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EXERCISE –I I1
17. Given I =4 I1 = 4I (let the I2 = I)
8. I1 a12, I2 a22 2
Imax = I1 I 2
2
, When cos = 1, = 0, 2,....
Imin = I1 I 2 = 2
I I = I
I max I min 9I I 8I 4
I I 9I I 101 5
9. y1 = a sint = a cos t –/2), max min
y2 = a cos t D
19. For minima y n = (2n–1) where n is the no. of
2d
10. y1 = a sin t and y2 = a sin t
3 n D
minimum. For maxima y n
d
A a 12 a 22 2a 1 a 2 cos where 9 D D
3 y 5 th dark ; y 1st max ima
2d d
By Equation y 5 th m in y 1 st m ax = 7 × 10 –3
a 2 a 2 2aa cos
3 3a
9 D D 7 10 3 15 10 5 2
11. In interference pattern we can see that resultant 7 10 3
2d d 7 50 10 2
amplitude of super imposed wave depends on the = 600 nm
phase difference of waves so it varies from
maximum to minimum amplitude by redistributing D
20. Fringe width = ;
of energy but total energy remains conserved. d
'D ' 2D D
' = , ' 4 4
12. d' d/2 d
3/2 2
0
2 21. On a given screen width n= car tan, Here n is
d
number of fringes and = is the fringe width
When path difference is then phase difference is 2 D
n1 1 = n2 2 n2 1=n2 2
2
When path difference is 1 then phase difference is n 1 1 92 5898
n 2 = 99.360
2 2 5461
When path difference is x then phase difference is x
Number of fringes are integers so n2 = 99
13. Resultant amplitude A = a 12 a 22 2a 1 a 2 cos 23. Mica sheet of thickness 't'
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P
– Angle between two waves or phase difference. Refractive index ''
So A depends on both amplitude & phase S1 x
X P = S2P –[(S1P–t) air + t sheet]
difference. = (S2P–S1P) – (t – t)
= d sin –(–1)t S2
15. From the definition of coherent source. Additional path difference
Position of nth maxima
16. Sustained interference means a interference dy n nD D
n ( 1)t yn = (–1)t
pattern (arrangement of fringes) can not be change D d d
with time. It is only possible when the phase
D
difference between waves at a point does not Shift of interference pattern 1 t
change with time. d
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JEE-Physics
I0 = ( I1 I 2 ) 2 I0 (2 I )2 =4I
I0
I =
4 • When increases, the fringe patterns shift
[Intensity due to single slit] towards the slit when sheet introduced shift
D 1
from the above two fact variation in I
t
26. For maxima, Imax = ( I1 I 2 ) 2 with is
When I1 = I2 then Imax = 4I
2
For minima Imin = I1 I 2 I min
= 0
2
I '
I1
I 2 1 , then I max I1 4I1
2 2
2
I 31. There is a phase change of when the ray enters
I 'min = 1 I1 I min
2 from rarer medium into denser medium, the
boundary is called rigid boundary and also no
change in phase when it enters into rarer medium.
27. = 200nm, d= 700 nm
2d 2 700nm 32. As distance between S1 & S2 is very much less and
No. of maxima = 7
200nm equal to 'd' so the angle made at 'P' is very much
small
d
28. Fringe width remains unchanged
D
S1
But central bright fringe (zero path difference)
d P
Shift downwards therefore whole fringe pattern
S2
shifts downwards. D
But when > 1 the central bright fringe will shift D d
Fringe width =
D d D
according to (–1)t
d
34. Path difference for points A & C is O so constructive
As increases, CBF will shift upwards from
interference take place.
midpoint i.e. at mid point. Less bright fringe
appears and when the shift is equal to value of 5
fringe width, the dark fringe (zero intensity) will Path difference for B & D = 5m =
2
appear.
OR So distructive interference take place.
• Intensity variation
O central bright fringe
y distance from 'O' screen
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JEE-Physics
P EXERCISE –II
35. x+ x y
x = n
A x
1. Path differences
O
S1 S2 3
3 x 1
x 2 x 3 x 4
2 4 4
D Therefore I2 > I3 = I4 > I1
in this case path difference is d cos .
