D 20 - -
D Norman window
2
H -

=
2 2

"☐ 2
20 D *☐
- -

2
A = ☐ +

2 8

D2 ITD
2 ITDZ ☐
ʰ
ITDZ
A = IOD - ,
+ =
IOD - ,

2 4 g 2 8
 3. Differentiate :

01A •☐ IT /2D )
10 0
-

= -
=

¢, 2 g

4. Solve H 5.6
* for nor man window
:
D= 5 .
6 ,
=

& 2 maximum
(+ '
6) IT / 5. 6) area

( 5. 6)
2
A = 10 - - =
28ft
width
2 8 height =

solution in Don H
* another finding
P = 20

D
D -12 H -

2
+
b- ITD = 20

* It =D

4-
D
D -12 D
- + IT D= 20 ; D= 5. 6ft
2

7. A sheet of paper for a poster is be 18ft

2
The at the top and bottom
to in a re a .
margins

are to be 9in wide . and at the sides 6in . What should be the dimensions of the sheet to

maximize the printed a re a ?

a. 2 3×3 3 b. 4 3 ✗ 1.5 3 C. 3×6 d. 3 2×3 2

✗
i. Identify :
A print maximize
"
9
2. Express :
A print = ✗ -12
"

y -

18
"
=
✗ -
I
'

y
-
1.5
'

* A- poster -_ ✗
y =
18
'
; y =/ % printed
,
y y -18
area
'
18 '

A- print = ✗ -

, -
1.5
✗
"
9

3. Differentiate : 6
"
✗ -12 6
"

DA 18 18
=
✗ -
, _
, -
I -5 I = 0
2
✗ ×
DX

4. Solve :
✗ ,
=
2 3 ,
Yi = 3 3 i. A print =
2 3 -
I 3 3
-

1.5 =
9.11ft ?

✗2 = 2 3

8. A cylindrical container with circular base is to hold 64in ? Find its height so that the amount

surface area required is a minimum when the container is an open can .

D
a. 2.73in b. 1.37in c. 4.34in d. 2.17in

i. Identify :
Amount of material surface a re a minimize
It

2. Express : SA =
ITDH + ¥ ,
D2

IT 256
* volume = D2H =
64 ; H =

4 HD2

256 " 256 IT * open can :

SA =
XD + D2 = + D2
, 4 D 4
µ, For minimum SA volume
given
3. Differentiate :
D=2H

DSA 256 " try

:
it &
= + 213=0 2h It = 64
2 4 4
DD ☐

4. Solve :
D= 5.46 ,
H = 2.73 H : 2.73in

* closed can :

For minimum SA volume

given
D= H
 ×
9. Find the minimum value of ✗

a. 0.6930 b. 0.6925 c. 0.6922 d. 0.6921

✗
1. Identify :
✗ minimum

✗
2. Express :
y = ✗ * try back solve ,
mode 6

×
3. Differentiate : thy = In ✗ 0.3 to 0.5 , 0.01

thy = ✗ In × ✗ = 0.36 , 0.37

dYd× '
f( ✗ ) :O .
6922
= ✗ + In ✗ I =0

y ✗

4. Solve :
✗ = 0.3679

✗
y =
✗ =
0.6922

10 The speed of the traffic flowing certain downtown exit between the hours of 1:00 PM
past a
.

and 6 00PM is approximately 11=-13-10.51-2+30 -1+20 miles per hour , where t =

number of hours

past noon .
At what time between 1:00PM and 6 00PM is the speed of the traffic fastest ?

a. 2:00 PM b. 3:00 PM C. 4:00 PM d. 5:00 PM

Identify Speed maximum check 9 min

for point
: *
i. Max

2. Express : 11--1-3-10.5 t
2
-130T -120 get y
"

,
t minimum oh -

maximum

" ''
3. Differentiate : y let -21 when t=2 y
=
-9
;
:
,

''
dv t=5 , y = 9
= 31-2 21T -130=0
At inflection
* when y
''
= 0 , point of

4. Solve : ti = 5 , V1 =
32.5 mph minimum is neither
point

-12=2 , 112--46 mph maximum above nor below

•
it =
2 hrs past noon ,
2:00PM the curve

11 . A manufacturer can produce a commodity at a cost of 72.00 per unit . At a selling price of 75.00 . each

consumer has been buying 4,000 pieces a month for each price . 71.00 increase in the price , 400 fewer

pieces will be sold each month . At what price a piece will the total profit be maximized ?

a- 79.50 b. * 8.50 C. * 7.75 d. 79.50

i. Identify :
total profit maximize

2. Express :
Profit = sales cost

sales cost * ✗ = no of times

75.00 unit 72.00 unit 1

Php is increased

1
+
Php 400 units

*
initially :
Profit = 5 4000
-

2 4000

* w increase :
profit =
5+1 ✗ 4000-400×-2 4000 -

400 ✗

3. Differentiate :
dp
: 5+1 ✗ -400 +
4000-400×11 ) -
2 -400
¢ ,

4. Solve : ✗ = 3.5

i.
selling price = 5+1 / 3. 5) = 8.50

12 . Find the minimum distance from the point 4,2 to the parabola y2=8✗

a. 32 b. 3 3 C. 2 3 d. 2 2

1. Identify :
distance minimum
✗
if Y2=8✗
d
2. Express : D= ✗ -42 +
y
-
22
• 4,2

y2=8✗ ✗ =
%
:
:
 2
2
92 2
D=
g-
4 +
y
-
22 %) -
4 +
y
-
22

"

