* From xpertz

STATICS
Force Vectors

a. SCALAR is any positive or negative physical quantity that can completely be specified by imagnitude.
b. VECTOR is any physical quantity that requires both magnitude and direction for its complete description.

Fx FY FY * Caltech :

cost : Sint :
tanf =

F F F FX •
mode -1 :

7-
Fy
OH F×=FwsO-
v
Fy=Fsin0 FY Rec F. '
D- tan
'

F×
H ✓
•
mode -2 :

Fx
f- ✗ = F
D Fy=F D
1=2 -_F✗2+Fy2 F f = a + bi

adjacent opposite

Resultant of Forces

a. Algebraic Solution (VECTOR ADDITION) - all vector quantities obey the parallelogram law of addition
FZ * concurrent forces
F,
R Efx Rt
-01 :
-1 RY
②
R = 12×2-1 Ry2 OR =
fan -
D-p I
R×
IFy=Ry no rotation

v * non -
concurrent
H

*
F3

with rotation

b. Geometric Solution
cosine Law :

R = f- 12+1--22-21=11--2 COS 0-1+0-2

sine Law :

R Ft 1=2
= =

sin Sind
0 , -10-2 sin
@

examples :

1. Determine the resultant R of the three tension forces acting on the eye bolt. Find the magnitude
of R and the angle θx which R makes with the positive x-axis.
*
Caltech :
Mode 2
F, =

EFX 2- bi Eat
Rx a +
Ebi=EF✗tEFy
=
:

Fit
R
Rx=20sin30 -185in 45=15.657 KN ( it
Fly with respect
must be to ✗

* limitation :| unknown

Efy =
Ry R = EF f

R f- 0-1+1--2 0-2+1=3
Ry LOWS 30-800545-4=7.664 KN 0-3
= =
I

* f. cwt ) ,
Ccw ( )
+

R =
15.6572+7.6642=17.47 kN 12=20 601-8 -45+4 -90

FLY FIX
R=R✗tRyi
Fry =

7.664 12=15.657-17.664 i
-1
F3= -0,2 :
fan = 26.08060
15.657 APPS 1 :
rLf =
17.43 26.08°
 2. The hook is acted on by three forces. the resultant is 90 kN acting along the positive x-axis.
Determine P and the angle
=F , EFX =
Rx *
Caltech :
Mode 2
Py
'

R×= Px -14000560-30=90 R = IF D-
Px

Px : 100 KN 1210-12--1=1 D- , -11--2 0-2 +

Fz 0-3
1=3 180 f- I
0-1=1210-12-1--2 0-2 -

Fz 0-3

90 0
12=90 kN EFy=Ry 40 -60 30 -180
= -
-

R×=9°
Ry Py 405m60 :O 100+34.64 i
=
: -

:O
Ry
105.83
Py 34.64 KN F -0 19.11
= =
, ,
Fzt
1=2
Fry

P =
1002+34.642=105.83 kN

-1 34.64 °
-0 = fan = 19 / /
.

100

3. Two cars on opposite banks of a canal pull a barge moving parallel to the banks by means of two
horizontal ropes. The tensions in these ropes are 200 kN and 240 kN, while the angle between them
is 60°. Find the resultant pull on the barge.
ty
1- y
" "" " " "
"" ° " "
=

" " ""

=
" " ° " " " "° "

#
ti °"
Ry -_
-21--9=200 since 0--173.21 kN
+✗
60°
0-2 0-2
40°
+×
240144--1=2 240 KN R =
3402+173.212 =
381.58 kN
\
240144--1--2

* alternate solution "

Using cosine law :

200 120°
240 12=2002+2402-21200) / 240) cos / 20

R R = 381.58km

4. A gusset plate is connected to three members as shown in the figure. If ϕ =30° and F1=3kN, determine
the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the plate.
* alternate solution :
"

ZF✗=R✗ -1-2=3144
"

Fry FZX
Rx : -45in 30+300530+5 ¥

µ
Rx -4.598
-

kN it

5
3

EFY :
Ry

Fat
Ry =
-400530 -135in 30
-
5
¥ 1--1--41<14

-4.964 kN
Fzy3 Ry=
"
12=4 -

(90+30)+3 301-5 -

tan 34

R =
12×2-1 Ry 2=6.766 kN 12--6.766 -47.192

0-12=47 192° below + ✗ axis

-

Space Forces :

D= ✗ 2+92+22

%
✗
Rx = R Ry : R 122=12
d d

Fy

Rx Ry R2
costs : costly =
cos Oz =

R R R
Fx
FZ
*
always cosine since the forces are always adj .
to the s
 examples
:

5. Determine the resultant of the three cable tensions that act on the horizontal boom if T1 = 900 lb,
T2 = 500 lb, and T3 = 300 lb.
✗
y z d