2. Path difference =
1 6
So n = = 3 cos cos =
3
2
1 D Phase difference =
2 2
6 3
2
D y 2 3 3D = D y
I = I1 + I2 + 2 I1 I 2 cos
y 8D = 2 2D If I1 = I2 = I then intensity at central
I0 = I + I + 2 I I cos 0° = 4I
36. Let t be the thickness so corresponding and intensity at a point 'P'
3
x = t t . Also Imax = 4I so I' = 2I I' = I + I + 2 I I cos
2 3
3 3
We know IR = I1+ I2 + 2 I1 I2 cos = 3I 4I I 0 = 0.75 I0
4 4
3 t 3 t
2I = I + I + 2 I2 cos cos 0
3. Phase difference =
2
Path difference
3 t 3 5
cos cos or cos or
2 2 2
4. Let the distance 'y'from 'O' where nearest white
3 t 3 t 3 spot occurs. Then the path difference = 0
t ; t =
2 6 2 2
3 t 5 5
and t
2 6
2d/3
d
37. At the central Maxima x=0 y
(2 1)tD
But upward shift and
d D
( 1)2tD
Downward shift
d 2 2
2d d
tD tD D2 y D2 y 0
3 3
So net shift y = [2–1 – 2 + 2] y
d d
d
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3 y =
38. I' = (4I)= 3I. 6
4
1 5. Path difference occurs due to the medium of
So 4I = I +I +2I cos cos = variable refractive index = (–1)t
2 3
But value should lie between 3 & 6.
a 2
1 ax 1 dx
0
2
So it cannot be
3 For minima at '0' the path difference should
For second minima = 3
For third maxima = 6
be (for minimum value of )
2
a 2
, a 2
2
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JEE-Physics
6. For reflected light waves the two virtual source
11. The intensity of light is I() = I0cos2
(images of source in mirrors) at a distance '3d' 2
Path difference at O = S 2O–S 1O
2 2
S1 where ( x) (d sin )
d ( i ) For = 30°
S
O
D c 3 10 8
= 300 m and d = 150 m
2d 10 6
S2 2 1
(150)
300 2 2 2 4
D 2 (2d)2 D 2 d 2
I0
D2 + 4d2 = D2 + d2 + 2 + 2 D 2 d 2 I() = I0cos2
4 2
3d 2 (ii) For = 90°
3d2 = 2D
2D 2
(150)(1) and I() = 0
300 2 2
7. By Geometry, path difference at '0' for minima
should be (2n–1) 0 (iii) For = 0° : = 0 =0 I() = I0
2 S1 2
d= 5cm
/2
12. From the snells law
S2O – S1O = (2n – 1) D=12 1 × sin (90–1) = sin2
2 S2
b d b
2 2
D d D (2n 1) 1×
2 c c d
(13–12)cm = (2n–1) 2 2
2 13. d 12 = 2
6 3
2
For n=1, 2,3 = 2cm, cm, A 60°
3 2
d 23 2 2 A
n 2
8. As path difference d sin n d
sin 22
3A 3A
As sin 1 so d > n, where n is an integer A' 2 3A
2
Therefore d and d I A2 AR2 =3A2 IR = 3I
2
y 15. =
b 5
d
S2
Q P
(–a,0) O (2a,0)
2 2 n 3a
d b d
2
n 2 2 n
d2 + b2 = d2+ 2 d For point P, x = 3a = 15 and at point Q it is
4 2
also 15 somewhere at point B, it is zero thus in
b2 half part of the circle available maxima
(n=1,3,5)
nd 15 × 2 = 30
Thus total maxima = 2 × 30 = 60
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JEE-Physics
For parallel beam, a . So =
2( 1)
1sin 45° = m2sin =30°
EXERCISE – III
4.
Tr u e / Fa l s e
2. For interference pattern, sources must be cohrent
and two independent light sources are never be
coherent.
Comprehension–1 v 1 t 2 2
1. Optical path length 2 2 2
v 2 t 1 1 1
1
1
x3 4 6. Angle made by the direction of light with the
= dx 1 x 2
dx x m
3 0 3 2 2
0 y–axis is cos 2 2 2
2. Optical path length must be optimum i.e. mini- 1 2 3 14
mum.