Differentiate : •
"

3. dd
¥ %
2
I y2
y -22 2 +2 y -2 O
= I =
a
+ -

a
dy 2 g-

92

dd
2
g-
4
% +2 Y -2 I

= = 0
'

dy 2 2
y2 y
2 -4
+
y -

y
8

4. Solve :
9=4 , ✗ =L

2
d :
2- 4) +
4-22 =
2 2

* alternative solution :

d2= ✗ -42 +
y
-
22
2
012 y2
: -
4 +
y
-
22
g

* implicit differentiation

"
dd Y
ad
dy
= 2
g-
4
2¥ + 2 y -2 I

* since dddy = 0

y2
2
g-
4
% + 2 y -2 = 0

9=4

13 .
A
triangle has a base of 24m and an attitude of 18m .
A
rectangle is inscribed in it such

that its base coincides with the 24m base .

Determine the largest area of the rectangle .

a. 118 b. 108 c. 90 d. 135

18 -

1. Identify :
A = maximum 18m

y
2. Express : A = ✗
y
,

*
by rdnp : similar s
24m

✗ 24 4
✗ =
=
; 18 y
-

18 y -

18 3

4 4
A =
18 y ya
y =
18g
-
-

3 3

3. Differentiate : DA 4
=-3 18 -2g = 0

dy

4. Solve :
y=q

A =
108 m2

* alternative solution :

Rectangle inscribed in a
triangle
* for maximum dimensions of
area of rectangle given triangle

y
✗ =
by ,
y :
hey
✗

concavity
Given a function y = f- (x )
 "
If f × . 0 for some ✗ = ×
,
on the curve ,
then the curve is concave upward on that particular point .

Otherwise it is c o n c ave downward .

'
3×3 2×2-6×+8
'
14 .
Given the function f- (a) = +
.
Which of the following is true ?

'
a. the curve is con caving upward for the interval ×
-

'
b. the is for the interval
curve con caving upward ×
-

C. the curve is con caving upward for the interval -3 ✗

2

d. the curve is con caving downward for the interval -3 ✗

2

f ✗ =
13×3+12×2 6×+8

' 2
f (x ) = ✗ + ✗ -

6=0

crit points ✗ = -3 21.5

:
y =
.

, , ,

✗
2
= 2 , 92=23
"
f (x ) = 2×+1=0

'
Pt .
of inflection : ✗ = -

* to check Max 4min value use f

"
(x )
point of
•

iµ
"
when : × , =-3 ; f ( x) = -

5 max

"
×
,
= 2 ; f / ✗) = 5 min

.
:B 3 2 2

Velocity 9 Acceleration

s instantaneous : as
✗ =
µ ,

t at

V
:D
"
a :
a
t at

Spaceship William ✗
15 .
is approaching touchdown on planet Bartz at height y meters and time t seconds

given by 9=100 -100-1+241-2 . Determine the speed of the spaceship William ✗ as it lands of the sur face

of Bartz -

a. 50ms b. 100ms c. 25ms d. n on e in list

11 = ? when y=o

9=100 loot -1251-2

dy
-

y :
= °
-

100 -150T
at
•
Planet Bartz
11=-100 + tot speed y :O

when y=o ,
t = ?

+25-12=0 ;
Y 100 loot t 2 11=-100 to 2) 0
= - =
+ =

time Rates

16 .
From the same starting point ,
a snail and a turtle run at the same time in perpendicular

directions for 3 kph and 4 kph respectively . How fast is their distance changing after 2 hrs ?

DL
at

L L2 2
snail
y
= ✗ +
y2
3
kph

DX
dbx
- dL
2x
21 +2g at
=

at at
turtle 4kPh
?⃝
 * recall :
D= r t

✗ = rt =
412 ) = 8km dy da
=3 kph ; = 4 kph
312 ) at at
y :
rt 6km
=
=

12 :
82+62 ; L= 10km

dL DX
21
at
= 2x
at
+ 2ydI
at

dL
210 =L 8) 4 +2 6 3
at

dL
= b- kph
dt

17 .
A man ,
1.6m tall is walking on a horizontal street at 3 kph away from a vertical street light ,
3m

high .
How fast is the length of his shadow increasing when he is 2m from the street light .

019
at

✗ =
dist .
of man from street light

y =
length of the shadow

3m
*
by rap similar s

y ✗ +
y 1.6
=
3hpm
1. 6 3

dYdt d×dt +
Mdt #
=

1. 6 3

dYdt 3 +
Mdt dy
= ; = 3.43 Kph
1. 6 3 at

18 .
A man ,
1.6m tall is walking on a horizontal street at 3 kph away from a lamp post ,
3m high .