Ti -900lb
-

+3 -8 +4 89 3i -

8J -14k

1-2=500 / b -

4-8-14 46 -
ai -

8J -14k

1-3--300 / b 0 -8 -4 10 Oi -

8J -6k

EF✗=R✗

/ 3g
"
Rx -

_
900 -500 = 82.075lb
, 4 6

EFy=Ry
° 8
Ry = -900 -
500 -300 =
-1411.45lb
89 , 10

-21=2--122

-1 ② £075 " 4 6
✗ = cos = 86.801° 122=900 +500 -300 =
405.723lb
1470.89 , 46 µ

-1 -1411.45
Oy = cos = 16.345°
1470.89 R =
12×2+1292+1222 =
1470.89lb

-1 405.723
0-2 = Cos = 73.9880
1470 .gg

to incorporate the
* alternate solution :
Mode -8 ,
*
magnitude of force ,
= Force ✗ Vct ÷ Absllct magnitude

ti Vct A 3 -8 4 =
900 ✗ VCTA ÷ Abs / Vct A) store to A

1-2 1kt B -4 -8 4 =
500×1/ ctB÷ Abs / Vct B) store to B

T} Nctc 0 -8 -6
=
300 ✗ Nctc ÷ Abs / Vctc ) store to C

R = Abs Vct At Vct Bt Vctc

*
components : Rxi +
Ryj -1122k =VctAYctBVctc

* cos direction :
VctAns÷Abs( Vctltns) Rx Ry Rz
=

R R R

Moment of a Force

Varignon 's theorem

Mresultant =
Nlcomponents
F. d = f- ✗ y -

Fyx
 :
examples

8. The force system shown consists of the couple C and four forces. If the resultant of this system is
a 500m kN-m counterclockwise couple, determine P, Q and C.

EF✗=ZR✗=0 using Varignon 'S Theorem

'

* :

Emres :
Emwmp CCW ( )
-

cult )
¥ Yz
,

P -

Q +80=0
13 3
-

500=-200
g
6 -200 I} 6+802+203

EFy=ERy=0
3 5 C- 1440
_
KN -
m

p -
Q -20=0
5 13
5

P :
200kW

01=260 KN

9. The overhead electric hoist C rides along a track on the horizontal beam AB. In addition to the
500-kN vertical force carried by the hoist, the beam also supports the three vertical forces shown.
(a) If x =5 m, determine the resultant of the four forces carried by the beam. (b) Determine the
distance x for which the resultant of the four forces would act at the center of the span AB.

"

!
a. R : -2 Forces = 500+300+120+200=1120 kN

pt.tt?Mres--Mwmp
10C .

Of R from

at A ; ✗ = 5

1120 (d) =
30012 ) -1120110) -1200114 ) -1500 ( x )

d = 6.339m

"
b. ✗ when 12 is at mid span D= = 8.5m
,
2

lures =
Mcomp at A

1120 / 8. 5) =
30012) -1120110) -1200114) -1500 / x)

✗ =
9.84m

7. The transmission tower OA is being hoisted into position by the cables AB and AC. The resultant of
the cable tensions P and Q, along with the 2400-lb weight of the tower, Is a force R acting at point
O. Determine P, Q and R.
line of sight is axis plane
*
along ✗ yz
-

2
A

¥¥
'
69

\
Py "
Qy Q2
Pz

36
'
20
'
/ 20
'
/
40
'

Mres =
M comp at 0

0=13140)+Qz( 36) -

2400120) eq .
/

line of sight is axis plane

*
along y ✗ 2
-

/ -28/-80/-69/1 945
2
✗
y z d

A-
( AB) P Mres =
M comp at 0

(HC) Q 32 -76 -69 11561 Q p

, 0--13/28) -

Qz( 3.2 ) eg -2
•
6g

2400

lures =
Mwmp at 0 ✗
Qx Px

lures = 0 Q2

32
'
/ 28
Pz
Pz :
671 33lb ✗
y z d 28 32
6.685×10-4
-

Rx : [ f- ✗ =
-1063.36 +915.36 = -

2
10=1063.36 -28 -80 -69 11945 11945 ,, , , ,
Pz =p
d
Q 915.36
-

32 -76 -69 11561

_

80 76

Ry -_IFy= -1063.36 -915.36 = -1425.359

10=1063.36 lb W -2400 0 0 I 1
-
-

11945 11561

69 69
122--21=2 =
-1063.36 -915.36 -2400=-3658.743
Qz 587.41 lb , ,qgg 11561
=

2
Q2 = Q
d
R :
12×2+1212+1222
Q =
915.36lb 12=3926.583

10. The streetlight A is attached to the end of the horizontal boom ABO. The light, which weighs 100N,
is subjected to a wind load of 20N acting in the negative y-direction. The forces P and Q represent
the tensions in the two cables that are attached at point B. The resultant of the four forces shown is
a force R acting at point O. Determine the tensions P and Q and the force R.

2
✗
y 2 d * yz plane

BC P -
4 -1.5 2 0.5 89

Q 4 -1.5 2
BD 0.5 89 lures -_
Nwmp at 0
-

P Q
100N 0 0 -1 I 0=0

ᵈ
20N 0 -

I 0 I

100N

* ✗2 plane
2 * ✗y plane py
Q2 Pz C Px
Px
lures __
Nwmp at 0
20N lures -_
Nwmp at 0
×
p
I -5m
O=P✗ (2) + Q✗(2) -10016) ✗ A B 0=P✗( 1. 5) Q✗( 1. 5) +2016)
-

0
2m
eq . / eq .2
1.5m
A
B ☐
✗
o Q×

y Qy
100N 2m 4m
.

