Solution

HOLIDAY HOME WORK

Class 12 - Physics
Section A

1. (d) p ⃗ × E⃗
Explanation: Torque on a dipole,
⃗
τ ⃗ = p⃗ × E

2. (d) the equilibrium is unstable and all the charged particles cannot have the same polarity
Explanation: The three charged particles cannot be in stable equilibrium and cannot have the same polarity.

3. (c) 6 × 1018
Explanation: As we know that,
q = ne
q
∴ No of protons, n =
e
1
=
−19
1.66×10

= 6.02 × 1018
4. (d) 1

2
ε0 E
2
Ad

ε0 A
Explanation: U = 1

2
CV
2
=
1

2
(
d
)E
2
d
2
=
1

2
ε0 E
2
Ad

5. (c) zero
Explanation: The potential at any point on the perpendicular bisector of the dipole is zero.
∴ ΔV = VO − VP = 0

W = qΔV = 5μC × 0 = 0

6. (d) current
Explanation: Capacitor is a device to store charge. It is used in appliances where more current is needed.
7. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Conservation of electric charge states that the total charge of an isolated system remains unchanged with time.
8. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
9. Fill in the blanks:
(i) 1. 0
10. The product of either charge and separation between two charges is termed as electric dipole moment. It is a vector quantity in the
direction of the dipole axis from -q to +q.
11. [M-1 L-3 T4 A2]
12. i. The amount of charge required to raise the potential of a capacity by unity is termed as the capacitance of a capacitor.
ii. The maximum electric field that a dielectric medium can with stand without breaking down of its insulating property is called
the dielectric strength of a dielectric.
13. Capacitance has its unit coulomb volt-1. It is a scalar quantity.
Section B
14. State True or False:
(i) (a) True
Explanation: True
(ii) (a) True
Explanation: True
15. (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
16. Electric flux over an area is the number of electric field lines crossing a given area.
Its SI unit: NC-1 m2 or V-m
Given: E⃗ = 3 × 103 ^i N/C, A = (10 cm)2 = 0.01 m2, and θ = 0°

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 ϕ = EAcos θ
ϕ = E.A = 3 × 103 × (0.1)2 = 30 NC-1m2
4π ε0 ab
17. Here b−a
= 4πε0 R

or ab

b−a
= R

Now b - a = 2cm and R = 1.2

2
m = 60 cm
ab
= 60
2

or ab = 120
(b + a)2 = ( b - a)2 + 4ab
= 22 + 4 × 120 = 484
or b + a = 22
or 2 + a + a = 22 [∵ b - a = 2 cm]
∴ a = 10 cm and b = 12 cm
V0
18. Without dielectric E 0 =
d
E0
With dielectric, E = κ

d d d E0 d
V = E0 ⋅ + E ⋅ = E0 ⋅ + ⋅
2 2 2 κ 2

E0 d (κ+1) V0 (κ+1)
= ⋅ =
2 k 2κ
q0 2κq0
or C = V
= =
2κ

κ+1
C0
V0 (κ+1)

19. Let capacitance of the capacitor = C

∴ emf of the battery = V

Charge given to the capacitor, q = CV

Energy supplied by the battery = Work done by the battery = qV
Energy stored in the capacitor = C V = qV 1

2
2 1

Thus, half the energy supplied by the battery is lost as heat while charging the capacitor.
Section C
20. i. By Gauss's Theorem,
Q
Flux through S1 is ϕ 1 =
ε0

2Q+Q 3Q
Flux through S2 is ϕ 2 =
ε0
=
ε0

Ratio of electric flux through S1 and S2 is

ϕ1 Q/ε0

ϕ
= =
1

3
=1:3
2 3Q/ε0

ii. If a medium of dielectric constant k is introduced in the space inside S1, then flux through S1 becomes
′ −
→ ⃗
−
→ −→
Q
′ ⃗ E 1 ⃗ 1
ϕ = ∮ E ⋅ dS = ∮ ⋅ dS = ∮ E ⋅ dS = ⋅
1 κ κ κ ε0

iii. The flux through S1 does not change with the introduction of the dielectric medium inside the sphere S2.
21. As shown in Fig. (b), the force exerted on charge + 2 μC by charge at B
1 q1 q2
F1 = 4πε0 2
r
9 −6 −6
9× 10 ×2× 10 ×3× 10
=
2
(0.20)