Comprehension–4
P
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\ 1. Third order bright fringe is the 3 rd bright fringe
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JEE-Physics
Xc At 3,
bright fringe having path difference= EXERCISE –IV(A)
600
(|X c |–|X A |)= nm 300nm 1. (i) Iresult = I + 4I + 2 × I 4 I cos
2 2 2 4
= 5 I + 2 2 I = 7.8 I
Comprehension–6
(ii) Iresult = I + 4I + 2 I 4 I cos = 5I– 4I = I
1. For strongly reflect light path difference
(iii) Iresult= I + 4I + 2 I × 4 I cos 4 = 5I + 4I = 9I
(2t + ) – = (for minimum thickness)
2 2 2. The position of maxima where the path difference
=1 between two ways is integral multiple of .
And positions of minima where the path difference
=1.5 between two ways is odd multipleof /2.
=1.8
600nm
2t = t 200nm 2 2
2 1.5 S1 S2
2. Again as previous question path difference for n,t 2
reflect light must be the odd multiple of
2 I
3. As given reflection cofficient = 20% AB =
n 5
2t =
2 B B'
4I × 4
n 640 I I/5 25 5
t nm = n × 120 (n=1,3,5) A A'
2 2 1.33
4I
Hence = 3 × 120 = 360 nm 4I
5
5× 5
3. Path difference 2t –= 0 16I
2
A'B' =
125
2t = t If AB and A'B' interference than
2 2 2 4
2
I 16I I 81
Imax = =
4. t = 350nm, n = 1.35 5 125 5 25
m
2nt – (m =1,3,5,...) I
2
2 2 16I I 1
I min
5 125 5 25
(m 1) Imax/Imin= 81 : 1
t 2 350nm
2 1.35
4. d = 0.2 cm, = 5896 Å, D =1m
350 2.7 2 945 2 D 5896 10 10 1
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Fringe width = = 0.3 mm
(m 1) m 1 d 0.2 10 2
For m = 1,3,5, = 945, 473...
If system is immersed in water (=1.33), then the
5. t = 1 m, n = 1.35, = 600 nm fringe width becomes
0.3
6 ' mm = 0.225 mm
Path difference = 2 1.35 10 1.3
2
2.7 × 10–6 – 300 × 10–9 = 2.4 m 5. Shifting of fringe pattern due to plate is given by
D
(–1)t [Towards the side of plate]
d
Due to two plates introducing infront of slits then
shifting is resultant of both
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JEE-Physics
D 5 D EXERCISE –4(B)
[(1.7 – 1)2t – (1.4–1)t]
d d
(Position of 5th bright fringe) 1. I = 10–15 W/m2, = 4000 3 Å, t = 3mm.
(t – thickness of one plate)
The path difference due to glass plate 3mm
t = 5 = 5 × 4800 Å = 2.4 m
Thickness of second = 2t = 4.8 m 3 mm
D (D 5 10 ) 2
Path difference= ds (n 1)dx
6. Fringe width ; ' 0
d d
3mm
(D 5 10 2 ) D 3
2 3/2
Given |'–|
0 (1 x 1)dx 3 x 2 3mm
d d
x
–5
5 10 2 Phase difference
3 × 10 =
d
2
3 10 5 10 3 = 2 3 10 3 = × 10 7–3
= 6000 Å 4000 3 10 10
5 10 2
2n = 104 ×
7. The length of the screen for the fringe pattern
= 2y At point I there is point of maxima n = 5 × 103
8. Due to the introduction of sheet in front of one slit O
30° 0.1mm
D
(thickness t and refrective index ) the shift = (–1)t B
d
i.e. the path difference becomes (–1)t instead of
zero at centre of screen (x 0)
2 As given at 0 the Intensity = 3I
Phase difference = ( 1)t
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JEE-Physics
D D
d
w g 1 t1 1 t 2 25 m
d w y 1 S1 0.5mm
A
S 0.25mm
O
Phase difference at point C 0.25mm
2 S2 0.5mm
25 m
2 D=1.0m
150 m 3 0.15m 0.3m 1.3 m
S1 due to part 1 will be formed at 0.5 mm above
its optic axis (m=–2). Similarly, S2 due to part 2 is
formed 0.5 mm below the optic axis of this part as
shown.