2m 4m

P= 110N Q= 190N RX : [ f- ✗ = -

146.986

75.120
✗ ✗ Ry :[
Fy = -

12=167.184 N
Px :p j P -129.717N
-

Q✗=Q j Q - 224.057N
a a 26.507
R2 : [ Fz
-

11. The resultant of the force-couple system acting on the frame is a force R acting at point A.
Determine forces P and R.

Mres :
Nwmp at A

0 :P (6) -

1000053012) -

50 (4) +140

P - 38.868 KN

R RA = EFX =P -11006530=125.471 RY
-1
12=125-471 kN -0 = tan = ◦

1006s 30-50=0 Rx
Ry
=
EFY :

12. Find the x- and y-coordinates of the point where the resultant of the three forces crosses the
plate.
 *
yz plane *✗ 2 Plane
2
12 2 12
A b
12

35144 2511N 40kW

•
25kt 351<14 40kW

• • •
y
A B O C X • •

4sin40 4sin30 B O
{
4m 410540 4 cos 30

Mres =
Nwmp at 0 Mres =
Nwmp at 0

12--25+35+40=100111 100 / a) =
35 / 4) +2514 sin 40) -
40145in 30) 100 /b) -2514ns 40) -14014ns 30)
=

a =
1.243m b- 0.6196m
-

Surface loads

load KN
= =
kPa
area mz

- The magnitude of the resultant force is equal to the volume of the

region betweenthe load are and the load surtace

- The line of action of the resultant force passes through the centroid
of the volumebounded by the load area and the load surface.

Line load

- The magnitude of the resultant force is equal to the area

under the load diagram.

- The line of action of the resultant force passes through

the centroid of the area under the load diagram.
load kN
=

length M

examples
:

13. Water pressure acting on the vertical wall of the concrete dam varies linearly with the depth of
the water as shown. Determine the resultant force caused by the water.

V01 / prism) :
Aps •
L

" KN
=
58.9 •
6M 32m
2 ma

Resultant = 5654.4 kN

14. Find the resultant of the distributed load acting on the flat plate shown.

V01 / prism) :
Aps •
L

1
=

2
80 -1120 KmN2 •
1.5m 0.8m

Resultant = 120 kN

Abase
 15. Determine the magnitude and location of the resultant of the line load acting on the beam shown
below.
:
Resultant = -2 Area
Varig non 's

lures =
Nwmp at 0

12=12141115 ) -112115)( 6) +12 (6) ( lo)

12--105 kN
1051×7--21-147115) 3- 4+21-115716) 4+1-316)
•

}
✗
R
+12 (6) ( lo) 4 -1 (6)

✗ =
5.619m

Equilibrium of Forces

conditions of static Equilibrium :

-2 f- = 0 Mx :O

/
✗

EM
E Fy 0 0 My Forces
=
=
:O Space

-21=2--0 142--0

Reactions of Coplanar supports :

examples :

16. The homogeneous 6-m bar AB in the figure below is supported in the vertical plane by rollers A
and B and by a cable at C. The mass of the bar is 50 kg. Determine the reactions at A and B and the
tension in the cable.
EFH __ O NA =
36.633kg = 359.37N

NB +
Tosin 20=0 eq /
.

NB
NB -
_
36.726kg
=
360.28N
50kg
EF✓=°
3M Tc 4sin4O
Nattcsin 20-50=0 e9 2 383.40N
To __
39.083kg =
.

IMC :O +

200540 NA 200540 -

Nps 45in 40+50 loos 40=0 e. g. 3

NA

17. Determine the mass of the heaviest uniform bar that can be supported in the position shown in
the figure above if the breaking strength of the horizontal cable attached at C is 15 kN. Neglect
friction.
EFH :O EMA :O

NB 2.40520 1.200520+15 1.25in 20=0 eq 2

-

NA 4 -1M .

Na -
15=0
g-
% 3

Tc -15kW
-

NA =
18.75 KN kN
NB = 16.710

2-40020
µ, m = 27.96 kN

EFv=0 = 27960 kN ÷ 9.81m S2

3 M
2850.15kg
-

18.75 + NB -
m=O eq / .

g-

* alternate solution :

EFHIO EMB __ O

4 " 3
NA -
15=0 1. 2ws2O 15 1.25in 20 +
18.75
m 2-465201-18.75 2.400520=0
-
-

g g- g-

NA =
18.75 KN 27.96 kN
m ≈ 2850kg
-
_

18. The crate weighing 400 kg is supported by three ropes concurrent at B. Find the forces in ropes AB
and BC if P = 460 kg.