= 1.35 N, along AB
Force exerted on charge + 2 μC by charge at C,
9 −6 −6

F2 = 9× 10 ×2× 10

2
×3× 10

(0.20)

= 1.35 N, along AC
Resultant force of F1 and F2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
F = √F 2
1
+ F
2
2
+ 2F1 F1 cos 60
∘

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2
= √1.35 + 1.35 + 2 × 1.35 × 1.35 × 0.5
–
= 1.35 ×√3 = 2.34 N, along AM
For the charge at A to be equilibrium, the charge q to be placed at point M must be a positive charge so that it exerts a force on + 2
μ C charge along MA.
−−− −−−−−
Now, AM = √20 2
− 10
2

−−− –
= √300 = 10√3 cm

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 –
= 0.1 ×√3 m
Net force on the charge at A will be zero if
9 −6
9× 10 ×q×2× 10

2
= 2.34
(0.1× √3)

= 3.9 × 10-6 C = 3.9 μC

2.34×0.01×3
or q = 3
18×10

22. p = q × 2a = 10-6 × 0.02 = 2 × 10-8 cm

i. tmax = pE sin 90° = 2 × 10-8 × 105 × 1

= 2 × 10-3 Nm.
ii. W = pE(cos θ - cos θ ) 1 2

10-8 × 105 (cos

∘ ∘

=2× 0 - cos 180 )

= 2 × 10-3( 1 + 1) = 4 × 10-3 J.
23. a. In the given network, C1, C2 and C3 are connected in series.(effective capacitance is small as compared to individual
capacitance) The effective capacitance C′ of these three capacitors is given by
1 1 1 1
= + +
′
C C1 C2 C3

10
For C1 = C2 = C3 = 10 μF, C′ = ( 3
) μF. The network has C′ and C4 connected in parallel. Thus, the equivalent capacitance C
of the network is
C = C' + C4 = ( 10

3
+ 10) μ F = 13.3μF
b. Clearly, from the figure, the charge on each of the capacitors, C1, C2 and C3 is the same, say Q. Let the charge on C4 be Q′.
Q Q Q
Now, since the potential difference across AB is C1
, across BC is C2
, across CD is C3
, we have
Q Q Q

C1
+
C2
+
C3
= 500 V
′
Q
Also, C3
= 500 V
This gives for the given value of the capacitances.
Q = 500V ×
10

3
μF = 1.7 × 10-3 C and Q' = 500 V × 10 μF = 5.0 × 10-3 C
24. In a series combination of infinite number of capacitors, where there is no division of charge
1 1 1 1
= + + + …
Cs C1 C2 C3

In a parallel combination of infinite number of capacitors, where potential difference is same.

CP = C1 + C2 + C3...
i. Here, C1, C2 and C3 are in series. Therefore, their equivalent capacitance(C') is
1 1 1 1
= + +
′ C1 C2 C3
C
C
C
′
=
3
=
12

3
= 4μF (since C1 = C2 = C3 = C = 12 μF )
Now, C' and C4 are in parallel combination.
Net capacitance, Cnet = C'+ C4 = 4µF+ 12µF = 16µF
Cnet = 16µF
ii. Being C' and C4 in parallel and 500 V potential difference applied across them, both will get the same potential difference.
Charge on C',
q1 = C'V = (4 µF)× 500 = 2000 µC
C1, C2 and C3 capacitors each will have 2000 µC of charge.
Charge on C4, q2 = C4 × V = 12 × 500 = 6000 µC
Section D
25. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
dq
Surface charge density is defined as charge per unit surface area of surface charge distribution. i.e., σ = dS
. Two large, thin metal
plates are parallel and close to each other. On their inner faces, the plates have surface charge densities of opposite signs having
magnitude of 17.0 × 10-22 Cm-2 as shown. The intensity of electric field at a point is E =
σ

ε0
, where ε = permittivity of free
0

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 space.