He is
approaching a vertical wall . How fast his shadow is raising on the wall when he is 2m

from The is 5m from the wall

away the wall .

lamp post .

ay
at
N

*
by rap similar s 1
,

5- ✗ 5 3m
=

1. 6 -

y 3 -

y 1.6

5- ✗ 3 -

y = 5 1.6 -

y
•

5- ✗
dy
+ 3- y
dx
= 5
d"
# 5- ✗
at at at

* when he is 2m ✗ =3
away from the wall ,

✗ =3 y = ?
,
d" dy
5- 3
at
+ 3- } 3 = 5
5- ✗ 3 y 5 1.6 y ; 23 at
-

=
y
-

dy
= +2.33 Kph
at

A
19 .

battleship is 1.5km from a

straight shore .
It is
targeting an enemy troop running along the

shore at 4 Kph .
How fast is the gun of the battleship rotating when the troop is 500m from

the point on the shore nearest to the battleship in revolutions per hour ? ✗

d⊖dt

µ
4 kph

• " em "

troop
•
ET
• ✗ ° -5
- '
tan D- = ⑦ = tan
✗ , , ,
1.5
×

±
, )0- rad :O =
0.3128rad
•
BS 1.5
point nearest
to
battleship
deg :
D- = 18.435°
 ×
tan o- =

I. 5

DX
DO dᵗ d×
gec2q • = ; = 4 kph ,
✗ = 0.5km
at 1.5 dt

*
using degree

d⊖ 4 do rad
sect 18.435° 2.4
t.si
• = =

dt at hr final
* a n swe r is in rad

since it became
*
using radian unit less

d⊖ 4 do told
2
Sec 0.3218 • =
; =
2.4
dt 1. g at hr

do rad " " ✓

revolt
2.4 =

hr
✗

21T rad
= 0.382
hr

20 A 5ft walks of is
man tall at rate 4ft s
directly away from street light that 20ft
.

a a

above the street A what ?

.
rate is the tip of his shadow moving
dY
at

*
by rap similar s

DX
4ft =
y × y g
-

=
dt

5 20 20
ft
¥
dydt _

d✗dt
=
dYdt
5 20 tip of shadow

go
y
-

×
⑦↳ 16 ft
=
5.33 =

3 S y
dt

21 . A ladder 20ft long lean against a house . Find the rates at which the top of the ladder is moving
downward if its foot is 12ft from the house and moving at rate of 2ft s
away a .

✗
2 +
y2 = 202 * ✗ = 12 , did -1=2
122 +
y 2=202 ; y = 16
di
2x +29 = o
di
y 20ft
d"
2112)(2) +2116) at
= °

dy 3
= ft s = 1.5ft g
2
at

22 A boy is flying a kite at a height of 150ft If the kite moves horizontally from
away the boy
. .

kite him ?
at 20ft
s ,
how fast is the
string being paid out when the is 250ft from

"
" + " " ""
°

dL DX
21 + 2x = °
at at
150
L
dL
21250 +2 (200/20)=0
at

OIL
at
= 16 ftg

d✗
1=250 , ✗ = 200 ,
=
20
at
 Flow Rate

Volume dv
① = =

time at

23 }
.
water is being withdrawn from a conical reservoir 3ft in radius and 10ft deep at 4ft min .

How fast is the surface falling when the depth of the water is 6ft ?

'

*
by rap similar s DV 31T DY
✗
=
3yd at
✗ dt µ,
- 3 39
= > ✗ =

' 10 y 10
du
3min
10
# 6
=
Q =
4 , y =

at
y

2
3" DY
b- %
2

*
4- (a) ( y) 4 =

100
3 6)
at

* pointed solid :
11=13 ABH
31T dy ft
✗= y3 =
0.393
✗(
liquid )
=
} ABH 100 at min

y =
§ 17×2 y

* alternate solution

Q =
ay 2 dy
4 = IT 1. g)
at
y =
6 ,
✗ =
1.8

dy
= 0.393ft min
at

}
24 .
Water is flowing at a constant rate of 125.664cm min in a hemispherical bowl with radius

20cm If the
height of is 0.196cm min what is the height of the water at
.
water increasing at ,

this instant ? dYdt Y

R =
20cm

17h2
✗= 312 -

h
20 3

17h3
Ith 212 2
¥
3
✗ = _
=
201T y y
g

* volume
liquid dv
dy " DY
= 201T / Ly 3yd
base dt at z dt
= one spherical

"
segment 125.664--204 2y 0.196 ) 3
3yd 0.196

y ,
= 34cm

Ya = 6cm *
should be less than 20

* alternate solution

R
2=202
=
20cm
Q = AV X2 +
20 -

125.664--17×2/0.196) 12.2462 + 20 -

y 2=202
20
✗ =
14.246cm D= 6cm
,

25 A conical frustum base radii

.

tank has upper and lower base of 2m and 6m respectively

and height 3m .
It is being filled with water at a rate of 1.2 Ccs . How fast is the water raising
when it is half filled ? half the volume
dY
at

h
\/ =
At +
A2 -1 At A2
frustum
3 3
y

6
?⃝
 *
by rap 2

3
④ (2) 2) ( IT / 6)2)
& 2
11 tank IT 2) -11T 6) -1 =
521T
=3 3- y 3

2×-4
=

8 3
✗
Y
/ 6) 2+(17×2) / 6) 2)
& y
✗ It ✗ + IT / IT
liquid =3 3
"