EFv=0 IF -11--0

BC sin 60 -4605in 30 -400

-

AB -

BCWS 60+4606530=0

AB -34.641kg
-

BC -727.461kg
-

400kg
460kg

19. Find the smallest value of P for which the crate in Prob. 18 will be in equilibrium In the position
shown.
A- 13=0 1- min -0
-
* alternate solution :

* Caltech :
EFX = ◦

Fsin > ◦ +40° BC sin 60 Psinno -400=0

eqiffor
-

eg for : Fcoszo
Angus 60
.
-

+
BC sin 60 AB

ZFH =D

F =P =
460 A- 13=34.641 BC __
727.461 -

BC cos 60 + Pws 30=0

P =
450 AB = 23.094 BC __ 715.914

P 11.547 BC 704-367
420 AB BC
692.82kg
= = __ =

P = 400 AB = 0 BC __ 692.820 P =
400 kg

P =
300 AB = -57.735 BC __ 635.085
 Analysis of Frames : Method of Members

examples
:

20. An 80-N box is placed on a folding table as shown in the figure below. Neglecting friction and
the weights of the members, determine all forces acting on member EFG and the tension in the
cable connecting points B and D. Dimensions in mm.

* ABCDE * EFG Ey

80N
-

Ex

360
Fy
"×
: "

µ
_
• *

/
" % "°

1
•

/
'
'
Hx
400 200 600
by 400 600

by
Hy -2µA = 0 I -1-4=0

Ey (1200/-80/400)=0 60 -

Fy
-

Ey :O

H✗=O Ey
-

EFH :O , -26.667N Fy = 33.33N

EMH 0 -0
IMF
=

by / 800)
-

80200+400=0 * isolate :
CDE 601400) -126.67/600) -

E✗k60)=0
"✗
60N TBD Ex -_
111.1167N
by __
°

180
Itv : O
(✗ EY -21--17=0

60 +
Hy
-

80=0 F✗=E✗= 111.1167N

600

Hy -20N
-

EMc=0

TBD / 180) -1111.1167 (1807-26.67/600)=0 RF :

-5×2+1=92 = 116.008N

TBD __
22.22N RE :
E×2tEy2 =/ 14.273N

21. The beam consists of two bars connected by a pin at B. Neglecting the weight of the beam,
compute the support reactions at A.
Y 3kW m * Cut B : Isolate AB
=

MA
Y 1.8M 3m 9--18 ""
'm EFH = 0
ma
"
" =°
Ax 1.8kW
y =
m Ax 1- 8m
By
B. ✗ = Ax = 0

Ay ay Ay

-21=4--0

* cut B : Isolate BC -21=4--0

1
Ay -

By
-

1.8 1-8=0
2

82+3
-

" "

3kNm By -1
Cy -1
1.2 = 0
y=i8kNm
Ay -_
2.94 kN
B✗=0 " " m

By Cy
By -_ 1.32 KN

MA = IMA

EMB :O

2 t
=
By 1.8
+12 1.8 1- 8 } •
1.8
'
Cy 1.2 3 12 1.2 1.2
{ 1.2=0
-

1.8
• •

2 3 2
MA -_
4.32 KN -
m

Cy 1.56 kN
-
-
?⃝
 22. For the frame shown, determine the magnitude of the pin reaction at B. Neglect the weight of
the frame.
* art B : Isolate BC

BY IF -11=0
pm EMC =D

BX 1.8m 12 15 1.8 { •
1.8=0
13×+0×+12 15 1.8--0

Ca

as
B✗= 4.5 kN C✗=9kN
Ca 15kW m
I. 2m
Cy

Ay

Ay
EFV =D RB :
13×2+13,2
=D
EMA 0
by By RB 5.03 KN
-_ -
=

By __ 2.25 kN

12115 )( +1.2+12112 )( 3) 3=0

'
-

Cy 2 + Cx 1.2 _
1. 8)

Cy -2.25 KN
-

Analysis of Truss :
Method of Joints concurrent no moment

examples
:

23. Determine the forces in each member of the truss shown in the figure above.

EMA =D EFv=0

' Ay +
Ey
-

8-8=0
-

Ey Lt
33 +8 / L ) -1810.51=0

/
Ay
-_
8.392 KN

Ex -0
-

Ey
=
7.608 kN

y
,
µ,
, , , , , ,

, , ,

* Joint A :
* Joint B : * Joint C : * Joint E :

8k "
AB 8kN CE
Bc

45° 45° •
60°
•

AD DE
• •

45° 450 45° 60°

Ay AB BD BD cp CE
Ey
EFv=O EFv=O
IFH = 0 ZFH = 0

ABsin45-AY-0-8-ABsin45-BDsin45-BCs.in 45=0 BDWS 45 CEOs 60=0 DE +

CEWS 60=0
-
-
-

A- 13=11-868 KN C CE :
8.784 kN c DE __
4.392 kN T

ZFH = 0

ZFH = 0 ABCOS 45 -

BDws45-BC.ws 45=0 EFv=0

ABWS 45 -1 AD :O
-

81-BDsin45-CD-CES.in 60=0
'

A- D= 8.392 KNT BC __ 6- 211 KN C ,

B. D= 5.657 KN C C. D= 4kW T

24. The walkway ABC of the footbridge is stiffened by adding the cable ADC and the short post of
length L If the tension in the cable is not to exceed 500 lb, what is the smallest value of L for which
the 185-lb person can be supported at B?
 * It . B : * Jt . D:

185lb 1317=185
[ Fu = 0

AD -
DC
I • S ' "

g
8 L L
500 + 50° -

185=0
~
[ Fit :O 12+82 12+82
BD = 185lb

AD __ DC =
500lb 1--1 -506ft

Analysis of Truss :
Method of section

examples :