Hence, d = distance between S1 and S2 = 1.5 mm
= 1.30 – 0.30 = 1.0 m = 103 mm
= 500 nm = 5 × 10–4 mm Interference pattern is to take place between rays
Therefore, fringe width, 1 and 2. I1 = I/4 and I2 = 9I/64
2
D (5 10 4 )(10 3 ) 1 I I I2 1
mm = mm min 1
d (1.5 ) 3
I max I1 I 2 49
Now, as the point A is at the third maxima
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JEE-Physics
EXERCISE – V-A 7. µ =
c c
v = µ
v
1. To demonstrate the phenomenon of interference we Since I is decreasing so µ also decreases and hence
require coherent sources, i.e., sources with same v increases
frequency and a fixed phase relationship. So v is minimum on the axis of the beam.
d sin 2 sin
2. dsin = n n=
=
=2sin 8.
x
Axis
3 3
2 = = × 590 = 442.5 nm
4 1 4 12. For bright fringe S 1P – S 2P = n
6. Parallel cylindrical beam gives planar wavefront
P
S1 S2
d
D
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JEE-Physics
points.
EXERCISE –V-B
D 1 (2n 2 1) (2n 1 1)
Distance S =
1. IA = I + 4I + 2 4I2 cos =5I d 2
2
Now putting n2 = 10 and n1 = 3
IB = I + 4I + 2 4I2 cos = I
S = 4 × 7 × 10–3 m S = 28 mm
So difference IA – IB = 4I
4I
2. As path difference due to slab = (–1)t 5. Given IR = = I. So I = I + I + 2I cos
4
(–1) t= n
for minimum thickness t of plate, n should be 1 2
cos = =
minimum i.e. n=1 (–1)t = 2 3
t = t = t = 2 Corresponding path difference x =
1 1.5 1 3
PR d
3. In OPR ; = cos OP = So d sin = = sin–1
OP cos 3 3d
OC I max
in COP cos 2 = 6. Inet = I 0 + I0 + 2I0 cos = 2I 0 cos =
OP 2
d cos 2 2
OC= OP cos 2 0 = n x x = 2n 1
cos 2 4
So Path difference = CO + OP +
2
MCQ
d cos 2 d 1. Given d, , I1 = 4I2, I1 = 4I & I2 = I
cos cos 2 if d=, then maximum path difference (d sin ) will
be less than . So there will be only central maxima
d(2 cos 2 1) d on the screen, because in the equation d sin =
= 2d cos n, n can take only one value.
cos cos 2 2
If < d < 2, then the maximum path difference
Now for constructive interference at P between will be less than 2. So there will be two more
BP and OP, path difference = n maximum on screen in addition to the central
1 maximum. Intensity of dark fringes becomes zero
2dcos + = n 2d cos = n if intensities at the two slits made are equal.
2 2
[So C & D are not correct]
2n 1 (2m 1) 2n 1 2
2 1 2
2 2m 1 1 The wave fronts in both the media, are parallel,
the light will be a parallel beam.
2n 1 560 7
or 10n = 14m +2
2m 1 400 5 2. Point c and d are on the same wave fronts,
C = d.
By inspection, the two solutions are
Also c = f. So clearly d – f = c – e
(i) If m1 = 2, n1 = 3 (ii) If m2 = 7, n2 = 10
Distance between are as correspond to these
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JEE-Physics
3. As the ray bends towards the normal so medium For minima, above centre O
(2) is denser.
1
y1 = tan 1= =0.26 m
Match the column 15
1. ( A ) P0 central maxima so has highest intensity. 3
y2 = tan 2 = = 1.13 m
( B ) (P0) = I(P0) = 2I 7
4 For minima, below centre O,
(P1) = 0 I(P1) = 4I y1' = –0.26 m y2' = –1.13 m
There will be four minima due to interference at
3
(P2) = I(P2) = 2I+ 2I × positions ± 0.26 m, ± 1.13 m
4 3 2
3 4 (ii) When incident beam makes as angle of 30° with
= = 2I + 3 I x–axis
12
= – = I (3.732) = 3.732 I S1 S1
12 y
N M
y
( C ) (P) = I (P0) = 0 M M
2 S2 S2
P1 I(P1) = 2I x1= d sin – d sin x2= d sin + d sin
4
For central maxima, path difference should be zero
x 1=0 or x 2 =0
P2 I(P2) = 3I
2 3 d sin = d sin ==30°
y = D tan y = 1 × tan 30° = 0.58 m
3 2
= =
6 6
For first minima d sin – d sin =
2
3
( D ) P0 I(P0) = 2I
4
d sin = + d sin sin = + sin
2 2d
3
P1 I(P1) = 2I – 2I = 0
4 4 0.5 3
sin = + sin 30° sin = 0.75 =
2 1 4
3 3
P2 I(P2) = 2I + 2I 3
4 3 2 y2 = D tan = 1 × = 1.13 m
7
9 4 5
= = 3.732 I For first minima, on either side,
12 12
Subjective 0.5 1
d sin = sin =
1. (i) When the incident beam falls normally : 2 2d 2 0.1 4
Let path difference = x
1
x = S2P – S1P = d sin tan = 0.26 m
For minimum intensity 15
y1 = 1 × tan = 0.26 m
(2n 1)
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3 3
When n = 2, sin 2 = , tan 2 =
4 7
y = D tan or y = 1 × tan
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JEE-Physics
A
yd R1 R2 air
x1 = S1P – S2P = B
D
t m=1.8
C
Due to glass sheet x 2 g 1 t
m
g=1.5
For zero path difference x1 = x2
yd g g tD
B 1 t y 1 R 1 and R 2 therefore possess an initial phase
m m d
difference of before they undergo interference.