\ \
•
y :3 _
2×-4
3 8
3- (2×-4) 521T
g
17×2-1 IT / 6) 2+(17×2) / IT / 6) 2) =

2 * Or
g mode 3- 2 :
y : 4.5 -

0.7517

6
✗ =
4.82 , y = 0.885 0
GB
A
' reg ,

2 3

4.59
/ 6) 2+(17×2) / IT / 6) 2)
2
✗ IT ✗ + IT ; ✗ =

liquid =3 0.75

2 2
Y 4.5g 4.5g
✗
liquid =3
p
0.75
+361T -1 p
o .
> g-
( 361T

IT & 4.5 y
-

" =
2
Y 4.5 -

9) +
1211-9-12 My * not yet finished
g o > g- . o.gg

* alternate solution ( limited to the flow streamline speed of cross-section

Volume
Q =
= a re a •
velocity
time

dy
Q=Av :(* ✗ 2) ( dt

DY dY
1- 2 = IT 4.822 ; = ° -
01644 Cmg
at dt

INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Integration functions

fdu :/ dlu)=u -1C

fadu
-
_

a / du -
-

au -1C

Un
"

lundy :

n -1 ,
+ C

examples :

1. If -12g 4y3)dy -
2 .

↑ -3
✗ -2 da recall :

✗ =

{
✗ ✗ 0

=
/ dy -112yd y -

/ 4y3dy ✗ -2=0 ; ✗ =L boundary

✗ ✗ 0

y4 @
%
× ≥2 ( + ) tune
-

+2 ¢ C
y
+
=
4
@ ✗< 2 f) func

2 4
=
y -1yd y
't
+ C ¢ & & &

/ =/ §/
-

✗ ✗
✗ -2 da (✗ 2) dx
-
+
✗ -

a) dx : 2x + 2x
-3 -3 2 2
-
3 2

" 2 2
22 3 4 2 29
= 22 2-3 +
24 22 =

y 2 2
2 2

Integration of Exponential Functions

d / au ) -
_

a
"
◦
Ina •
du
:c
"

Jeudy
"
+ C- -
e -1C
/ d /a / "
=/ aulnadu Ine

au Ina / a "du a
"

faudu
-

i. = +
C
Ina
 examples :

3 .

I !4^d✗ 4 .
/ e3 "
"

du =/ e.
"
du u : 3×+1 ,
du -301A
-

2
qx
I !4'dx= 1h4
,
=

, / e "du da :D
;
" '
4 4
;
'

; e'
✗ +
= _ '
8.656 =
e' + c. = +
C
1h4 Ing

Integration of trigonometric Functions

fdlsinu) / cosudu :

sinu-fwsudufcosudu-si.nu + C fsecudu __
In secuttanu + C
"

/ sinudu :
cosy -1C / cotudu = In cscu + ( =
In cscu + C- _
In sinu + C

/ tanudu : In secu + C / cscudu :

In cscutcotu + C

examples :

5. / Sinha
f
* recall
* recall 6
cot2✗ dx
:
2- . I -
:

da
01-20-11
=/ 2d✗ fcotlxdx -
( : ( scat 3 cosy , sink -1 Cosa ✗ =/

=/ Lda / csc2x
=/
-
-
I DX costs
dx
=/ 2dg fcsidxdx / da - -1 * recall : 3cos2✗

3×-1 ) C dlcotu )= csc2udu

-

cotx

=/ D;
= +
'
-

= + C
=3 ✗ + cotxtc z

Integration Techniques :
Algebraic substitution

examples :

"
7
/ +2014 DX 2014

f
UDU 8 ✗ ✗ ✗ +2014 ✗ U
-
=
+2 U
-
_

=L
'

✗ . ,

✗ =2U 2 y = ' du dx
=/
5
2 "
2u -

2) u -2014 ) (a) du DX
-
-
du

=/ u '3du 12014412014

1×+2
Lax 414
/
2 " °
✗ + & ↳
= = d✗ =
2014 + C
, 4 s ,, 13
✗
,

"

/
"

/
✗ +2014 ✗ +2014
×
= 01×-1 DX = 20,4 + C
4 ✗ g- , is 13

1×-40×+2 /
-

"
= ✗ da
¢

-3 '
"
✗ ✗
= +2 + C
4
-

g -

= +
C
-

4 3×3 2×4

=
C
3×3+2×4
+

Integration techniques :
trigonometric substitution

"
ah b. 2×2
ab 92 ab
'
set ✗ =
Sino B2 Sino =
a a' sin 20

'
=
a l sin 't

= a2 cos 't =
a cost
 "
921 b. 2×2 set ✗ =

ab tant 921b£ Ab tant = 921 a2tan2f

'
=
a II tan 20

=
a 2sec 't = a sect

"

b. 2×2 ah set ✗ =

ab sect b2 ab sect a2 = a' sea 20 a2

=
q2 see 't I

= a2tan2f =
atanlt

examples :