25. Compute the forces in members CD and JK, if P = 3000 lb and Q = 1000 lb.
3000

' '
1000 2 2 IM , :O

'
CD / 4)
-

3000ft ) -

1000
(37-1000/3)=0
3
CD __
5250lb C

1000

3
'
IMC :O

Jk / 4) -100013) -

1000 (6) =D
1000 c. Cb 6J J
•
•
JK 2250lb T
-

CD JK

26. If Pc = 6000 lb and Pc = 1000 lb (both compression), find P and Q.

P P
* a -

a : '
* b b : ' '

21
-

2 2 2
Q Q

' '

3 3

Q Q

' '

3 3
a a

b - b
Q 6J J Q J
c•
c. Cb
• • •

CD -6000
✗ OK
CD
-

-_ 6000 JK 617=1000 JK

EM , :O
boy
# × ,

P( 4) +
Q( 6) + Q( 3) -

600014) :O EM ,<=o

410+901=24000 eq .
/
3
P( 4) + Q( 6) + Q( 3) -

6000 (4) -
1000 4=0
,

*
solving 2
egins
:
4P -1180=27328.20 eq -
2

P -5167.95lb
-

, Q :
369.80lb
27. The trusses of a roof are 3-m apart. Loadings cause a uniform pressure of 1.2 kPa normal to the
roof. Determine the reaction at A, force at DC and CA.
5
a.
* Jt .
D: * It .
A :

AB
v25
a
5M 5 CD
a. AC
£
25 2-
g. ¢ ˢ 3
3 " "
W at
it • &
AD AD •
RA
2.5
int RA
2- Fy = 0 EFH = 0

* conversion from surface load to line load :

EMB :O 4
3 4
CD AD -1
AC
-

RA :O
-4.5 = O
g- g- g
W =p •
tributary width Ra / 3) -4.515) -912.5) : O
W =
I -2 kpa 3m 3.6 KN AC
• = m
RA : 15kW C.D= 6 kN 1-
-_
9.375 KN C

* conversion to concentrated joint load : EFH __ 0

Jt . D: Pp = 3.6 (1-25)=4.5 kN
3 4
4. 5 + CD _

AD : O
g-
It . C :
Pc =
3.612.5 ) : 9 kN
5

It . B: PB -_
3.6/1.25 ) :
4.5kW A-D= 7.5 KN C

28. The homogeneous 860-kg bar AB is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A and two cables
attached to B. Find the tension in cable CB.
Z z

B B

4m
•
•
4m

860
%, ×

I
C Cx
Cz DX A
p,

f f
Y 2.25

D2
3 4.5
2- 6 3

EMA :O EMA :O

✗ y 2 d Cz / 2. 6) -

Dz( 3) =o eq / .
C2( 3) +
D2 (2.2/-86012.25)=0 eq 'd
.

BC 7.5-2-6-4 79.01

BD 6.7 3 -4 69.89 2 2
Cz -394.361kg :C D2 341.78kg =D
-
:

860 0 0
-

I 1
d d

C- -

876.35kg D= 714.32kg

29. Find the maximum load P that can be supported by the tripod if the force in any leg is limited to
2000 lb. Assume that the legs are two-force bodies.
2- Fx :O :

fog
6
AC -

AD :O
; AC __ AD eq . I
✗yZd- 109

[ Fy :O :

Yo
3 3
-

AB +
Al + AD = 0 e. 9.2

tog tog

:
21=2--0 8 8 8
AB + AC + AD P = 0
eq 3
-
.

P O O
-

1 1 10
log ,og

* trial on error :

using eq 2 try AC AD 2000 *

using
:
try AB 2000 3
-
:
eq :
-
.

,
.

AC : AD :
2088.06lb 2000lb AB -
_
1915.65lb 2000 lb set AB -1915.65lb
-

AC : AD -
_
2000lb
,

safe ! safe !
:
P 4597.57lb
'

not
- -
. _
.

30. The square steel plate has a mass of 1800 kg with mass center at its center G. Calculate the
tension in each of three cables when the plate is lifted while remaining horizontal.
 XYZd-T.fi :O
:
12 2 ' 2

f.
'
-
A -
B + c = 0
12 6 12 6 125

EFY :O :
12 ' 2
A -
B = 0

, ,, , ,, ,, , ,, , ,, ,

:
21=2--0 24 24 24
A + B + C = 0
1800
12 6 12 6 125

= 551.135 kg = 5.41 kN ; 13=551 .

135kg : 5.41 kN ; c :
1006.23kg =
9.87 KN

Friction

- force that resists the movement of two contacting

surfaces that slide relative to one another.
- it is always tangent to the surface at the point of
contact.

a. static no motion

friction -2 forces the by equilibrium

along surface
=

b. Impending motion about to move ,

still no motion

Max static friction max

capacity to resist motion

c. kinetic in motion

examples :

31. The coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the 100 kg block and the inclined plane are
0.3 and 0.2, respectively. Determine (a) the friction force acting on the block when P is applied with a
magnitude of 200 N to the block at rest, (b) the force P required to initiate motion up the incline from
rest, and (c) the friction force acting on the block if P = 600 N.
* rotate 15° CW : b.
Impending Motion ( static) , fmax =
Msn

µ
981N When f :-( Max = 0.30N
,

P
IF it = 0

f
Pws 20 -0.30N -981 sin 15=0 eq l -

f
N N E F v = 0

a. since P = 200N 516.33N / .