(i) (d) zero

Explanation: There are two plates A and B having surface charge densities, σ A
= 17.0 × 10
−22
C/m2 on B,
respectively. According to Gauss' theorem, if the plates have same surface charge density but having opposite signs,
then the electric field in region I is zero.
EI = EA + EB = 2ε0
σ
+ (−
σ

2ε0
) =0

(ii) (a) zero

Explanation: The electric field in region III is also zero.
EIII = EA + EB = 2ε0
σ
+ (−
2ε0
σ
) =0

(iii) (a) 1.9 × 10-10 N/C

Explanation: In region II or between the plates, the electric field.
EII = EA - EB = +
2ε0
σ σ

2ε0

σ( σA or σB ) −22

= ε0
=
17.0×10

−12
8.85×10

E = 1.9 × 10-10 NC-1

(iv) (d) 1 : 1
Explanation: Since, electric field due to an infinite-plane sheet of charge does not depend on the distance of
observation point from the plane sheet of charge. So, for the given distances, the ratio of E will be 1 : 1.
(v) (a) cylindrical
Explanation: In order to estimate the electric field due to a thin finite plane metal plate, we take a cylindrical cross-
sectional area A and length 2r as the gaussian surface.
26. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A dielectric slab is a substance which does not allow the flow of charges through it but permits them to exert electrostatic forces
on one another. When a dielectric slab is placed between the plates, the field E0 polarises the dielectric. This induces charge -Qp
on the upper surface and +Qp on the lower surface of the dielectric. These induced charges set up a field Ep inside the dielectric in
the opposite direction of E⃗ as shown. 0

(i) 20
Capacitance with dielectric
k= Capacitance without dielectric

80μF
= 4μF
= 20
(ii) 80 pF
Capacitance of the capacitor with air between plates
ε0 A
C' = d
= 8 pF
With the capacitor is filled with dielectric (k = 5) between its plates and the distance between the plates is reduced by
half, capacitance become
ε0 kA ε0 ×5×A
C= = = 10 C' = 10 × 8 = 80 pF
d/2 d/2

(iii)increases the capacity of the condenser,

If a dielectric medium of dielectric constant K is filled completely between the plates then capacitance increases by K
times.
(iv)4

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 ε0 A
C= d
= 1pF ...(i)
x ε0 A
C' = (2d)
= 2pF ....(ii)
x 2
Divide (ii) by (i), 2
=
1
⇒ x=4
(v) ε0 A

d−b
εo A
As capacitance, C o =
d
εo A
∴ After inserting copper plate, C = d−b

27. a. We can see from the figure that on the left face E and ΔS are parallel. l = 20 cm, r = 5 cm = 0.05m. Therefore, the outward
flux is
⃗ ^
ϕL = E ⋅ ΔS = −200 i ⋅ ΔS

= + 200 ΔS, since ^i ⋅ ΔS = -ΔS

= + 200 × π (0.05)2 = + 1.57 Nm2C-1
On the right face, E and ΔS are parallel and therefore
ϕR = E ⋅ ΔS = + 1.57 Nm2 C-1.
b. For any point on the side of the cylinder E is perpendicular to ΔS and hence E.ΔS = 0. This is because when dot prdouct is
solved they involve cos and the angle between E and ds is 90 degree and cos 90 = 0. Therefore, the flux out of the side of the
cylinder is zero.
c. Net outward flux through the cylinder
= 1.57 + 1.57 + 0 = 3.14 Nm2 C-1
ϕ

d. The net charge within the cylinder can be found by using Gauss’s law which gives
q=∈ ϕ o

= 3.14 × 8.854 × 10-12 C

= 2.78 × 10-11 C
28. i. Let P be a point at distance r from the centre of the dipole on the side of charge -q so its distance from +q will be r+d and from
+q its distance will be r-d.