9. / ✗
2
I -

✗
2
DX * recall :

A2 b. 2×2

ah = 1 ,
b. 2=1 1 ✗
"
=ˢi^&ᵗ
✗ = sin -0
a =
I b = I , DX = [ 050-010
✗ :
absino

1×2 I ✗
2
dx =/ sin 20 I sin 't

c o s o - d t-fs i n 2 0 - c o s 2 0 - C O S O - d o -fs i n 2 0 - c o s 2 0 - d o -fs . i n t

-
-

cost 2010 * recall : double angle

sin 20=2 sint cost

=/ sin20-2d =/
Sinko
do =L, / sin220dQ
2 4

COS 20 = 2 sin 20 COS 40=1-2 sin 220

/
cos 40
=L,
1
010
2

4=40
=
"8 / d0-fcosqo-a.io dU=4dO- dug =d0-

=
8 0 / cosudu

'

basin
_ ' '
sin 40--1 C sin
-

=
⊖ = ✗ 4 sin ✗ + C
g ,
<
g

-1×2
/ 24
"° "

I
DX
✗ / + ✗ 2) 92=1 b' =/ ✗
,
=
tano

sect -0010 :sec20d0

/
a =L b = I da
=

tanto lttan 't * recall :

=/ C. 01-20-00 I +
tan2t=sec20-

=
/ CSC&f / DO 1+001-20 : csc 20

=
coff -

f + C

' '

tan C
_ _

= cot ✗ tan ✗ +

Integration Techniques : By Parts

fduv =/ udvtfvdu
Uv
=/ Uav fvdu +

/ udv= Uv -

fvdu
 examples :

11 .

/ seixdx =
fsecx •
Secada u
-

_
sect dv=sec2✗d✗

seclitanxftanxsecxtanxdx
secxtanxdxv-tanx-secxtanxfsec.at
= du -_

anᵈ✗dA * recall :

secxtanx-fs.ec/sec2x-1dx

tan2x-1-sedx-s.ec/tanx-fsec3xdx+fsecadx2fsec3xdx--Secxtanx-
=

In

secx-itanxdx-csec3xdx-secxtanx-lns.ec/+tanxdx+C
2

12 . / ✗
•
sinldx = ✗
•
cosx / cosy 2✗d✗ U
-

_
✗
2
du
-
_
sinxdl

=
✗
'
cost 12 / ✗ COSXDX du=2✗d✗ V = COSX

✗ dv
u cosxdx
-
_
:

du dx sins
-

v :

=
✗
'
cost -12 ✗ sins
/ sinxdx
'
= ✗ cost -12 ✗ sinx 2 cost + C

Integration Techniques : Partial fractions

highest degree of numerator should be less than the highest degree of the denominator

examples :

f
13 .
2×2-1×+1 2nd
degree A B C
¢, = + +

✗ -
I ✗ +2 ✗ +1 3rd degree ✗ -

I ✗ +2 ✗ +
I

* Residue method :

2×2-1×+1 2×2-1×+1 7 2×2-1×+1

@ ✗ =\ ; 17=2 @ ✗ =
-2 ;B= @ ✗ = -1 ; c. =
-

I
3 ✗ I ✗ I 3 ✗ I ✗ +2
✗ +2 ✗ + + -
-

/ /
£3 '

f
3
= d✗ + ①✗ + DX
✗
✗ -

I ✗ +2 + ,

U=✗ -1 U= ✗ +2 U :X -11

du -_ DX du=d✗ du=d✗

/ /
£3
=

u
du +
f} du -1

u
du

:} In ✗ -

I +
} In ✗ +2 In ✗ + I + C = In ✗ -123 + In ✗ +2% In ✗ + I + C

✗ -
I
<3
✗
+2>3
= In "
+ C
✗ + ,

\ ,g×ˢ
14 long division
:
3rd *
degree
'

d"
, , y 2nd degree ✗ -
I

✗ 2-1×-6 ✗
3

✗ 3-1×2-6 ✗

✗ 2+6 ✗

2- ✗ +6
✗
-

7×-6

| =/
3
✗ 7×-6
da ✗ -

, + d✗
✗ +3 ✗ 2 ✗ +3 ✗ 2
 =/ /(
B
* Residue
A 8
✗ -101×-1 , d' ; a =
, B =

5
✗+ , ✗ -2 method

=/ /¥ -1/85
5

× -101×-1 dx ax
, ✗ -2

2
✗ 27 8
= ✗ +
In ✗ +3 + In ✗ -2 +
C
y g- g-

Applications :

Equation of curves

15 . A cur ve passes through the point 0 , -6 and has a slope of 6×3 0.1935 . Find the equation of the curve .

y :-( ( x ) 0 , -6 part of the solution

0
slope m tant dy -6
-
- = ,

= 6×3-0.1935
a,
6=604
m
dy '
dy
=
Y 0 + 0.1935 0 1- C
d,
/ dy =)
<
da
6×3-0.1935 DX ,

6×4 C. =
-6
y , 0.1935×-1 C
4 6×4
y = 0.1935 ✗ 6
4

16 . A body moves such that its acceleration as a function of time is a = 4.8-1+1 ,

where t is in minutes and

is in min ? Its Find its

a m
velocity after 1 minute is 12m min .
velocity after 2 minutes .