: static no motion Psin 20 -981 cos 15 + N :O eq -2

981N

/
◦
EF # = O P =
516.33N ,
N'-770.98N
"

P
f -12006520 -

98 / sin 15=0 fmax = 231.294N

f- 65.96 N
-

f ^

c. since P =
600N 516.93N ,
i. kinetic in motion * check :
?
going

µ
981N up EFH = 6000520 -981 sin 15 -148.47 = O
,

P [ Fv = 0 161.44=0 . : 161.44 =
ma

N -16005in 20 -981 sin 15=0 ZFH =

ma
f

n N = 742.36N 161.44=100 a

f :
µ kN = 0.2N =
148.47N a =
1.61m S2

32. The uniform pole of length l and mass m is placed against the supporting surfaces shown. If
the coefficient of static friction is μs = 0.25 at both A and B, determine the maximum angle θ at
which the pole can be placed before it begins to slip.
 IF -11--0 -2 Fu = O

NA
,,
. NAWS 15 -
0.25 NA cos 75 -

0.25 NB :O
NA Sin 15+0.25 NA Sin 75 +
NB -
m :O

FA
"
"
NAWS 15 -
0.25 NA cos 75 NA :O -2426M
µ, ,

lsinlt 0.25 NB =
0.8781m
•

EMA :O

75°

NB / lust ) -
o .25NB( lsinlt) / 0.5 lust) :O
fps m
-

0.51 cost NB
NBWS -0 -

0.25 NBSINQ -
m cost =D

dust
0.878 / must -0.25 / 0.8781m )sinO- -
must :O

0--59.860

33. Determine the distances to which the 90-kg painter can climb without causing the 4-m ladder
to slip at its lower end A. The top of the 15-kg ladder has a small roller, and at the ground the
coefficient of static friction is 0.25. The mass center of the painter is directly above her feet.
NB

* by rdnp :
EFv=0 IMA __ 0

-1904
✗ 1.5 NA -

15-90=0
=
-26.25/0.555 ) -115/0.75) s =D
g 4 NA
-105kg
-

0.555

1.5 5- 2.55m
✗ s
15kg
=

4
IFH :O
90kg
0.251105) -
NB=0
FA ✗
NA NB =
26.25kg

34. The uniform 100-lb plank in Fig. (a) is resting on friction surfaces at A and B. The coefficients of
static friction are shown in the figure. If a 200-lb man starts walking from A toward B, determine
the distance x when the plank will start to slide.
200lb

10 -
✗
IFV __
O

NA +
NBsin50-0.SN/3sin40- 200-100--0 eq /
.

5ft

100lb

IFH :O

FA so NB
FB 0 INA -
-

NBWS 50+0 - b- NBWS 40=0

eq 2
NA
.

°
EMB =
NA =
163.29lb

NA 110) -
100 (5) -200 (10-1)=0 NB= 125.72lb

✗ =
4.335ft

35. The man is trying to push the homogeneous 20-kg ladder AB up a wall by applying the
horizontal force P. Determine the smallest value of P that would move the ladder. The coefficient of
static friction between the ladder and both contact surfaces is 0.3.
↳
NB

EFH =D

0.3nA + NB P e9 / NA 23.15kg
-

0
-
= .
_

20kg
NB :
10.49kg

EFv=0 P :
17.43kg

NA 0.3 NB -20=0 eq 2
-

EMA :O

FA
'm
NB (5) 0.3 NB (2) p( 1. 5) 2011 ) =0
eq .3
- - -

µ,
 36. The wedge shown below weighs 400 kN. Determine the value of P required to start the wedge
under the block if the angle of friction on all surfaces is 15°.
I "
B
N R
wedge ∅
A• NA
15°
f- Max ∅ =

C ' ' " '" ' '

f tan 15 =
Ms
•
fmax MSN
µ
_

N
∅ R
fan ,

N
=
=Ms
µ Ms
block =
0.2679
B•
FB
NB

*
wedge :
EFH :O

400 KN NA +
News -10+0.2679 News 20=0 NA 344-768 KN
FA
-

= = 92.38 KN
fa
Nc : 580.604 kN fc = 155.572kW
NA
[ Fv =D RA =
NAZ -1-1*2--356.73

Nc 70°
20°
fc -

0.2679N .at/Vcsih70-0.2679Ncsin20- 400 :O Rc : Nc2+fc2 =

601.09

* block

Nc
70 IFB :O Itv = O

fc
P 20
.

NB 580.604 sin 70 -1155.5725in 20=0 P 0.2679 NB 580-6040570 -155.572

-

20=0
-

cos
-

NB : 492.2085 kN 10=476.701 kN
FB
NB

* alternate solution :

400 kN
"
"

35° Rc

/ fa
RA RA Rc
wedge 15% "
°
p 35° 15°
RB
A• , 35°
4004N 55° 75°
Rc
Fc
20
.