3/2
6
10.4 10 Now, for construction interference net phase
y 4 / 3 1 (1.5) difference should be 2n where n is an integer.
0.45 10 3
y = 4.33 × 10 –3m = 4.33 mm
= 2n – = (2n–1) x = (2n–1)
2
g
(ii) Light intensity at O, x 1=0, x2= 1 t Since x = 2(m)t = 1.8 × 2t = 3.6t
m
Net path difference = x 2
or 3.6 t = (2n–1)
2 2
Net phase difference = x 2
2 3 / 2 13 For least value of t is n=1 3.6 × tmin =
1 (10.4 × 10 –6)= 2
7 3
6 10 4 / 3
648
or tmin = nm or tmin = 90nm.
I( ) 3 3.6 2
I() = Imax cos2 or = 0.75
2 I max 4
(iii) Wave length of light that form maxima at O, if 4. (i) O is the middle point of slits S1 & S2
600nm light is replaced by 400 to 700 nm light :
y1
g Also S1S2 = d=0.8 mm in figure tan = D
At O, x = 1 t 1
m
For maximum intensity at O, x = n, A C
R
where n = 1,2,3....... S1
x x x P
= , , ,..... O
1 2 3 Q
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3/2 S2
x 1 (10.4 × 10 –6 m) or x = 1300
4/3 S 10cm
D
nm,
For maximum intensity at O,
6. Let the n1th maxima of 1 coincide with n2th maxima
1
x1 = dsin = 0.8 × or x1 = 0.16 mm ...(i) of 2.
5
Let R represents the position of CBF i.e. 1 D D n 1 2
n1 n 2 2
Net path difference should be 0. d d n 2 1
Now x 2 = S 2R–S 1R
n 1 700 n1 7
or x2 = dsin x1 =x2 ...(ii) n 500 n 5
2 2
For central bright fringe
x2 – x1 = 0 dsin – x1 = 0 Minimum integral value permitted for n1 is 7.
d sin = x1 = 0.16 mm 1 D D
Minimum distance = n 1 where = 103
d d
0.16 1
(0.8) sin = 0.16 sin = =
0.8 5
=
7 500 10 9 10 3
= 3.5 mm
1
1 1 1
tan sin
24 4.9 5
DIFFR ACTION & POL ARISATION
So y 2 1 y = 2 cm
tan 2
D2 5 Exercise II : Previous years questions
Thus CBF will be 2cm above point Q.
2. Intensity of the polarized light coming out of
(ii) When liquid of refractive index is poured. 2
Then for CBF at Q, net path difference = 0 polarizing sheet will be I I 0 cos 2 d
0
(–1)t = x1 –1)100 = 0.16 –1 = 0.0016
I0
On solving, we get I
A C 2
2
S1 sin ay
3. I I0
and D
Q
For principal maximum y=0, =0
S2 hence, intensity will remain same, i.e., I=I 0
S
B D
t 4. In polarisation intensity changes as the crystal is
1
5. (i) S is a point source, fringes formed will be circular. rotated. In scattering for Rayleigh's law I
4
(ii) Ratio of minimum and maximum intensities : is minimum for Blue; so I is larget
Intensity of light direct from source= I1 = I0 (say) Both statements are correct and reason is also
Intensity after reflection I2 = 0.36 I0 correct
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