a 4.81-+1 11=12 @ -1min

yids
= m min t
-

11
s
A
:D "
:
;
t dt at ?
v= @ t
-
•
2min

* another
du solution :

at
= 4. 8-1-11
fav =/ 4.81-+1 dt
@ t
" &

/
2min

=/
-
•

du 4. 8-1-11 dt
4. 8th 4. 8 22 12 I

y = + t +
C y , +2 -113.4
2 2 &

4. 8 I
&
11=5.8 m min
4- 12
=/ I
4. 8-1-11 dt

12 : + + C
2 y =
6.2-112=5.8 m min

C = 13.4

Area

DX

I
IDA :/ ydx Y b_ / dA=
/ ✗
dy
✗ "
IT
:/ byd =/
•

1
×'

A , A ✗ dy
✗a
""" dy Ya
×
Yu
× ×
"" "
,

:| :|
,
YL
A A
Yu Yi DX ya_•
✗r Ady
✗a Ya

Plane Areas in Rectangular coordinates

18 Find the bounded by the +29=0 , and

area curves y ✗ ✗
2×+9=3
-

. _

, ,

Y=✗ y=✗ ; y =3 2x 2x ; ×
y =3 y = 2
- -

+ y,

✗ =3 -

2x
• 1. I 3 2x =
2
✗
35=3
• Ey :
is 93
dx
✗ / / ✗ =L D= I
y =
-

;
=
,
dx 2 ,
-
I
•
92

✗ -129=0
2×+9=3
?⃝
 I 2 "

=) f. =)
&

/
3
A Yi -1
Ya DX 1- Y, Y, DX ✗ + -
✗ dat ✗ I 3 2x dx = = 1-542
2 2 2
0 I 0 I

19 . Find the area bounded by the curves , y=2e2✗ , y :3 , y :3

-

5e× ,
and ✗ = 0

✗ = 0
"b

/ =/
:3
y
y :3 sex A- =
ydx Yu y,
-

da
-

• 0.2 y=2e2✗ ; 9=3 -

5e× ✗a

↑
" 0

=/
•

,
Le =3 -

5e×
y=2e2× A 2e2✗ 3 5e
"
dx
✗ = -0.69314718
0.69314718

y -0.5
-

• ° ,
-2
17=1.17055845842

20 -
Find the area bounded by the curves , y
= cost -11 , y=x ,
✗ = 0 ,
✗ =L

✗ =D ✗ =L

dx A=ydX * should be in

y=x
!
"

Jj
rod due

=/
r mode
A-
y Yu -

Yi DX =
cosx -11 ✗ da
- o to the trig .

cost -11
Y
-

17=1.341542 function
IT

Centroid By Integration

✗ c

✗
I Atx :[ Ax dA=Yd✗ A ,-y= -2 Ay
cg•
• y
I Yz
a,
ATI :/ dAXe DA =
Yt
-

YB DX
Ayj :/ DA Yc Yc :L + YB

% Yc ✗ c- ✗

=)
_

y Yt YB YT YB Yt +
YB
YB Ayy da ya , + ypg =

v
Atx =/ ✗ DA 2
2 2

:{
✗R
✗c + ×, DA = ✗ dy
✗c

✗R ✗i ✗R + ✗2 DA =
✗ ✗, dy
¥ r
-

/ / dy ✗, = + ✗ ,
=
✗L
2
✗
2
g
Ayy =/ ydA
Yo=y

/
✗R + ×'
A- 1- ✗ = da
2

*
Strip is parallel to the axis *
strip is perpendicular to the axis

/ / 9+2%3
✗• + ×'
A- 1- ✗
=/ ✗ 01A
Ayy =/ ydA A- 1- ✗ =

2
DA A ,_y= da

Centroid of Plane Areas

21 .
What is the centroid of the area bounded by the curve y
- sins from × :O to ✗ = IT

✗c

✗' = ×
YB Jinx
ᵈ✗ Yt +
YT =

y=sin✗ y, , ;

ye
I At ✗
=/ ✗ DA i dA=yd✗ 2 YB =
O

"
I Yc
fdA= / sing "
°

/
-0 DX 0
° Yt +
YB
Ayy =
Yt -

YB d ✗
A- -
2yd 2
0
✗ =1T
✗ =D
"

=/
"

=/
l
2 ✗ ✗
c sinx -
O DX ay Yt&d✗
o 2
,

:|
"

2x =/ o
✗ sinx da
dy sin ✗
•
DX
2
,

IT
✗ =
4 y
= u
2
Inertia By Integration

*
Strip is parallel to the axis *
strip is perpendicular to the axis

:/ =/ YtˢgYBˢd✗ :| 1233×13
✗
In =/ y2dA Iy ✗ 201A [ ✗ Iy dy

Moment of Inertia Of Plane Areas

of inertia of the
22 . Find the moments triangle bounded by 3×+49=24 ,
✗ =0 , and y :O

! ✗ c=×

% 24-3×3
/
.
,
dx ±, , DX
, 4
i 3×+49=24
o

;y
• ✗ I✗ = 14444
0,8

3×+4 y = 24

Iy :/ ✗ 201A DA ydx Yt YB DX
=
: -

24 -
3✗
y Yt

:/
= =

2 24 31,
¢ ✗ d"
Iy 4

YB = 0

Iy -256
-

v4

23 .
Find lx and ly for the area enclosed by the loop of y2=✗2 2 ✗
.