q
Then, the Electric field at point P due to charge -q of the dipole is given by, E −q = −
2
^
p
4π ε0 (r+d)

where, p^ is the unit vector along the dipole axis (from -q to q) as shown in the figure.
q
Also, the electric field at point P due to charge +q of the dipole is given by, E = +q
2
^
p
4π ε0 (r−d)

The total field at point P will be the vector sum of all the electric fields
q 1 1
E = E+q + E−q = [ − ^
]p
4πε0 2 2
(r−d) (r+d)

q 4dr
⇒ E= ⋅ ^
p
4πε0 2
2
( r2 − d )

4qd
For r >> d, E = 3
^
p
4πε0 r

Now, electric dipole moment vector, p = q× 2d p^

2p
Thus, E = 3
4πε0 r

So, electric field due to a dipole decreases as cube of the distance from the centre of the dipole.

ii.

As per the problem, electric field has only x component, for faces normal to X -direction. The magnitude of the electric field
at the left face will be
E L= 0 (as, x = 0 at the left face).

The magnitude of the electric field at the right face is ER = 2a (as, x = a at the right face).

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 The corresponding fluxes are:
ϕL = EL ⋅ ΔS = 0

∘
ϕR = ER ⋅ ΔS = ER ΔS cos θ = ER ΔS (: θ = 0 )

2
⇒ ϕR = ER a

Net flux (ϕ) through the cube

= ϕL + ϕR = 0 + ER a
2
= ER a
2
= 2a(a)
2 3
= 2a (since E = 2x^i )
Now,
3
ϕ = q/ε0 ∴ q = ϕε0 = 2a ε0

29. a. Consider the figure shown below:

i. Electric field due to the plate of the positive charge of charge density +σ at point P, is given by
E​1 = σ/2ε 0

Magnitude of electric field due to the other plate of negative charge density −σ,is given by
E​2 = −σ/2ε 0

In , the inner region between the plates 1 and 2 , electric field due to the two charged plates add up, is given by
σ σ σ
Enet = E1 + E2 = + =
2ε0 2ε0 ε0

Outside the plate, electric field will be equal to zero because of the opposite directions of the electric fields E​1 and E​2​
there.
ii. Potential difference between the plates of the capacitor is given by
V = Ed = σd/ε (∵ E = σ/ε ) 0 0

iii. Capacitance of the capacitor is given by

(∵ Q = CV)
Q σA ε0 A
C = = ε0 =
V σd d

b. Consider the figure shown below:

Potential at the surface of the sphere of radius R,

kq
2
= [∵ q = σ × 4πR ]
R
2
kσ4πR
= = σk4πR = 4kσπR
R

Potential at the surface of the second sphere of radius twice the previous one i.e. 2R,
kq
2 2
= [∵ q = σ × 4π(2R) = 16σπR ]
2R
2
k16σπR
= = 8kσπR
2R

We know that charge always flows from the higher potential surface to lower potential surface. Since the potential of the
bigger sphere is more, so charge will flow from sphere of radius 2R to the sphere of radius R after connecting both the spheres
by a conducting wire
30. i. On introduction of dielectric slab of dielectric constant K in an isolated charged capacitor.
a. The capacitance (C') becomes K times of original capacitor as
ε0 A Kε0 A
′
C = and C =
d d

(where A and d being cross-sectional area of each plate and distance of separation of the plates respectively)
b. Charge remains conserved in this phenomenon.
CV = C'V'
′ CV CV
⇒ V = ′
=
C KC

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 ′ V
⇒ V =
K

Potential difference decreases and becomes 1

K
times of its previous original value.
c. Energy stored initially in the capacitor,
2
q
U =
2C

Energy stored in the capacitor after inserting the dielectric,

2
q
∴ U
′
=
2KC
[∵ C ′
= KC ]
where, K =dielectric constant of medium
2
1 q 1 1
′ ′ ′
⇒ U = ( ) ⇒ U = (U ) ⇒ U = × U
K 2C K K

The energy stored in the capacitor decreases and becomes 1

K
times of original energy
ii. a. Electric field lines due to a conducting sphere are shown in the figure:

b. Electric field lines due to an electric dipole are shown in the figure:

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