105° P
% Rc 15°
☒°
RB
-

g-so
,,
ago
RA
block Nc 70° 15°
g- go

Boo
FB
using sin law :

NB 15°
RB RA Rc 400 P RB Rc
= = =
=
sin 35° sin 105 sin 40 sings sin > 5
sin 50°

RA =
356.9306 KN P
-

_
476-7014

Rc = 601.0855 KN RB
-

_ 509.7494

tension cables :

1-
straight cable concentrated load

} §
.
•

•
case 1 :
given all dimensions method of joints
•
•

•
case 2 : with unknown dimension cut isolate , moment eq .

examples :

37. Determine the tension in each segment of the cable shown.

E✗
Ay Emi :O * cut C- isolate left :
•

Ax Ey Ay / 18)
-

4115) 15110 ) 312 ) - -

- 0
Ay IMc=0
-

Ay 12 KN Ax 12 / 8) / 12) -415)
-

Ax :O
- -

12 A- ✗ =
6.33 kN

EFv=0 •
-2 f- µ : O
•

Ay -1
Ey 4-15-3--0 A- Ex
-

✗ =

5M

Ey
-_
10 KN Ex =
6.33 kN
8m

* It . A :
* Jt .
B :
EFH :O * Jt . C: -21=+1--0

EFH :O BC✗=ABx=6 -33kW CD✗=BC✗= 6.33 KN

AB BY CDYCD
Ay ABA = Ax = 6.33 ABY
BC

• Ap , EFv=0 • EFV = 0
""✗ BC " "" "✗
Ax AB
zFv=O •

Aby Bcy -4=0 Bcy -1 CDY 15=0

-
-

ABY Bly BC 15kW

AB ABY =
Ay
= 12
4µV BCy=8kN CDy=7kN
1713=13.5687 kN BC CD __
9.438 KN
10.201 KN
__
 * Jt . E: * additional :
length of cable

EX ZFH = 0 3m
3 8
*•

Costars =
; LAB = 6.428 COS D- CD =
i LBC =
11.928
•
Ey =
DEX =
6.33 kN ya , 430
DEX
Ey EFV = 0 5m
Be
5 2
DEY COSQBC ; LBC = 8.058 COS ODE = I ↳ e- = 3.740

DE Ey=DEy= IOKN :L, ,

,,,

DE 11-835 KN -2
length 30.145m
Lt
-_ = =

YB Yp
tan 0A , j YB -5.69m tant > ; YD 3.16m
-

: : =
, E
z 2

38. The cable ABCD shown in the figure above is held in the position shown by the horizontal force P.
Determine P and the force in each segment of the cable.
* It . C :

CD EFH :O 2- Fv=0

BC
"
4
¢
!
3 "
10 -
BC +
CD :O DC + CD -25=0
, '
3 •
,
3 10 17 17
¢
2

I
25kg BC =
6.081kg ,
CD = 23 -787kg

* Jt . B :

AB [ Fu : O EFH :O

3 13

3
2 • P 3 t
£

i
'°
AB -
BC -
15=0 P t BC -20.339 :O
,, 13
BC 13 10
3

15kg A 13=20.339 P -5.51kg

-

kg

2. Parabolic cable uniformly distrituted load along the span

✓
at highest
point t Imax
-
_
,

at lowest point F. 1- min

✓
,
tangent line

1. locate the lowest point use

squared property of parabola * all horizontal component of tension force

2. cut lowest point isolate left or

right at any point = 1- min

3. Apply equation of equilibrium given subjected to

gravity loads

examples
:

39. The cable of the suspension bridge spans L = 120m with a sag H = 18m. The cable supports a
uniformly distributed load of Wo N/m along the horizontal. If the maximum allowable force in the
cable is 4MN, determine the largest permissible value Wo.
3. IMA :O

= 60m =
60m
No 60 ( 30) -

To ( 187=0

To = 100 No
No Nm
Tallow :<IMN = 4,000,000N

* must be
-21=+1--0 equal to Tmax

1. LP at mid span TA
-

To +
Tax = O
=
Tmax =

TA✗2tTAy2
TAX =
To = 100 Wo TA =
Tmax =
Tallow
2. TA
TAY
2 &
•
A
- 4000000 =
100 Wo +
60 No
TAX 2- Fv :O

18m
Tay -

Wo / 60 ) :O No __
34299.717 Nm

" 1-
" " Ay
=
60 No

€
 40. The two main cables of the suspension bridge shown in the figure have a span L=1900m and a sag
H = 233m. The loading on each cable is Wo = 444.7 kN/m (without traffic) along the horizontal.
Determine the corresponding maximum force in one of the cables.
3. IMA = 0
= 950m = 950m

= 233m
444.71950 ) (952°) -

To ( 233) :O

1-0--861248.39 kN =
Tmin

1. LP at mid span ZFH :O

Tax :
1-0=861248.39 KN * additional :

TA "° &

:{
2.
TAY
444 . > ✗

°
"
-
Ly , +
TAX I Fv =D
861248.39
-

ago

233m
TAY
-

444.7/950 ) :O 4- :
1973.66m
•
No __
444.7 KNM °
to 1- -
422465 kN
Ay
#
TA :
959,283.83 kN =
TB : 1- Max