°" 2 3

(
03

fy
y -3
2
3
,
✗ 2 ✗

±, ,
da =L da
y
g
2
2,0 y2 : ✗ 2- ✗ z
• •
0,0

y 22
0.83588 v4
:
✗ ✗
I
-

=
✗

/
3

for
Iy -1×20117=2 ✗
2
✗
2
2 ✗
03 dx
* use mode 7
0

Plotting the
graph Iy -4.5973 v4
-

Plane Areas in Polar Coordinates

A =L r2o-

7 '
↳ do
/ DA =/ { r2d0- A
=/ { radon
equation of curve

24 . What is the area within the curve r 2--32 cost ?

a. 60 b. 62 c. 64 d. 66

r2 symmetrical
* in
respect to both axes
try limits :O to 21T

[
"
some Points the limits will At
along
1g {
a total area can be divided into 4
A =
32,0g do = , 4
make the function undefined
0

" "" "

iii. iii.iii.iii.
" "
"" .

* mode 6 table ,
should be in degree mode for graphing

start 0° 90°
"
end 360°

step 30°

0°
180
#
3600
* another solution
-11
270°

/
* 90° D-
"
A- =L 32 cos 0-010 =
64 U2
error undefined 2

2
270°
Second Proposition of Pappus Theorem about volume

a volume of a solid can be generated based from the a re a of its cross section

V =
A 2 0 angle of revolution ,
if not given use 211

center of gravity of area to axis of revolution

plane area

25 .
The area enclosed by the curve ✗ 2+92--25 is revolved about the line ✗ 10=0 . Find the volume generated .

a. 4935 b. 4451 C. 4865 d. 5291

✗ 2+92=25 ① ✗ -10=0
2+92=25
,
10,5) ✗
@

circle 11=17 / 2) ( Q)

( IT (g) 2) ( lo) / 21T )

'° ' " 15.0)
✓ 2=25
1- + '
% • •
y =
2=10

C 0,0 11--493543
•

( o ,
-
8)
✗ = 10

26 The . area in the second quadrant of the circle ✗ 2+92=36 is revolved about the line y -110=0 .

What is the volume generated ?

a. 2228.8 b. 2241.2 C. 2472.1 d. 2521.5

/
✗ 2-192=36 2+92=36 4r 6
✗
2=10 + = 10+4
r= 6
31T 31T

•
4r
C O ,
O 31T ( 0,0)

,
* * (e) ( o)

① y -110=0
10 6) IT 62 4 6
(o,
-

y = 10 -1 21T
in 4
area the 31T

2nd quadrant y
:
-10
11=2228.9243

27 .
the area enclosed by the ellipse 4×2+992=36 is revolved about the line ✗ =3 .
What is the

volume generated ?

a. 370.3 b. 360.1 C. 355.3 d. 365.1

§ /
4×2+992=36 11=17 (2) ( Q)
"

" " " =

" ab 32 "
Y

4=36
+ " °

g •

• =
, ✗ =
, } , , a,

a :3 ,
b. =L 11=355.3 us

C 0,0 ✗ =3

Volume of a solid of revolution by integration

✓ =
A 2 0
;fdV=0- / 201A 11=0-1201 A

28 The
.
region is bounded by the curves y= ✗ ,
9=0 ,
✗ =/ , and ✗ =3 .
It is rotated about the y-axis .

Find the volume generated .

✗ c. = 2

✗
(
= 2 = ✗ 11=21-1 / ✗ yd✗ ¥
DX

11--217
/ I
✗
×
DX = 4tu3

✗ =/ ✗ =3
 29.The region is bounded by the curves x =
5y9-ys, and x= 0. It is rotated about the x-axis.

Find the volume generated.

·
0.5) v =
24] zd A
, , , ,

,
, , de
2i] y(x dy)
, .
x:

1: 2T5,
3c:2 =
Y
5y9-y3 dy

1:
325 += 981.75y3

30.The region is bounded by the curves y =x), and y=4X-X2. It is rotated about the line

x 4. Find the volume generated.