41. A cable supports a load of 50 kg/m uniformly distributed with respect to the horizontal and is
suspended from the two fixed points located as shown. Determine the maxmum and minimum
tensions in the cable.
1. locate LP SPP 2 t'
origin
:
use , set LP as
'

tay
A
⑨
2 2
1- ✗Anto) ✗ 12 ✗ 22 -
✗a 100 -
✗A tax
= =
B
•
41.42 41.42
• Y, Yz 40 20
(× , , ,
go
40m

• Xp :
58.58m
• c

100 -
✗A = ✗ B- 41.42m
50kg m te
-

( 100 -
✗ A)
✗A ✗
B 58m

3 EMA O
EFH EFV
-

.
-
-_ 0 = 0

TAX : Tc :
2144.7kg Tay : 50158.58) TA=Tma✗= 3630.18kg
50158.58) 58.258 _

Tc 140) :O

1-
Ay
=
2928.93kg Tma✗= 31.6121 KN

Tc 21.04 kN
1- min
2144.7kg :
: __

* Additional :
Length of cable

* 501 1 : * 501 .
2 :
1-58 . ) 8
'

f
2
2=+499 2=85.78 y No ✗ Vertical comp
✗
dy
f-
Li 41.42 4%2.20) -

✗
g , , + DX
12
d✗

:|
41.422=40120) ✗
2
dY
£
at any pt .

①✗ the
y=
" " 42 2
Lt :S It along
85.78 DX

/
40--85.78 2,
curve

g ,
It
85.78
DX
✓ 1- min hor
-58.58 comp
dy
.

2x
=
41.42
DX 85.78 £

=/
Lt 120.72m
-

50 ✗
Lt , +
2144.7
58.58
-

Lt =
120.72m

3. Catenary cable uniformly distrituted load along the length

 examples :

42. A uniform cable weighing 15 N/m is suspended from points A and B. The force in the cable at B
is known to be 500 N. Calculate the force in the cable at A and the span L.

1-13--5001 W
TB = W YB TA =
YA 1- min = W
'
'
•
C
TA

500=15/8 + c) 1- A = 15129.33) 1- min :

15125.33 )

C. =
25.33m TA = 440N 1- min =
380N

#
°
YB =
33.33m
YA
YA =
29.33m

datum
✗A ✗B

YA
?
= SA + C2 ✗A 9132--5132 -1C
✗B
lspan = ✗ At ✗ B =
33.685m
ga , cginh gpg = csinh
C
C
29.332--51+2+25.332 33.332=5132+25.33

14.787m 513=21 -664m ✗B Liable

SA ✗ Sa -1513=36.451
=
=
A m
14.787=25.33 sinh 21-664=25.33 Sinh
25.33 25.33

✗A = 14.055m ✗ B= 19.63m

Centroid

centroid of lines :
 Centroid Of Regular Planes !

Moment of Inertia second moment of area

centroid at Moment of Inertia of Planes : Moment of Inertia of composite sections :

Varig non 's theorem :

•
Centroid • Inertia :

taxis
'
ATI = ZAX :
Ina + Ad

At g- Etty Perpendicular distance from of

=
c.
g.

Icg component to the axis

examples
:

43. Determine the centroid of the shaded area below.

Al -

AE -

A }
=
At A, = 7001800) : 560000

{
800 ?
IT / 300)

f
% " °
450001T
A2 : =
378628.33mm
?
•
" 2 At =

✗3
3£
✗ a 0
A" O
{
)• •
y,=yoo -4030
↓
41300
3" 92--400
yi.sn Az =
(2007/400)=40000

Atx =
EAX * Caltech : Mode -3-2 , FREQ -

ON

✗ Y FREQ
378628.3315=5600010) -

450001T -
400-4/300) -

40000400 -
200

31T 3 0 350 560,000

✗ = 66.597mm 41300)
-

400 -

400 -450001T
31T

Aty =
Etty
400 -
20°
700 -
400
40000
3 3
40°
378628.339=5600001350) -

4500011-1400) -

40000 700 -

3
✗ =
66.597mm
APPS 5- Var
D= 308.441mm Y =
308.441mm

Centroid at ✗
-
axis , Igx = -2
Icg -117012
"
)
}
/ 300) 3002
8004,0°
2 IT IT '
%
Ig , : +
goof > oo)( 350 _y . _ +
(400-5)
8 2
d}
cgx •
•• di }
2
2001400)
Yz
% -

g,
+
12120011400 ) 700 _

4¥ -

J
y, y

Igx = 1.644×1020

"
8001 > ◦ °)
}
IT / 300) IT 3002
I ✗ = +
goof > oo)( 3502 - +
( 40012
12 8 2

2001400)ˢ
£
"
" 40°
• -

36
+
12120011400) 700 _

Igx •
" "
• •
I ✗
= 5.247×10 mm

¢3
dz
a. * another solution :

&
Ix :
Igx +
Aty 2=1.644×1020+741371.67 308.441

"
Ix : 5.247 ✗ 1010mm