=

x = 4
12, 4)
·

4x-x&
c =
x
&
*

y =
x 3 = POI:
↑

(0,0) 2-4X x2 &

Fo
x x =
y 4x-x
-
=

2
x
y
=

x &-4x +39 = -

y + 2& 2x9-4x = 0

& x -z2= y 4 2xX-2 = G

x = 4
10,0)
3 :
4xx&
X2, 4 2x
= 0 i x-2 = 0

x =
0,
X: &

If
*
x 3 =
0 , y
=
4

Remember:
*

↑and
Y y aremeasured fromthese

1:21/&4x4x-x<x<dx=16tU3
x + 2
= 4

2 = 4 -X

Work -
Force distance

33. A conical tank left high and loft the top is filled with liquid that
across a
weighs
62.4pcf. How much work is done in pumping all the liquid at the top of the tank in ft-lb?
10

N: UVOl
12-y

Force: Weight of liquid: Udy

&A

dy
⑧

12
X
dwork: Udv (dist centroid up to the point eler. Where the
Y
contents will be pumped out

o
d): dAdy

2
8 =
62.4 10ft 3 &A: 1 x

by UP:

5 X

by "dy
5
x
I
=
Y dWork: 62.4 is 12-y
12 Y 12

I"3y"
2
DA: i)
y Jawork: 62.4 T 12vyee

Work= 18T20 I 16-f =58811 lb-ft

solid
another
*
solution using geometry
10

de i Work: Urol dist

759
12
12
work :
69.4 12
4

o
WorK= 187204 Ib ft
 another
*
common shape for work problems: hemisphere
out &
pumped

&
&A: 1x

: 10ft
dist
10 + R-Y
dV = d A dy

"+x&

·"
RC =
R-3

Xi

34. A force of 750lbs compresses a

spring into 12 inches from its original length of 15 inches. Find the

work done by compressing it into pinches from 12 inches.

4 50 0
b. 1185 3375
a. c. 8)4 525

"
Lo= 15

mmm F = <50
F = k X deformation WorK = F d
"

SaW= (<xdx
2 : 12 X

spring constant

750lb

w:Caxdx
= 1 15-18 limits: deformation measured
*
"
18

muun WORK? K = 2501 in from original length

"
9
N: 3375 16 in

Arc Length, S

dS dx9 2
by
"dx
= +
dy

.
O

dS = ↑ -(x)
dy ax

dS* = d x2 +
dye
ax2 E
dS = ↑ax by fly)
aY

Length of Plane Curves in Rectangular Coordinates

35. Find the are length of the given curve: y =

x"* from x:1 to x = &

"+ as "Ox
X = I
3 =
i dS = t

4x2 x =
2

It"s
3 G

To xi Sos:
I

dy= 1 a ax &x
ax

E
⑪Y ↓ ↓

&X
E
G 2x3
3:
33 y

36. Find for 3

the arc length of y= x3 x 0 X

I Sas= 9"
Sas="
'I 'I
9= 3
x 3 x = xe x's ex
x

2
ax I t

2x
x

2
ax
0.000 1

S: math undefined 3 =
3.45410
x's sx's
er ror u

dy: ox

Sas= 9"
'I
· use values close x
I t ax
'I
2x 2
dy x
to zero 0.00001
I

ax 2x 2
5: 3.46094 U

Length of Plane Curves in Polar Coordinates

dS9=dx< +
by
2

x,Y
X = v COS ds": d rcost" + ↓ rsint
·

v sint 2
y :
dr
p
Y dS= r9 + do
DO
A

X
 37 .
Find the arc length of ✗ =2cosO- + cos 20-+1 , y=2sin0- + sin 20 for 0 D- 21T
,

a. 8 b. 16 c. 4 d. 12

✗ =2C0S0- + cos 20-+1 sin 20

y=2sin0- +

DX : 2sin0- -
sin 20-2 do dy :L cost -100520-2 do

21T

:| 2sin0 20-2-12 cost 20-2

dos
¢52 25in -12 cos

=
164

Pappus Theorem I surface area is based from arc length

SA =
S 2 0

centroid of a rc to axis of revolution

arc
length
DSA :O / zds

Area of Surface Of Revolution By Integration

39 . Find the surface area of the curve y2+4✗=2lny from 0 y 3 rotated about the ✗ axis .

92+4=21^9

/
◦ y 3 £

①
fdSA= 21T y It
d"

dy
dy
✗ axis . 4×-2 / ny y2

.:z=y ✗ = 2 /
ny y2 3

517=211-1
¢ 2
I y
y / +
dy ; math e r ro r

Ly 2
da :/ 2
¢ y
Ly dy 0

%
/
'
1- Y 2
517=217 It dy ; math e r ro r
DX 1- YZ
I
Ly
¥
2

dy
,

4 y
dy =

hg =

2y * when
◦

0.00001 ⊖ 3

SA :
37.6991 42

* more simplified

/
2
492 -1 , -

yz
SA = 21T y dy
0 2y

517=1217--37.699142

40 .
Find the surface area of the curve 9--2 15 -

✗ from 0 ✗ 15 rotated about the ✗ axis .

y :L
× "
15

517=211-1
0 ✗ 15
_
£
2
'
2 Y It is -
✗
DX
15
☐ ✗ axis . 9=2 ✗
o

517=211-1*2
i. 2 =
y "
22
12
2 2
dy : 2 15 ✗ I DX 15 ✗ It is -
✗
DX

517=217%+2
dy ° "
2
= 15 -
✗ 15 ✗ It is -
✗ DX
g,

"ᵗ

/
15 -
✗ + I

517--217 2 15 -
✗
DX
,, -
×
◦

"

/
16 -

✗
SA -21T
-

2 1g -
✗
ax
0 It -
✗

"

517=211-1 O
2 16 -

✗ DX

SA =
1681T v2